Tinkering with Form: On W. F. Bach's Revisions to Two Keyboard Sonatas

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-223
Author(s):  
Yoel Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Binary Form ◽  
Sonata Form ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Keyboard Sonatas ◽  
The Way

This article examines the way Wilhelm Friedemann Bach's revisions to two keyboard sonatas (Fk 1 and Fk 6) reflect his engagement with the emerging sonata-form aesthetic. I show how the revisions update his older, essentially binary practice by introducing Classical sentence structure in the first themes; a differentiated theme in the dominant before the end of the first half; distinct development and recapitulation sections; and an enhanced tonic-dominant polarity, as well as other features that were to become characteristic of sonata form. Bach's conscious tinkering with his older works thus reflects a contemporary response to the way common practice was tinkering with binary form, gradually transforming it to what eventually became known as Classical sonata form.

POLA DAN PEMBENTUKAN PERSAJAKAN SYAIR "SURAT KAPAL"

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Yulita Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
The Way ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The poem “Surat Kapal” that exists  in  the  society   of    Indragiri Hulu, Riau has various pattern of poetry. In this research, the issue raised is how about the pattern and the way to  construct  the poetry of “Surat Kapal”. The aim of this research is to identify the pattern and the way how to construct the poem. Theory used is the structuralism theory that see a literary work as a structure. This research is descriptive qualitative. The data used is the secondary data that taken from books and poems that written by readers in “Surat Kapal”. Through  this  research,  it  is  known  that  the  formation  of  this  poem  is  carried  out  by    1) word  choice  (diction)  and  the  word  choice  that  has  similar  end  phoneme,  2)  syllables repetition  or  the  same words,  3)  the  conversion  of  sentence  structure,  4)  code  mixing  in another language (Indonesian language and regional language), 5) the removal of  letters, and 6) the addition -nya (-nye) and -k.Abstrak Syair “"Surat Kapal"” yang hidup di dalam masyarakat Indragiri Hulu, Riau,  memiliki persajakan  yang  polanya  bermacam-macam.  Di  dalam  penelitian  ini,  masalah  yang diangkat  adalah  berbagai  pola  dan  cara  pembentukan  persajakan syair "“Surat Kapal"” tersebut. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola dan cara pembentukan persajakan syair "“Surat Kapal"” itu. Teori  yang  dipergunakan  adalah  teori  strukturalisme yang  melihat  sebuah  karya  sebagai  sebuah  struktur.  Penelitian  ini  bersifat  kualitatif-deskriptif. Data yang dipergunakan adalah data sekunder, yaitu data yang didapatkan dari buku dan catatan yang ditulis oleh penyair “Surat Kapal”. Melalui penelitian ini diketahui bahwa  pembentukan  persajakan  dilakukan  dengan  cara  1)  pemilihan  kata  (diksi)  dan pemilihan kata yang berfonem akhir mirip, 2) pengulangan suku kata atau kata yang sama, 3)  pengubahan    struktur  kalimat,  4)  campur    kode  ke  bahasa  lain  (bahasa  Indonesia  atau bahasa daerah), 5) penghilangan huruf, dan 6) penambahan –nya (-nye) dan –k.

Structural change in Catalan discourse

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Forcadell ◽  
Jaume Llopis
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Television Production ◽  
Intimate Link ◽  
Structural Innovation ◽  
The Way

For the function of theme-rheme mapping onto sentence structure, Catalan right-dislocation, a syntactically-based operation, is being replaced by in situ accent-shift, a prosodic strategy. This structural innovation found in the data analysed is probably triggered by a calque from English and Spanish, which uses a prosodic variant. The occurrences found in the corpus (oral television production from non-spontaneous, supervised genres) indicate that the phenomenon is occurring unnoticed by language advisors. By showing that a non-standard prosodic strategy alien to the Catalan inventory has increased over the two periods studied, it is proved that the (structural) calque is making progress. The frequency of the occurrence of this calque may pave the way for its acceptance as a valid Catalan resource among Catalan speakers, as the intimate link between prosody and syntax in Catalan is blurred.

scholarly journals Thematic Process and Motivic-Developmental Approaches to Composition in three works for Jazz Orchestra

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Timothy David Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Sonata Form ◽  
Jazz Orchestra ◽  
The Way

<p>This exegesis examines key structural processes found in selected large-scale, extended compositions for jazz orchestra, with a particular focus on composers Maria Schneider, Darcy James Argue, Jim McNeely. These composers are archetypal jazz orchestral composers and are currently active. I will discuss their approaches to structure and the formal function of musical materials within selected compositions. The aim of this exegesis is to uncover the way in which jazz orchestral composition invokes concepts related to theme and development identified in classical analytical literature. As such, I will argue that the works analysed here suggest a move more toward forms associated with the classical period, such as sonata form.</p>

Kennis, Vaardigheid en 'Performance' in de Taal/Spraak-Ontwikkeling

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Loekie Elbers ◽  
Frank Wijnen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
Production Errors ◽  
The Way

Chomsky's notions of 'knowledge' and 'ability' are discussed, and are distinguished from the notion 'performance'. 'Knowledge' is taken to refer to the native speaker's abstract knowledge of the language system, 'ability' is taken to refer to the (no less abstract) processing mechanisms underlying speech production and perception, whereas 'performance' is used for referring to the actual linguistic behavior at some particular moment, in some particular situation. Subsequently, a case-study of the development of language and speech during the third year is presented. Twelve hours of spontaneous speech, produced by one child at ages 2:4, 2:6, 2:7, 2:8, 2:9, and 2:11 are analyzed (two hours per period). The development of sentence structure over periods suggests that the child is differentiating function words and content words as separate word classes (development of 'knowledge'). Also, there is a temporary increase of disfluencies and production errors in the periods 2:7 to 2:9 (development of 'performance'). It is argued that these changes in knowledge on the one hand and performance on the other are related, and that this relation is mediated by changes in 'ability', i.e., in the processing mechanism underlying speech production. Two kinds of 'effort' displayed by this mechanism are distinguished: 'syntactic' or planning effort, which is investigated by analyzing developmental changes in the child's peak performances (his longest, most complex sentences in each of the six periods), and 'articulatory' effort, which is investigated by analyzing developmental changes in the way in which the words of sentences that are immediate and complete self-repetitions are articulated, as compared to the way in which these same words were articulated in the preceding instance of the sentence. In his syntactic effort, the child appears to become increasingly concerned with producing function words; at age 2:7 (the start of the temporary increase in disfluencies) there is a significant increase in the relative number of function words per sentence, and this is especially clear in the longest sentences. At the same time however, the child seems to concentrate his articulatory effort on content words; from age 2:7 onward content words tend to be articulated more accurately in the repetition of an utterance than in its first production, whereas the same does not hold for function words. In the Discussion it is suggested that the differentiation of function and content words ('knowledge') causes a certain imbalance within the developing production mechanism ('ability'), in that function words and content words start 'competing' for effort, each at a different processing level. This, in its turn, might play a role in the observed temporary increase of disfluencies and production errors ('performance').

Britten's Spring Symphony

Tempo ◽  
1950 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Erwin Stein
Keyword(s):  
Sonata Form ◽  
Traditional Scheme ◽  
Fourth Part ◽  
Ternary Form ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

Spring Symphony—the accent is on the first word. Musical pictures of the Spring have been combined in a symphonic cycle. The form deviates from the usual schemes: there is no sonata form nor are there any other of the traditional symphonic movements. Therefore, if someone has too hard and fast a notion of what a symphony should be, let him accept the word here in the metaphorical sense. But if a symphony means integrating the manifold aspects of one idea, here is a true example of the type. We have a series of twelve contrasting vocal pieces, the unity of which is provided not only by the one subject, Spring, but by the way in which the pieces are co-ordinated. They are grouped into four parts, similar to the traditional scheme of Allegro, Adagio, Scherzo and Finale, but our Allegro consists of several movements: an extended Lento introduction and four lively pieces which follow each other without pause. No thematic connection between them is apparent, nor between the movements of the second or third parts, representing, as it were Adagio and Scherzo. The fourth part is composed in one, as a Finale of large ternary form.

scholarly journals PENGARUH JENIS PENGETAHUAN DAN KECAKAPAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS BAHASA INGGRIS PADA MAHASISWA TEKNIK MESIN SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNIK PLN

Power Plant ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Redaksi Tim Jurnal
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Writing Skill ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
Genre Knowledge ◽  
The Way

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of genre knowledge and sentence structure toward dtudent’s writing skill in recount text in STT PLN Jakarta.In this research, the writer uses survey methodology with approach to correlation.The result of study identivies : 1 ) There is an effect of significant genre knowledge and sentence structure toward student’s writing skill in recaoun text with coefficient correlation multiple Ry 12 = 0.811.Genre knowledge and sentence structure to give 65.8 % toward variation student’s writing skill in recount text via similarity multiple regression Y = 34.466 + 0.793 x 1 + 0.602 x 2 which significant to standard 0.05. In relation to result of the recearch significant exam is able to F account = 35.563 > F table = 3.25. 2) There is an effect which significant genre knowledge toward student’s writing skill in recauntext variable genre knowledge the way of effecttive give 64.3 % toward variation student’s writing skill in recaunt text. The result of the researce significant is able to t account ( 4.836 ) > t table ( 1.69 ) to standart real 5 % . 3 There is an effects significant between sentence structure student’s writing skill in recaount text .Variable sentence structure the of evective give 35.7 % toward variation student’s skill in recount text .The result of significant is able to t account ( 3. 058 ) < t table ( 1.69 ) to standard real 5 %.

scholarly journals EXPRESSION OF INDUCEMENT IN KOREAN AND BULGARIAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Eunnarae CHO
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Form ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Declarative Sentence ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Deontic Modality ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Imperative Mood ◽  
Synthetic Form ◽  
The Way

This article attempts to present some means of expressing inducement in Korean and Bulgarian and to suggest some features discovered in the translation corpus, composed of five original Korean novels and their translations in Bulgarian. Unlike imperative mood, which is a grammatically concretized notion of deontic modality, inducement is a complex unity formed by various elements such as morphological, syntactic and lexical elements. Therefore, it can be realized both directly and indirectly through the means, which express / do not express inducement in its own form. As for the direct way, Bulgarian has a synthetic and an analytic form. Korean has only a synthetic form, but it has six imperative endings, differing in terms of formality and politeness. Regarding the indirect way, some means like interrogative sentences with the verb in indicative mood and declarative sentences with modal verb are actively used in both languages, while others are used only in Bulgarian. For example, the use of a declarative sentence with a future tense verb in the indicative mood for the purpose of expressing inducement is clearly confirmed in Bulgarian, but in Korean this kind of sentence does not perform the same function at all. From the studied translation materials five main asymmetric features have been found – in the person of the addressee, the voice of the sentence, the way of expressing the inducement, the sentence structure and the way of strengthening the persistence.

scholarly journals Thematic Process and Motivic-Developmental Approaches to Composition in three works for Jazz Orchestra

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Timothy David Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Sonata Form ◽  
Jazz Orchestra ◽  
The Way

<p>This exegesis examines key structural processes found in selected large-scale, extended compositions for jazz orchestra, with a particular focus on composers Maria Schneider, Darcy James Argue, Jim McNeely. These composers are archetypal jazz orchestral composers and are currently active. I will discuss their approaches to structure and the formal function of musical materials within selected compositions. The aim of this exegesis is to uncover the way in which jazz orchestral composition invokes concepts related to theme and development identified in classical analytical literature. As such, I will argue that the works analysed here suggest a move more toward forms associated with the classical period, such as sonata form.</p>

Self-sacrifice for in-group's history: A diachronic perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Babińska ◽  
Michal Bilewicz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
Reciprocal Process ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe problem of extended fusion and identification can be approached from a diachronic perspective. Based on our own research, as well as findings from the fields of social, political, and clinical psychology, we argue that the way contemporary emotional events shape local fusion is similar to the way in which historical experiences shape extended fusion. We propose a reciprocal process in which historical events shape contemporary identities, whereas contemporary identities shape interpretations of past traumas.

What is the purpose of cognition?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aba Szollosi ◽  
Ben R. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Number ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
The Way

Abstract The purpose of human cognition depends on the problem people try to solve. Defining the purpose is difficult, because people seem capable of representing problems in an infinite number of ways. The way in which the function of cognition develops needs to be central to our theories.

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