PULL OUT STRENGTH FOR DIFFERENT SIZE OF DOWEL AND GRAIN DIRECTION OF GLULAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengku Anita Raja Hussin ◽  
Mohamad Iswandi Jinne ◽  
Rohana Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bond Behaviour ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Timber Joints ◽  
Different Thickness ◽  
Pull Out Strength

This paper presents an experimental program for testing glued-in dowel glulam timber joints. Hundred thirty glulam specimens, each with a single glued-in rebar parallel to the grain and perpendicular to grain with different size of dowels 12mm, 16mm and 20mm were tested to evaluate the effects of anchorage length and different dowel diameter for parallel and perpendicular to the grain on pull-out strength and bond behaviour of glued-in rebar timber joints. The test results showed that the maximum load for specimen with dowel glued-in parallel to the grain given the higher maximum load than dowel glued-in perpendicular to the grain direction. Failure modes were characterized by pull out failure in the mode of adhesive-dowel, yet one sample failed in timber-adhesive mode. This might happened because the surface of the timber was burned by drilling machine during the drilling process. The pull-out was tested with different thickness grain direction with different dowel size with a rate of 2mm/min and the failure modes were observed after the testing of pull-out test. PRF is the adhesive used for the strengthening purposes. Resistance to the withdrawal of dowels glued-in perpendicularly was 44.2% to 53.5 % lower than that obtained for dowels glued-in parallel to the grain direction. The result shows that the dowel glued-in parallel to the grain given the higher maximum load than dowel glued-in perpendicular to the grain direction.

DIFFERENT GLUELINE THICKNESSES PULL-OUT BEHAVIOUR OF MENGKULANG GLULAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengku Anita Raja Hussin ◽  
Oon Vincent ◽  
Rohana Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Glue Line ◽  
Resorcinol Formaldehyde ◽  
Line Thickness ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Pull Out Strength

Timber connection is still facing inadequacy of engineering studies. Mechanical and adhesive joints are the two main types of connections being used for timber connection. In this study, pull-out strength test is carried to determine the best glue line thickness and the failure modes occur. Three different glue-line thicknesses of 2mm, 3mm and 4mm was tested with holes thicknesses of 14mm, 16mm and 18mm  respectively were drilled on 9 with 3 specimens of each thickness. This test is carried out until failure in the specimen by using the Universal Testing Machine with load capacity of 1000kN and at the rate of 2mm/min. Phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) is the adhesive used for the strengthening purposes with ratio of PRF hardener and resin of 1:5 was used in this experiment. The dowel glued-in steel dowel is 10 mm in diameter from S 235 steel type. For the results; The data shows that glue line thickness of 2mm does generate the highest maximum load compared to 3mm and 4mm of glue line thickness with the value of 2.394kN compared to 2.223kN and 1.789kN respectively. However, glue line thickness of 3mm shows highest breaking load of 1.714kN compared to 1.631kN of 2mm glue line thickness and 1.454kN of 4mm glue line thickness. Therefore, it is proven that the 2mm glue line thickness is more superior in strength and shear stress than 3mm and 4mm of glue line thickness.

scholarly journals Relationship between clamp force and pull-out strength in lag screw timber joints

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doppo Matsubara ◽  
Yoshiaki Wakashima ◽  
Yasushi Fujisawa ◽  
Hidemaru Shimizu ◽  
Akihisa Kitamori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lag Screw ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Clamp Force ◽  
Timber Joints ◽  
Pull Out Strength

Studies on Soil Resistance to Pipelines Buried in Sand

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 3151-3156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run Liu ◽  
Lin Ping Guo ◽  
Shu Wang Yan ◽  
Yu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Soil Failure ◽  
Pipe Segment ◽  
Force Displacement ◽  
Peak Value

A series of model tests were carried out to investigate the soil resistance when the buried pipe segment moved in the sand. In the tests, the pipe segments were pulled out in vertical, lateral and axial directions and the pipe segments movement and soil resistance were recorded. Observed data show that the soil resistance depends on the pipe diameters and the depth of cover. According to the uplift test results, the force-displacement relationships with smaller depth of cover are greatly different from those with larger depth of cover. The results of the lateral sliding and axial pull out tests show that the soil resistance initially increases before a peak value is reached and then keeps the same level. For the same covered depth, the lateral soil resistance is more than twice that for uplift. According to the uplift test results, the soil failure modes with smaller depth of cover are greatly different from those with larger covered depth.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON SHEAR PERFORMANCE OF COMPONENTS CONNECTED BY BEECH AND SELF-TAPPING SCREW COMPOSITE DOWELS

Wood Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-968
Author(s):  
XUDONG ZHU ◽  
YINGYING XUE ◽  
XUEWEN ZHANG ◽  
PENGFEI QI ◽  
JIE SHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Shear Performance ◽  
Group B ◽  
Better Than

This study examined the properties of components connected by beech and self-tapping screw composite dowels (group C). As a contrast, the components connected by beech dowels and self-tapping screws individually were tested. The test results indicated that the properties of the components connected by beech dowels (group B) were better than those connected by self-tapping screws (group S), except the ductility coefficient, final displacement, and energy consumption. On the other hand, the main failure modes of groups B and S were the broken beech dowel and the bent self-tapping screw, respectively. For group C, two peak values could be found which were larger than the maximum load of groups B and S, respectively. The properties of group C were better than those of groups B and S, except that the final displacement and energy consumption were located between those of groups B and S. Meanwhile, the linear equation in two unknowns have be found between groups B, S and C.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PULL OUT STRENGTH OF FLEXIBLE TIES IN THIN BRICK VENEER LAYER

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Robertas Zavalis ◽  
Bronius Jonaitis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Brick Veneer ◽  
Flexible Metal ◽  
Pull Out Strength

The use of thin brick veneer layers for building facades becomes more popular nowadays. Using thin bricks (50−65 mm thick) instead of normal 100−120 mm thick bricks let us to save expenses up to 50% related to materials. The connection of thin veneer layer with inner construction wall must be assured. Usually, the connection is fulfilled using flexible metal or composite ties. The main issue for this connection is tie pull out strength from thin brick masonry. This strength depends on type and construction of ties and it governs the number of ties need for facades. This article describes experimental research of pull out strength of flexible steel ties in thin brick masonry. Two possible anchoring types were used. Experimental test results and analysis are described in the article.

scholarly journals Experimental and Parametric Study on the Pull-Out Resistance of a Notched Perfobond Shear Connector

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangjie Zheng ◽  
Yuqing Liu ◽  
Yangqing Liu ◽  
Chen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Shear Connector ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Explicit Finite Element ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Circular Holes ◽  
Alternative Equation

To ease the installation of perforating rebars through multi-holes, an alternative notched perfobond shear connector was proposed by cutting out the hole edge. This paper presents the test results of six pull-out specimens with conventional and notched perfobond shear connectors. The objective was to compare the failure modes and pull-out behaviors of perfobond shear connectors using circular holes and notched holes. Furthermore, the explicit finite element method was introduced and validated to generate parametric results for pull-out tests of notched perfobond shear connectors. A total of 33 parametric simulations were performed to further study the influences of several variables, including the hole diameter, the cut width, the perfobond thickness, the concrete strength, the diameter and strength of the rebar, and the strength of the structural steel. The experimental and numerical results were used to evaluate the previous equations for perfobond shear connectors. Finally, an alternative equation was proposed to estimate the pull-out resistance of notched perfobond shear connectors.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Fixation Angle between Polyaxial Pedicle Screw Head and Rod on the Failure of Screw-Rod Connection

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Çetin ◽  
Mustafa Özkaya ◽  
Ümit Özgür Güler ◽  
Emre Acaroğlu ◽  
Teyfik Demir
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pedicle Screw ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Screw Head ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Polyaxial Screws ◽  
Different Diameters

Introduction.Polyaxial screws had been only tested according to the ASTM standards (when they were perpendicularly positioned to the rod). In this study, effects of the pedicle screws angled fixation to the rod on the mechanical properties of fixation were investigated.Materials and Method.30 vertically fixed screws and 30 screws fixed with angle were used in the study. Screws were used in three different diameters which were 6.5 mm, 7.0 mm, and 7.5 mm, in equal numbers. Axial pull-out and flexion moment tests were performed. Test results compared with each other using appropriate statistical methods.Results.In pull-out test, vertically fixed screws, in 6.5 mm and 7.0 mm diameter, had significantly higher maximum load values than angled fixed screws with the same diameters (P<0.01). Additionally, vertically fixed screws, in all diameters, had significantly greater stiffness according to corresponding size fixed with angle (P<0.005).Conclusion.Fixing the pedicle screw to the rod with angle significantly decreased the pull-out stiffness in all diameters. Similarly, pedicle screw instrumentation fixed with angle decreased the minimum sagittal angle between the rod and the screw in all diameters for flexion moment test but the differences were not significant.

Behaviour of adhesive steel anchors under impulse-type loading

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1835-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abass Braimah ◽  
Ettore Contestabile ◽  
Rick Guilbeault
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Embedment Depth ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dynamic Increase Factor ◽  
Adhesive Anchors

The dynamic behaviour of adhesive anchors embedded in concrete is not well established, neither is their behaviour in stone masonry. This paper presents an experimental program designed to study the dynamic behaviour of adhesive anchor – substrate systems under impulse-type loading. The adhesive anchor – substrate systems consisted of steel rods bonded to concrete and limestone with an epoxy-based adhesive. Two steel anchor diameters (6.4 and 9.5 mm), two embedment depths (89 and 114 mm), and two angles of substrate penetration (90° and 45°) were investigated. The predominant failure mode observed for the steel anchor – concrete substrate samples was steel fracture, whereas for the steel anchor – limestone substrate samples, both steel fracture and limestone substrate failure modes were observed. The test results show that in most cases the dynamic increase factor (DIF) of adhesive anchors decreases with an increase in the embedment depth. Also, a substrate penetration angle of 45° increases the DIF in comparison with samples with 90° penetration angle. The DIFs of 1.2 and 2.5 are recommended for adhesive anchors with normal and 45° limestone substrate penetrations, respectively, while for concrete substrate, the recommended DIFs are 1.2 and 3.2 for normal and 45° substrate penetrations, respectively.

Pull-out strength and bond behaviour of axially loaded rebar glued-in glulam

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 440-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibin Ling ◽  
Huifeng Yang ◽  
Weiqing Liu ◽  
Weidong Lu ◽  
Ding Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Behaviour ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Axially Loaded ◽  
Pull Out Strength

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on the Fire Resistance of Glued-In Rod Timber Joints with Heat Resistant Modified Epoxy Resin

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2731
Author(s):  
Liquan Luo ◽  
Benkai Shi ◽  
Weiqing Liu ◽  
Huifeng Yang ◽  
Zhibin Ling
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Timber Joints ◽  
Fireproof Coating ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Modified Epoxy

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the fire resistance of glued-in rod timber joints using epoxy resin, with and without modification. A heat-resistant modified resin was designed by adding inorganic additives into the epoxy resin, aiming to improve the heat resistance. Joints that were made using the modified epoxy resin at room temperature showed a bearing capacity comparable to those with commercial epoxy resin. Twenty-one joint specimens with the modified epoxy resin and six with a commercial epoxy resin were tested in a fire furnace to evaluate the fire resistance. The main failure mode was the pull-out of the rod, which is typical in fire tests of this type of joints. As to the effects of the test parameters, this study considered the effects of adhesive types, sectional sizes, stress levels, and fireproof coatings. The test results showed that the fire resistance period of a joint can be evidently improved by modifying the resin and using the fireproof coating, as the improvements reached 73% and 35%, respectively, compared with the joint specimens with commercial epoxy resin. It was also found that, for all specimens, the fire resistance period decreased with an increase in the stress level and increased with an increase in the sectional sizes.

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