battery chargers
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Nassary ◽  
Enric Vidal-Idiarte ◽  
Javier Calvente

Electric mobility is nowadays one of the more important trends regarding pollution reduction and global warming due to fuel consumption. Big efforts are done in order to develop efficient and reliable power electronic systems for electric vehicles. In two stage on board-battery chargers, one way of improving efficiency is by means of ensuring the DC-DC isolated converter always operates in the nominal input/output voltage ratio, that could be achieved with a variable DC-link operation. In this paper, a four-switch buck-boost based AC/DC converter is deeply analyzed in order to improve its dynamic performance, the power factor and the total harmonic distortion. The converter suffers from a non-minimum phase characteristic in different input–output transfer functions, which reduces the closed-loop bandwidth of the system. Therefore, after a deep converter analysis has been done, different solutions have been evaluated and tested. Finally, a control to different output transfer functions of the converter become minimum phase, which allows us to increase the system bandwidth and, consequently, high power factor, low harmonics distortion, single control structure and fast dynamics for wide output voltage range are achieved.


2022 ◽  
pp. 68-95
Author(s):  
Syed Qaseem Ali ◽  
Geza Joos ◽  
Chu Sun

Integrated battery chargers (IBCs) have been proposed as a low-weight, low-volume, and high-power solution to conventional conductive chargers. However, the design of such chargers is complicated, requiring special components or control techniques to solve inherent issues (such as galvanic isolation, torque generation, and system reconfiguration) associated with their design. Solutions vary based on charging power, drive topology, and motor technology. This chapter introduces designs for IBCs, including solutions as proposed in the literature. It also presents challenges in their industrial adoption. Finally, the chapter presents opportunities for fleet charging applications using IBCs.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Mattia Simonazzi ◽  
Alessandro Campanini ◽  
Leonardo Sandrolini ◽  
Claudio Rossi

This paper analyzes two different design procedures for a series-parallel compensated WPT battery charger, based on different definitions of the operating resonant frequency in the condition of maximum link efficiency. The behaviour of the voltage gain magnitude and the input impedance angle of the resulting WPT links is studied for different loads and coupling coefficients. The design algorithms are supported by analytical formulas derived from an exact circuit analysis of the WPT link, avoiding approximations as far as possible. To support the theoretical approach a case study is proposed, in which both design procedures are implemented considering specifications in line with the actual automotive standards. To conclude, a characterization of the efficiency in both cases is derived.


Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Mohamed Y. Metwly ◽  
Ahmed Hemeida ◽  
Ayman S. Abdel-Khalik ◽  
Mostafa S. Hamad ◽  
Shehab Ahmed

Permanent magnet machines (PMs) equipped with fractional slot concentrated windings (FSCWs) have been preferably proposed for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Moreover, integrated on-board battery chargers (OBCs), which employ the powertrain elements in the charging process, promote the zero-emission future envisaged for transportation through the transition to EVs. Based on the available literature, the employed machine, as well as the adopted winding configuration, highly affects the performance of the integrated OBC. However, the optimal design of the FSCW-based PM machine in the charging mode of operation has not been conceived thus far. In this paper, the design and multi-objective optimization of an asymmetrical 12-slot/10-pole integrated OBC based on the efficient magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) approach are presented, shedding light on machine performance during charging mode. An ‘initial’ surface-mounted PM (SPM) machine is first designed based on the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model. Afterwards, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is utilized to define the optimal machine parameters. Finally, the optimal machine is compared to the ‘initial’ design using finite element (FE) simulations in order to validate the proposed optimization approach and to highlight the performance superiority of the optimal machine over its initial counterpart.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiming Chen ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Pengfei Cui ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 5059-5073
Author(s):  
Abdar Ali ◽  
Jiang Chuanwen ◽  
Zhou Yan ◽  
Salman Habib ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Khan

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6369
Author(s):  
Szymon Piasecki ◽  
Jaroslaw Zaleski ◽  
Marek Jasinski ◽  
Serafin Bachman ◽  
Marek Turzyński

The paper is a comprehensive laboratory comparison study of two galvanic isolated solution off-board battery chargers: (1) Si-based cost-effective case, and (2) SiC-bidirectional ready for vehicle to grid concept case. All circuits are modular, and in both cases the DC/DC converter can be replaced according to the end user requirements (the coupled transformer remains the same and is constructed based on 12xC100 cores to avoid additional choke). In the case of single active bridge, an active RCD snubber is proposed to protect against overvoltage above 1kV in the DC_2 circuit. The dual active bridge is equipped with soft-star modulation using a zero vector to reduce in-rush current in case of no-load operation, while the AC/DC grid connected converter remains bidirectional to assure the highest power quality at the point of common coupling. All tests were made with real second-used batteries, which improves environmental, economic and technical feasibility of such systems for prosumers. The total efficiency of both AC/DC/DC converters (>97% in SiC and >94% in Si versions) was investigated in the same laboratory conditions.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5878
Author(s):  
Mahdi Bayati ◽  
Mehrdad Abedi ◽  
Maryam Farahmandrad ◽  
Gevork B. Gharehpetian ◽  
Kambiz Tehrani

There are many important trade-offs and constraints on cost, volume, weight, conduction losses, switching losses, microcontrollers, isolation, voltage and current levels, voltage and current ripples, battery specifications, charging–discharging algorithms, control system, switch gate drivers, and efficiency of battery chargers in electric vehicles. In this paper, a well-known power electronic topology commonly used in recent relevant studies is considered, and some important technical considerations with regard to the mentioned trade-offs and constraints are discussed in detail for the first time. The discussion concerns the practical and theoretical experiences in implementation of battery chargers and charging stations of electric vehicles exclusively, and it can be extended to various other power electronic topologies.


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