Individual Activity Patterns and the Meaning of Residential Environments for Inter-Ethnic Contact

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aafke Heringa ◽  
Gideon Bolt ◽  
Martin Dijst ◽  
Ronald van Kempen
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Individual Activity ◽  
Residential Environments

Patricia: Predicting Activity-Travel Interdependencies with a Suite of Choice-Based, Interlinked Analyses

2002 ◽  
Vol 1807 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloys Borgers ◽  
Harry Timmermans ◽  
Peter van der Waerden
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Choice Models ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Individual Activity ◽  
And Performance

The development and performance of Patricia, a suite of (choice) models that can be used to analyze and predict activity-travel patterns, is reported. This suite of models, which differs from similar sequential utility-maximizing models of activity-travel patterns in that it incorporates a larger number of choice facets and choice options, was sequentially estimated with activity-travel data collected in the region of South Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The results of the estimation are satisfactory at the level of aggregated origin-destination matrices and individual activity patterns.

scholarly journals Simultaneous silence organizes structured higher-order interactions in neural populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Shimazaki ◽  
Kolia Sadeghi ◽  
Tomoe Ishikawa ◽  
Yuji Ikegaya ◽  
Taro Toyoizumi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Individual Activity ◽  
Pairwise Correlations ◽  
Neural Populations

Abstract Activity patterns of neural population are constrained by underlying biological mechanisms. These patterns are characterized not only by individual activity rates and pairwise correlations but also by statistical dependencies among groups of neurons larger than two, known as higher-order interactions (HOIs). While HOIs are ubiquitous in neural activity, primary characteristics of HOIs remain unknown. Here, we report that simultaneous silence (SS) of neurons concisely summarizes neural HOIs. Spontaneously active neurons in cultured hippocampal slices express SS that is more frequent than predicted by their individual activity rates and pairwise correlations. The SS explains structured HOIs seen in the data, namely, alternating signs at successive interaction orders. Inhibitory neurons are necessary to maintain significant SS. The structured HOIs predicted by SS were observed in a simple neural population model characterized by spiking nonlinearity and correlated input. These results suggest that SS is a ubiquitous feature of HOIs that constrain neural activity patterns and can influence information processing.

The Individual Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Summers ◽  
Rob T. Guerette
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Environmental Criminology ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Individual Activity ◽  
Journey To Crime ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Perspective

This chapter considers how offenders and victims make use of space and how variations in their patterns of movement influence the occurrence of crime. It examines examples of individual offender decision-making, such as how past experience informs future decisions (both legitimate and illegal), and how individual activity patterns can influence the broader social processes that take place within the environment. It begins with an exploration of the fundamental theoretical frameworks upon which environmental criminology is based. It then discusses how these frameworks inform various aspects of our endeavor to understand crime, the particular benefits of each theoretical approach, and how they complement and contrast with one another. Particular emphasis is placed on how potential offenders, victims, and others use space, and how this impacts upon crime patterns. This is followed by discussions of specific areas related to offender mobility, namely the journey to crime and displacement.

Space-Time Budgets and Activity Studies in Urban Geography and Planning

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Geography ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Individual Activity ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Time Continuum ◽  
General Perspective

This paper attempts to provide a general perspective on the potentialities and limitations of research into individual activity patterns. The most common types of activity study and data-collecting device are briefly described, and problems of data collection and analysis are outlined. The main focus is on the value of ‘space-time budgets’ in household surveys, assessed with respect to two contrasting aims: (1) deriving ‘behavioural’ postulates on which geographic theories of spatial structure might be based, and (2) planning spatial structures to suit the behaviour patterns and aspirations of different types of individuals and households. Activities occur in a ‘space-time’ continuum’, and there are temporal regularities inherent in spatial patterns. It is argued that studying activity patterns in terms of ‘space-time locations’ can throw light on pressing socio-spatial problems.

Do individual Activity Patterns of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) alter the Exposure to Parasitic Freshwater Pearl Mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) Larvae?

Ethology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 769-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Wengström ◽  
Fredrik Wahlqvist ◽  
Joacim Näslund ◽  
David Aldvén ◽  
Libor Závorka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Margaritifera Margaritifera ◽  
Pearl Mussel ◽  
Individual Activity ◽  
Freshwater Pearl Mussel ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

scholarly journals Victimization Surveys in Environmental Criminology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andromachi Tseloni ◽  
Nick Tilley ◽  
Graham Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Environmental Criminology ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Individual Activity ◽  
Victimization Surveys

This chapter provides examples of the ways in which victimization surveys have been used in environmental criminology to identify spatial distributions of crime and to test and refine hypotheses that speak to these distributions. It first makes some initial remarks on the variations in victimization surveys, which clearly affect what can be concluded from them with what confidence about differing forms of spatial contribution. It then provides three examples showing how national victimization surveys have been used to develop, test, and refine hypotheses drawn from environmental criminology that relate to spatial distributions of various crimes that link back to individual activity patterns. This is followed by a discussion of the benefits and limitations of victimization surveys in environmental criminology.

On the Social Behavior in a Stable Group of Long-Tailed Field Mice (Apodemus Sylvaticus). Ii. Its Relations With Distribution of Daily Activity

Behaviour ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Bovet
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Apodemus Sylvaticus ◽  
Individual Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Field Mice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Simultaneous Activity

AbstractA group of three or four long-tailed field mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) living in a large terrarium was observed for three consecutive months. A comparative analysis of their social behavior and temporal distribution of activity shows that there was a simple direct correlation between the number of encounters and the amount of time two or more mice spent together at the surface of the terrarium. It also shows an alternation of social and asocial periods, each of those lasting one or several weeks. In a social period, encounters were frequent, the mice spent much time together and were rarely seen to be active alone. The individual activity patterns were concordant, which contributed to the high amounts of simultaneous activity and of encounters. But in an asocial period, encounters were scarce, little time was spent together and solitary mice were often seen; the socially top ranking animal restricted its activity to certain times of the day and the three other mice to other times of the day, which contributed to the low amount of simultaneous activity and to the low frequency of encounters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document