Parameters Study of Deep Water Subsea Pipeline Selection

Recent developments in offshore pipeline projects in Malaysia waters are showing general trend towards deeper water, such as KIKEH in 2200 meter water depth. As the exploration is getting into deeper water or crossing a deep water section, different design issues may become governing compared to shallow water. Conceptual Design for Deep Water Pipeline discusses number of issues that need to be taken onto account in the design of pipelines in deep water. Aspect related to high external pressure, limitation for installation and geo-hazards are addressed. In order to give an early insight for designer to measure the reliability for a deep water project to current technology capabilities, a simulation program required to achieve the objective. This paper discusses several factors for selection of subsea pipelines such as wall thickness, buckling arrestors design, installation configuration and free spanning.

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Rational Modeling of Ultimate Pipe Strength Under Bending and External Pressure

Volume 2: Integrity and Corrosion; Offshore Issues; Pipeline Automation and Measurement; Rotating Equipment ◽

10.1115/ipc2000-234 ◽

2000 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

André C. Nogueira ◽

Glenn A. Lanan

Keyword(s):

Deep Water ◽

Limit State ◽

Local Buckling ◽

External Pressure ◽

Pressure Effects ◽

Combined Loading ◽

Empirical Prediction ◽

Limit State Design ◽

Controlled Conditions ◽

Offshore Pipeline

The capacity of pipelines to resist collapse or local buckling under a combination of external pressure and bending moment is a major aspect of offshore pipeline design. The importance of this loading combination increases as oil and gas projects in ultra deep-water, beyond 2,000-m water depths, are becoming reality. The industry is now accepting, and codes are explicitly incorporating, limit state design concepts such as the distinction between load controlled and displacement controlled conditions. Thus, deep-water pipeline installation and limit state design procedures are increasing the need to understand fundamental principles of offshore pipeline performance. Design codes, such as API 1111 (1999) or DNV (1996, 2000), present equations that quantify pipeline capacities under combined loading in offshore pipelines. However, these equations are based on empirical data fitting, with or without reliability considerations. Palmer (1994) pointed out that “it is surprising to discover that theoretical prediction [of tubular members under combined loading] has lagged behind empirical prediction, and that many of the formula have no real theoretical backup beyond dimensional analysis.” This paper addresses the ultimate strength of pipelines under combined bending and external pressure, especially for diameter-to-thickness ratios, D/t, less than 40, which are typically used for deep water applications. The model is original and has a rational basis. It includes considerations of ovalization, anisotropy (such as those caused by the UOE pipe fabrication process), load controlled, and displaced controlled conditions. First, plastic analysis is reviewed, then pipe local buckling under pure bending is analyzed and used to develop the strength model. Load controlled and displacement controlled conditions are a natural consequence of the formulation, as well as cross section ovalization. Secondly, external pressure effects are addressed. Model predictions compare very favorably to experimental collapse test results.

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Oxford Studies in Metaethics Volume 15

10.1093/oso/9780198859512.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Philosophy Of Mind ◽

Philosophy Of Language ◽

Moral Realism ◽

Ethical Theory ◽

Philosophical Work ◽

Moral Explanation ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Selection Of

This series is devoted to original philosophical work in the foundations of ethics. It provides an annual selection of much of the best new scholarship being done in the field. Its broad purview includes work being done at the intersection of ethical theory and metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. The chapters included in the series provide a basis for understanding recent developments in the field. Chapters in this volume explore topics including the nature of reasons, the tenability of moral realism, moral explanation and grounding, and a variety of epistemological challenges.

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Microbial Electrochemical Systems: Principles, Construction and Biosensing Applications

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21041279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1279

Author(s):

Rabeay Y.A. Hassan ◽

Ferdinando Febbraio ◽

Silvana Andreescu

Keyword(s):

Electrode Materials ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Chemical Energy ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Development Status ◽

Electrochemical Systems ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Energy Environment ◽

Microbial Electrochemical Systems ◽

Selection Of

Microbial electrochemical systems are a fast emerging technology that use microorganisms to harvest the chemical energy from bioorganic materials to produce electrical power. Due to their flexibility and the wide variety of materials that can be used as a source, these devices show promise for applications in many fields including energy, environment and sensing. Microbial electrochemical systems rely on the integration of microbial cells, bioelectrochemistry, material science and electrochemical technologies to achieve effective conversion of the chemical energy stored in organic materials into electrical power. Therefore, the interaction between microorganisms and electrodes and their operation at physiological important potentials are critical for their development. This article provides an overview of the principles and applications of microbial electrochemical systems, their development status and potential for implementation in the biosensing field. It also provides a discussion of the recent developments in the selection of electrode materials to improve electron transfer using nanomaterials along with challenges for achieving practical implementation, and examples of applications in the biosensing field.

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Recent advances in the electrochemical construction of heterocycles

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry ◽

10.3762/bjoc.10.303 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 2858-2873 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Robert Francke

Keyword(s):

Heterocyclic Compounds ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Ring Formation ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Heterocyclic Chemistry ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Strong Acids ◽

Selection Of ◽

Made In

Due to the fact that the major portion of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals contains heterocyclic units and since the overall number of commercially used heterocyclic compounds is steadily growing, heterocyclic chemistry remains in the focus of the synthetic community. Enormous efforts have been made in the last decades in order to render the production of such compounds more selective and efficient. However, most of the conventional methods for the construction of heterocyclic cores still involve the use of strong acids or bases, the operation at elevated temperatures and/or the use of expensive catalysts and reagents. In this regard, electrosynthesis can provide a milder and more environmentally benign alternative. In fact, numerous examples for the electrochemical construction of heterocycles have been reported in recent years. These cases demonstrate that ring formation can be achieved efficiently under ambient conditions without the use of additional reagents. In order to account for the recent developments in this field, a selection of representative reactions is presented and discussed in this review.

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Local Buckling in end Expansion of Subsea Pipelines

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v69.3268 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Jaswar Koto ◽

Abd. Khair Junaidi ◽

M. H. Hashim

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Axial Force ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Local Buckling ◽

Offshore Platform ◽

Offshore Pipeline ◽

Specific Rule ◽

Subsea Pipelines ◽

Study Development

Offshore pipeline is mainly to transport crude oil and gas from offshore to onshore. It is also used to transport crude oil and gas from well to offshore platform and from platform to another platform. The crude oil and gas horizontally flows on the seabed, and then vertically flows inside the riser to the offshore platform. One of current issues of the oil and gas transportation system is an end expansion caused by the axial force. If the end expansion occurs over it limit can cause overstress to riser. This paper explores the effect of axial force toward local buckling in end expansion. In the study, development of programming in visual basic 2010 firstly was constructed using empirical equation. The programming code, then, was validated by comparing simulation result with actual data from company. As case study, the end expansion for various thicknesses of pipes was simulated. In this programming, DNV regulation is included for checking either design complied or not with regulation. However, DNV regulation doesn’t have specific rule regarding the end expansion but it is evaluated under load displacement control under strain condition.

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Deep Water Pipeline Repair In The Gulf Of Mexico

10.4043/25275-ms ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lance Brown ◽

Adrian Dayani ◽

Shaun Lazenby ◽

Jackson Miller

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of Mexico ◽

Deep Water ◽

Water Pipeline

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Offshore Pipeline Risers and Their Adaptability To Deep Water

10.2118/2279-ms ◽

1968 ◽

Author(s):

Richard C. Faust

Keyword(s):

Deep Water ◽

Offshore Pipeline

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Digital platforms under fire: What Australia can learn from recent developments in Europe

Alternative Law Journal ◽

10.1177/1037969x18813402 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 275-282

Author(s):

Samson Esayas ◽

Dan Svantesson

Keyword(s):

Court Decision ◽

Final Report ◽

Court Decisions ◽

Clear Trend ◽

Digital Platforms ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Selection Of

There is a clear trend of a hardening attitude towards digital platforms. In Australia this trend is exemplified by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission’s current inquiry specifically into digital platforms. Further, it can also be seen in court decisions. Having discussed one such court decision, we give a brief overview of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission’s digital platforms inquiry. We then seek to bring attention to a selection of particularly relevant European developments that may usefully inform how Australia proceeds in this arena and that may be considered in the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission’s final report due to be provided to the Treasurer on 3 June 2019.

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