scholarly journals Recent advances in the electrochemical construction of heterocycles

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2858-2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Francke
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ring Formation ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Heterocyclic Chemistry ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Strong Acids ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Due to the fact that the major portion of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals contains heterocyclic units and since the overall number of commercially used heterocyclic compounds is steadily growing, heterocyclic chemistry remains in the focus of the synthetic community. Enormous efforts have been made in the last decades in order to render the production of such compounds more selective and efficient. However, most of the conventional methods for the construction of heterocyclic cores still involve the use of strong acids or bases, the operation at elevated temperatures and/or the use of expensive catalysts and reagents. In this regard, electrosynthesis can provide a milder and more environmentally benign alternative. In fact, numerous examples for the electrochemical construction of heterocycles have been reported in recent years. These cases demonstrate that ring formation can be achieved efficiently under ambient conditions without the use of additional reagents. In order to account for the recent developments in this field, a selection of representative reactions is presented and discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Recent Developments on 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions by Catalysis in Green Solvents

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Maiuolo ◽  
Vincenzo Algieri ◽  
Fabrizio Olivito ◽  
Antonio De Nino
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Dipolar Cycloaddition ◽  
Cycloaddition Reactions ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Dipolar Cycloadditions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Selection Of

The use of eco-compatible synthetic procedures in organic reactions and, in particular, in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, has recently received a great deal of attention and considerable progress has been achieved in this area in the last years. This review summarizes the approaches currently employed to synthesize heterocyclic compounds by catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions in green solvents in the last six years. Our choice to do a selection of the literature from 2014 to 2019 was made considering the absence of a recent review about this period, to our knowledge. Several examples to construct heterocycles by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions will be discussed in this work subdivided in function of the most important class of non-conventional and green solvents, i.e., ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), and water.

Protein transport in the plant secretory pathwayThis review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Plant Cell Biology.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally L. Hanton ◽  
Federica Brandizzi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

The study of the plant secretory pathway is a relatively new field, developing rapidly over the last 30 years. Many exciting discoveries have already been made in this area, but as old questions are answered new ones become apparent. Our understanding of the functions and mechanisms of the plant secretory pathway is constantly expanding, in part because of the development of new technologies, mainly in bioimaging. The increasing accessibility of these new tools in combination with more established methods provides an ideal way to increase knowledge of the secretory pathway in plants. In this review we discuss recent developments in understanding protein transport between organelles in the plant secretory pathway.

scholarly journals Anticancer activity of benzoxazole derivative (2015 onwards): a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanay Ghoshal ◽  
Tarun M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Area ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background According to the report published recently by the World Health Organization, the number of cancer cases in the world will increase to 22 million by 2030. So the anticancer drug research and development is taking place in the direction where the new entities are developed which are low in toxicity and are with improved activity. Benzoxazole and its derivative represent a very important class of heterocyclic compounds, which have a diverse therapeutic area. Recently, many active compounds synthesized are very effective; natural products isolated with benzoxazole moiety have also shown to be potent towards cancer. Main text In the last few years, many research groups have designed and developed many novel compounds with benzoxazole as their backbone and checked their anticancer activity. In the review article, the recent developments (mostly after 2015) made in the direction of design and synthesis of new scaffolds with very potent anticancer activity are briefly described. The effect of various heterocycles attached to the benzoxazole and their effect on the anticancer activity are thoroughly studied and recorded in the review. Conclusion These compiled data in the article will surely update the scientific community with the recent development in this area and will provide direction for further research in this area.

Recent Developments of Martensitic Heat-Resistant Steels for Ultra-Supercritical Power Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 950 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Xun Qiao ◽  
Lin Lin Wang ◽  
Xu Feng Bai
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Strengthening Mechanisms ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Heat Resistant Steels ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Martensite Matrix ◽  
High Creep Resistance ◽  
Made In

This paper provides a comprehensive review of developments and progress made in martensitic heat-resistant steels, especially, with the emphasis on strengthening mechanisms used in elevated temperatures. We desired to elucidate the correlation between high creep resistance at elevated temperatures and thermal stability of nano-sized particles precipitated from martensite matrix. Finally, future prospective strengthening methods for martensitic heat-resistant steels were discussed.

scholarly journals Dielectric Resonator Antennas: Basic Concepts, Design Guidelines, and Recent Developments at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Keyrouz ◽  
D. Caratelli
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Dielectric Resonator ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Dielectric Resonator Antennas ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

An up-to-date literature overview on relevant approaches for controlling circuital characteristics and radiation properties of dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) is presented. The main advantages of DRAs are discussed in detail, while reviewing the most effective techniques for antenna feeding as well as for size reduction. Furthermore, advanced design solutions for enhancing the realized gain of individual DRAs are investigated. In this way, guidance is provided to radio frequency (RF) front-end designers in the selection of different antenna topologies useful to achieve the required antenna performance in terms of frequency response, gain, and polarization. Particular attention is put in the analysis of the progress which is being made in the application of DRA technology at millimeter-wave frequencies.

WINTER WHEAT DEVELOPED BY THE UDMURT RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE IN COMPETITIVE VARIETY TESTING

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
I.V. TORBINA ◽  
◽  
I.R. FARDEYEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Rotation Pattern ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Variety Testing ◽  
Made In ◽  
Research Institute

The paper assesses the promising varieties of winter wheat in a competitive variety test by the main economic and biological characteristics that determine the suitability of the variety for commercial use. The object of research was the authors’ own breeding material. The experiments on the selection of winter wheat were made in the experimental crop rotation pattern of the Institute.

Oxford Studies in Metaethics Volume 15

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Moral Realism ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Moral Explanation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Selection Of

This series is devoted to original philosophical work in the foundations of ethics. It provides an annual selection of much of the best new scholarship being done in the field. Its broad purview includes work being done at the intersection of ethical theory and metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. The chapters included in the series provide a basis for understanding recent developments in the field. Chapters in this volume explore topics including the nature of reasons, the tenability of moral realism, moral explanation and grounding, and a variety of epistemological challenges.

Evidence-based Assessment

2010 ◽  
pp. 76-98
Author(s):  
John Hunsley ◽  
Eric J. Mash
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Evidence-based assessment relies on research and theory to inform the selection of constructs to be assessed for a specific assessment purpose, the methods and measures to be used in the assessment, and the manner in which the assessment process unfolds. An evidence-based approach to clinical assessment necessitates the recognition that, even when evidence-based instruments are used, the assessment process is a decision-making task in which hypotheses must be iteratively formulated and tested. In this chapter, we review (a) the progress that has been made in developing an evidence-based approach to clinical assessment in the past decade and (b) the many challenges that lie ahead if clinical assessment is to be truly evidence-based.

scholarly journals Improved strategies to efficiently isolate thermophilic, thermotolerant, and heat-resistant fungi from compost and soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Frederick Witfeld ◽  
Dominik Begerow ◽  
Marco Alexandre Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Heat Shock Treatment ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Culture Dependent ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThermophilic, thermotolerant and heat-resistant fungi developed different physiological traits, enabling them to sustain or even flourish under elevated temperatures, which are life-hostile for most other eukaryotes. With the growing demand of heat-stable molecules in biotechnology and industry, the awareness of heat-adapted fungi as a promising source of respective enzymes and biomolecules is still increasing. The aim of this study was to test two different strategies for the efficient isolation and identification of distinctly heat-adapted fungi from easily accessible substrates and locations. Eight compost piles and ten soil sites were sampled in combination with different culture-dependent approaches to describe suitable strategies for the isolation and selection of thermophilous fungi. Additionally, an approach with a heat-shock treatment, but without elevated temperature incubation led to the isolation of heat-resistant mesophilic species. The cultures were identified based on morphology, DNA barcodes, and microsatellite fingerprinting. In total, 191 obtained isolates were assigned to 31 fungal species, from which half are truly thermophilic or thermotolerant, while the other half are heat-resistant fungi. A numerous amount of heat-adapted fungi was isolated from both compost and soil samples, indicating the suitability of the used approaches and that the richness and availability of those organisms in such environments are substantially high.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study to Correlate the Facial Form and Maxillary Central Incisor Tooth Form in Males and Females of Davangere Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Deepak Bansal ◽  
Shruti Sharma ◽  
Manjit Kumar ◽  
Amrit Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Tooth Form ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

AbstractAn altered facial appearance is more difficult to face, than problems related to ill-fitting denture or eating. The selection of maxillary anterior teeth for complete denture has long posed problem in clinical practice and a controversy about the best method to employ still exists. An attempt is made in the present study to clinically correlate the face form with maxillary central incisor tooth form in males and females of Davangere population. In 1914, Leon William's projected the “the form method” where he classified facial forms as square, tapering, and ovoid. Maxillary central incisors were selected according to the facial forms.Of total 100 subjects four different tooth forms and face forms were evaluated. They are: square, ovoid, square-tapered, tapered. No significant correlation existed between face form in male and females. Females exhibited greater correlation between face forms and inverted tooth form but that correlation is not sufficient to serve as a guide for selection of anterior teeth.

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