GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS STUDY USING SEISMIC REFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (8-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Nadia ◽  
Rosli Saad ◽  
Nordiana Muztaza ◽  
Nur Azwin Ismail ◽  
Mohd Mokhtar Saidin

In this study, correlation is made between seismic P-wave velocities (Vp) with standard penetration test (SPT-N) values to produce soil parameter estimation for engineering site applications. A seismic refraction tomography (SRT) line of 69 m length was spread across two boreholes with 3 m geophones spacing. The acquired data were processed using Firstpix, SeisOpt2D and surfer8 software. The Vp at particular depths were pinpointed and correlated with geotechnical parameters (SPT-N values) from the borehole records. The correlation between Vp and SPT-N values has been established. For cohesive soils, it is grouped into three categories according to consistencies; stiff, very stiff and hard, having velocity rangesof 575-314 m/s, 808-1483 m/s and 1735-2974 m/s, respectively. For non-cohesive soils, it is also divided into three categories based on the denseness as loose, medium dense and dense with Vp ranges of 528-622 m/s, 900-2846 m/s and 2876-2951 m/s, respectively

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Pedro Vencovsky Nogueira ◽  
Marcelo Peres Rocha ◽  
Welitom Rodrigues Borges ◽  
Eduardo Xavier Seimetz ◽  
Márcio Maciel Cavalcanti

ABSTRACT. The most common procedure for an engineering project/construction is the use of direct survey, borehole and Standard Penetration Test (SPT). Thisprovides punctual information of the geology at the site, and many boreholes are necessary along the construction site, representing a significant amount of the budgetfor the construction and to help develop a better geological understand/map of the site. The use of geophysical methods allows to study the subsurface by indirectmeans, with low cost, and enable to cover large areas if compared to direct surveys. Geophysical methods are increasingly being used in engineering works, however, inBrazil the use in engineering projects is still scarce. In this work was used shallow seismic refraction method to study the shallow subsurface in an area along the futuretrack of the subway system of Bras´ılia, Brazil. The refraction results (P-wave) were compared with previous existing data from Standard Penetration Test (SPT), and soilprofile description. The seismic was used to study the subsurface geology, and SPT data were used to compare the seismic results. We observed a good correlationfor the depths obtained through each method, mostly in the north portion of the line, when the SPT was near the line, indicating that its results are influenced by thesame mechanical parameters, related to soil strength. Our results motivate the use of seismic refraction as a tool to optimize the direct investigation methods for bettergeotechnical characterization of the medium.Keywords: shallow seismic refraction, standard penetration test (SPT), geotechnical study. RESUMO. O procedimento inicial mais comum em um projeto de engenharia é o uso de pesquisa direta, por meio de sondagens e Índice de Resistência à Penetração (SPT, em inglês). Estas ferramentas fornecem informações pontuais acerca da geologia local, sendo necessárias diversas sondagens para desenvolver um bom entendimento geológico/geotécnico da região, fazendo com que as sondagens representem uma quantidade significativa do orçamento da obra de engenharia. O usode métodos geofísicos permite estudar a subsuperfície por meio indireto, com baixo custo, e possibilita cobrir grandes áreas, quando comparado ao uso exclusivo desondagens diretas. Métodos geofísicos estão sendo cada vez mais utilizados em obras de engenharia, no entanto, o seu uso em projetos de engenharia no Brasil aindaé escasso. Neste trabalho foi utilizado o método de sísmica de refração rasa para estudar a subsuperfície em uma área ao longo do futuro trecho do sistema de metrô de Brasília, Brasil. Os resultados de refração (onda P) foram comparados com os dados pré-existentes de SPT e descrição do solo. A sísmica foi empregada para estudara geologia da subsuperfície, os dados SPT foram utilizados para comparar com os resultados sísmicos. Observou-se uma boa correlação para as profundezas obtidas através de cada método, principalmente na porção norte da linha, região em que o SPT está mais próximo da linha, indicando que os seus resultados são influenciados pelos mesmos parâmetros mecânicos, relacionados com a resistência do solo. Nossos resultados motivam o uso de refração sísmica como uma ferramenta para aperfeiçoar os métodos de investigação direta, com objetivo de gerar uma melhor caracterização geotécnica do meio.Palavras-chave: sísmica de refração rasa, índice de resistência à penetração, estudo geotécnico.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mustapha Adejo Mohammed ◽  
Rosli Saad ◽  
Nur Azwin Ismail ◽  
Sabiu Bala Muhammad ◽  
Amsir Taib ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-423
Author(s):  
Ahmed Lachhab ◽  
El Mehdi Benyassine ◽  
Mohamed Rouai ◽  
Abdelilah Dekayir ◽  
Jean C. Parisot ◽  
...  

The tailings of Zeida's abandoned mine are found near the city of Midelt, in the middle of the high Moulouya watershed between the Middle and the High Atlas of Morocco. The tailings occupy an area of about 100 ha and are stored either in large mining pit lakes with clay-marl substratum or directly on a heavily fractured granite bedrock. The high contents of lead and arsenic in these tailings have transformed them into sources of pollution that disperse by wind, runoff, and seepage to the aquifer through faults and fractures. In this work, the main goal is to identify the pathways of contaminated water with heavy metals and arsenic to the local aquifers, water ponds, and Moulouya River. For this reason, geophysical surveys including electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), seismic refraction tomography (SRT) and very low-frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) methods were carried out over the tailings, and directly on the substratum outside the tailings. The result obtained from combining these methods has shown that pollutants were funneled through fractures, faults, and subsurface paleochannels and contaminated the hydrological system connecting groundwater, ponds, and the river. The ERT profiles have successfully shown the location of fractures, some of which extend throughout the upper formation to depths reaching the granite. The ERT was not successful in identifying fractures directly beneath the tailings due to their low resistivity which inhibits electrical current from propagating deeper. The seismic refraction surveys have provided valuable details on the local geology, and clearly identified the thickness of the tailings and explicitly marked the boundary between the Triassic formation and the granite. It also aided in the identification of paleochannels. The tailings materials were easily identified by both their low resistivity and low P-wave velocity values. Also, both resistivity and seismic velocity values rapidly increased beneath the tailings due to the compaction of the material and lack of moisture and have proven to be effective in identifying the upper limit of the granite. Faults were found to lie along the bottom of paleochannels, which suggest that the locations of these channels were caused by these same faults. The VLF-EM surveys have shown tilt angle anomalies over fractured areas which were also evinced by low resistivity area in ERT profiles. Finally, this study showed that the three geophysical methods were complementary and in good agreement in revealing the pathways of contamination from the tailings to the local aquifer, nearby ponds and Moulouya River.


Author(s):  
GN Egwuonwu ◽  
EI Okoyeh ◽  
DC Agarana ◽  
EG Nwaka ◽  
OB Nwosu ◽  
...  

Two-dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography (2DERT) and Seismic Refraction Tomography (2DSRT) were concurrently applied in assessment of a gully site with the view of assessing its stability and risk level. Eight profile lines oriented parallel and perpendicular to the boundary of the gully were surveyed. As a result, apparent resistivity model tomograms in the range of 1-9,000 and p-wave velocity models in the range of 300-700 were obtained from the two techniques respectively. Interpretation of the models obtained show predominance of unconsolidated clay, shale intercalates, clayey sand, sandy clay and weathered lateritic soil at shallow depths. Low amplitude undulating refracting layers, landslide slip subsurface and lose horizons were also delineated at shallow depths. The predominance of weak, clayey and unconsolidated lithology at the gully site suggests evidence of unstable gravitational equilibrium which imply environmental hazard. The plausible deductions made from the two


2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Peter J. Hutchinson ◽  
Maggie H. Tsai

ABSTRACT Near-surface seismic refraction tomography imaged the basal contact of the Upper Cambrian silica-rich Mount Simon Formation with that of the underlying Precambrian granite in central Wisconsin. The discrimination between the Mount Simon and underlying non-conformable contact with Precambrian rocks was based upon a p-wave velocity of 1,700 m/s. Refraction tomography imaged deep, broad tidal channels within the Mount Simon consistent with the inference that Mount Simon was deposited in a high-energy near-shore, probably fluvial environment. The Mount Simon is an arenite that has high commercial value.


1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (44) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin A. I. Bell

AbstractA portable first-arrival seismic refraction instrument was used to measure seismic P-wave velocities in ice, frozen ground, till and shattered rock at various places in the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica. It was found that some frozen ground exhibits the same seismic velocity as ice, so that buried ice cannot be idengified by seismic velocity measurements.The depth of exfoliation of a granite outcrop in Taylor Valley was successfully measured, as was the depth of an ice-free moraine in Wright Valley. From this latter depth, and from reasonable assumptions about the diffusion of water vapour through till, a minimum age of 75,000 yr. has been deduced for the moraine. This age implies that no through-glacier occupied Wright Valley during the last Northern Hemisphere glaciation.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2835
Author(s):  
Yawar Hussain ◽  
Rogerio Uagoda ◽  
Welitom Borges ◽  
Renato Prado ◽  
Omar Hamza ◽  
...  

Reliable characterization of the karst system is essential for risk assessment where many associated hazards (e.g., cover-collapse dolines and groundwater pollution) can affect natural and built environments, threatening public safety. The use of multiple geophysical approaches may offer an improved way to investigate such cover-collapse sinkholes and aid in geohazard risk assessments. In this paper, covered karst, which has two types of shallow caves (vadose and fluvial) located in Tarimba (Goias, Brazil), was investigated using various geophysical methods to evaluate their efficiency in the delineation of the geometry of sediments filled sinkhole. The methods used for the investigation were Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Seismic Refraction Survey (SRS), Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) and the Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) method. The study developed several (2D) sections of the measured physical properties, including P-wave velocity and electrical resistivity, as well as the induced current (because of local bodies). For the analysis and processing of the data obtained from these methods, the following approaches were adopted: ERT inversion using a least-square scheme, Karous-Hjelt filter for VLF-EM data and time-distance curves and Vp cross-sections for the SRS. The refraction data analysis showed three-layered stratigraphy topsoil, claystone and carbonate bedrock, respectively. The findings obtained from ERT (three-layered stratigraphy and sediment-filled doline), as well as VLF-EM (fractured or filled caves as a positive anomaly), were found to be consistent with the actual field conditions. However, the SRS and SRT methods did not show the collapsed material and reached the limited the depth because of shorter profile lengths. The study provides a reasonable basis for the development of an integrated geophysical approach for site characterization of karst systems, particularly the perched tank and collapse doline.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
B. Butchibabu ◽  
Prosanta K. Khan ◽  
P.C. Jha

Geophysical investigations were carried out for evaluation of damage and to assess the possible causes for repeated occurrence of damage at one of the buildings constructed for oil pumping in the northern part of India. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) techniques were adopted for studying the subsurface of the area around the building with an objective of ascertaining the cause of damage. High resolution imaging was done using both the techniques in this investigation. ERT delineated the presence of low resistivity (2 ohm-m) water filled voids below the structures and mapped different subsurface layers such as sandy soil, clay and sandstone in the study area. SRT revealed P-wave velocity ( V P ) of the subsurface medium in the range of 400–3,400 m/s. Corresponding densities and S-wave velocities ( V S ) were determined based on Gardner's and Castagna's relationships. Subsequently, the V P , V S and the modulus values were used in estimating compressibility of soil and rock strata. Results showed near surface layers were characterized by high compressibility (26.673 × 10 −5 Pa −1 ), decreases with depth. This paper presents the details of the site, techniques used in the investigation and correlation of geophysical results with lithological information, and the subsequent analysis for understanding the distress in the subsurface of the study area.


Author(s):  
S. Thorburn

AbstractThis introductory lecture discusses the international use of the standard penetration test (SPT) and presents the proposals for International Reference Test Procedures. The application of the SPT as a means of assessing the strength and stiffness of weak rocks is mentioned together with the reliance upon the test at the present time for estimating the liquefaction potential of saturated fine grained non-cohesive soils. The various aspects of the execution of the SPT are discussed which can provide variable and unrepresentative values of resistance (N values).The principle of measuring energy losses and making adjustments to the N values is introduced as a basis for ensuring comparability of test results.Reference is made to the general descriptions of the SPT given in BS 5930:1981 and to the lack of clear guidance in this British Standard.


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