ULASAN KAEDAH KITAR SEMULA SISA BATERI

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhah Abdillahil Moktamin ◽  
Goh Choo Ta ◽  
Mazlin Mokhtar ◽  
Mohd Rozaimi Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method

The generation of waste batteries is increasing due to the wide application and short life span of batteries. The heavy metals used inside a battery are highly toxic and can cause harm to humans and to the environment. However, if waste batteries are recovered properly through a recycling process, precious metals inside the batteries can be extracted. In general, there are three methods for recycling waste batteries, namely pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and bio-hydrometallurgy. This article reviews and discusses the efficiency and effectiveness of these methods in recycling waste batteries. Based on the review, each recycling method has its specific characteristics. The hydrometallurgy method tends to be used for recycling Li-ion batteries while the pyrometallurgy method tends to eliminate plumbum in automotive waste batteries. In general, the hydrometallurgical method is commonly used for recycling batteries due to its shorter process and lower cost. 

Development of a recycling process for Li-ion batteries

2012 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Georgi-Maschler ◽  
B. Friedrich ◽  
R. Weyhe ◽  
H. Heegn ◽  
M. Rutz
Keyword(s):  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Li Ion

scholarly journals Effect of Heating on the Pretreatment Process for Recycling Li-Ion Battery Cathode

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Soraya Ulfa Muzayanha ◽  
Cornelius Satria Yudha ◽  
Luthfi Mufidatul Hasanah ◽  
Adrian Nur ◽  
Agus Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Active Material ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Li Ion

<p>The use of Li-ion batteries has increased with the increasing of portable electronic media. Li-ion batteries have a life cycle hence a recycling process is needed in order to reduce the potential hazard of waste while increasing the economic value of unused battery material, especially its cathode active material. This study used Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide (NCA) cathode scrap to be regenerated which NCA material has high energy density and high capacity. The pretreatment process is one of the determinants in the subsequent recycling process. In this study, the effect of heating on the pretreatment process was carried out with variation temperatures of 500-800<sup>0</sup>C to obtain powder which will be recycled. The combination process of the leaching and co-precipitation was used to regenerate the cathode active material. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was performed to determine leaching efficiency using 4M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> at 40<sup>0</sup>C for 3 hours. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that NCA material has been successfully regenerated which the diffraction peaks of NCA material was in accordance with JCPDS standards. The morphology of NCA material was tested using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical testing uses a cylindrical battery at 2.7-4.2 Volt which the initial specific discharge capacity of the power is 62.13 mAh / g.</p>

Resynthesis of NMC Type Cathode from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jihad ◽  
Affiano Akbar Nur Pratama ◽  
Salsabila Ainun Nisa ◽  
Shofirul Sholikhatun Nisa ◽  
Cornelius Satria Yudha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Battery Recycling ◽  
Li Ion

Li-ion batteries are one of the most popular energy storage devices widely applied to various kinds of equipment, such as mobile phones, medical and military equipment, etc. Therefore, due to its numerous advantages, especially on the NMC type, there is a predictable yearly increase in Li-ion batteries' demand. However, even though it is rechargeable, Li-ion batteries also have a usage time limit, thereby increasing the amount of waste disposed of in the environment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimum conditions and the potential and challenges from the waste Li-ion battery recycling process, which consists of pretreatment, metal extraction, and product preparation. Data were obtained by studying the literature related to Li-ion battery waste's recycling process, which was then compiled into a review. The results showed that the most optimum recycling process of Li-ion batteries consists of metal extraction by a leaching process that utilizes H2SO4 and H2O2 as leaching and reducing agents, respectively. Furthermore, it was proceeding with the manufacturing of a new Li-ion battery.

scholarly journals Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Larouche ◽  
Farouk Tedjar ◽  
Kamyab Amouzegar ◽  
Georges Houlachi ◽  
Patrick Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method ◽  
Alternative Solutions

An exponential market growth of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has been observed in the past 20 years; approximately 670,000 tons of LIBs have been sold in 2017 alone. This trend will continue owing to the growing interest of consumers for electric vehicles, recent engagement of car manufacturers to produce them, recent developments in energy storage facilities, and commitment of governments for the electrification of transportation. Although some limited recycling processes were developed earlier after the commercialization of LIBs, these are inadequate in the context of sustainable development. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to replace the commonly employed pyrometallurgical recycling method with a less detrimental approach, such as hydrometallurgical, in particular sulfate-based leaching, or direct recycling. Sulfate-based leaching is the only large-scale hydrometallurgical method currently used for recycling LIBs and serves as baseline for several pilot or demonstration projects currently under development. Conversely, most project and processes focus only on the recovery of Ni, Co, Mn, and less Li, and are wasting the iron phosphate originating from lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. Although this battery type does not dominate the LIB market, its presence in the waste stream of LIBs causes some technical concerns that affect the profitability of current recycling processes. This review explores the current processes and alternative solutions to pyrometallurgy, including novel selective leaching processes or direct recycling approaches.

A green recycling process designed for LiFePO4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
pp. 11493-11502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Jeong Shin ◽  
Soo Kim ◽  
Jae-Kyo Noh ◽  
Dongjin Byun ◽  
Kyung Yoon Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Green Process ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Process Route ◽  
Lifepo4 Cathode ◽  
Li Ion

A green process route is proposed to recycle LiFePO4 cathode materials from FePO4·2H2O metastrengite I intermediate phase.

The Importance of Li-Ion Batteries Recycling Process Based on Their Characterization and Economical Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Fonseca Guimarães ◽  
Amilton Barbosa Botelho Junior ◽  
Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Economical Evaluation ◽  
Li Ion

scholarly journals A Novel Recycling Route for Spent Li-Ion Batteries

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Eliana G. Pinna ◽  
Norman Toro ◽  
Sandra Gallegos ◽  
Mario H. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Cathodic Material ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Cobalt Oxalate ◽  
Valuable Compounds

In this work, a recycling route for spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs) was developed. For this, the recovery of the metal content in both electrodes (anode and cathode) was investigated. Based on these results, an economic analysis of this recycling process was carried out. The obtained results showed that more than 90% of the material contained in both electrodes was recycled. The dissolution with acetic acid of the metals present in the active cathodic material is thermodynamically viable and the addition of a reducing agent such as hydrogen peroxide improved the spontaneity of the reaction. Dissolutions close to 100% for Li and Co were obtained. In addition, it was determined that the synthesis of lithium and cobalt valuable compounds was viable from the leach liquor, recovering approximately 90% of Co as cobalt oxalate, and 92% of Li as lithium carbonate. Furthermore, carbon graphite and Cu were fully recovered (100%) from the anodes. Finally, the results of the economic analysis showed that the recovered products have a high commercial value and industrial interest, providing an environmentally and economically viable process.

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