ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN BIG OIL GUN DAN TINY OIL GUN TERHADAP KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR PADA SAAT START UP UNIT DI PLTU BANTEN 3 LONTAR

Konsumsi energi di Indonesia yang terus meningkat namun tidak berbanding lurus dengan ketersediaan sumber daya alam berupa minyak bumi dan batubara yang merupakan energi primer dalam pembangkitan listrik. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penghematan agar berimbang antara konsumsi dan persediaannya. Hal tersebut juga sesuai dengan Kebijakan Energi Nasional yangdikeluarkan pemerintah tentang penghematan energi yang salah satunya adalah penghematan bahan bakar. Proses start up unit Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) Banten 3 Lontar dengan kapasitas 3 x 315 MW, menggunakan Big oil gun dengan bahan bakarnya yaitu HSD (High Speed Diesel) saja. Sejak 2014, Tiny oil gun muncul dengan konsep konsumsi bahan bakar yang jauh lebih hemat daripada Big oil gun . Start up dengan Tiny oil gun menggunakan sedikit solar + batubara. Start awal ini bertujuan agar tercapai temperatur dan tekanan di dalam ruang bakar (furnace). Perbedaan di antara keduanya jelas memiliki kelebihan serta kekurangan dari segi waktu, keandalan dan konsumsi bahan bakar. Penelitian ini menganalisa perbandingan penggunaan Big oil gun dan Tiny oil gun pada proses start up dan konsumsi bahan bakarnya yang kemudian dihubungkan dengan berapa besar biaya start up yang dikeluarkan setiap kali start up dilakukan selama penggunaan yang terus berjalan serta studi kelayakan investasi pada Tiny oil gun. Start up dengan Tiny oil gun berhasil menghemat konsumsi bahan bakar solar hingga 89,9% atau sebesar 54698 liter dan menghemat biaya Start up sebesar 61% atau sebesar Rp 263.836.213 per kali Start up serta hasil dari studi kelayakan investasi pada Tiny oil gun menyimpulkan investasi layak untuk diterima dan dijalankan.

UJI PRESTASI DAN EMISI DIESEL BERBAHAN BAKAR MINYAK NABATI MURNI UNTUK PEMBANGKITAN DAYA DI DAERAH TERPENCIL

Pure Plant Oil (PPO) such as Pure Coconut Oil (PCO) and Pure Palm Oil (PPaO) could be a solution for electricity problem in remote areas in Indonesia. PCO and PPaO can be used as a fuel for diesel engine to produce electricity. This paper will compare and analyze the performance and emissions of the diesel power plant fueled with diesel fuel, PCO, and PPaO. For performance parameter, brake specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency of diesel engine by using PPaO and PCO are higher than the diesel fuel, but the brake specific energy consumption are lower than the diesel fuel. That means diesel engine will be more efficient and have lower operational cost by using PPaO and PCO. For the emission parameters, CO2, CO, and CH emissions from PPaO and PCO are higher compared to diesel fuel. That means PPO have higher carbon emission than just using conventional diesel fuel. But, there are highly significant difference of less NOX emissions by using PCO and PPaO compared to the diesel fuel. That means it will be better using PPO because diesel engine has lack of high NOX emissions. These differences of diesel engine performance and emissions by PPaO, PCO, and diesel fuel are caused by the fuel characteristic differences such as cetane number, calorific value, and viscosity.

ANALISIS STRATEGI TEKNOLOGI PLTS FOTOVOLTAIK DI INDONESIA TERHADAP NILAI EQIVALENSI DAN PEMANFAATAN PERWILAYAH

The equivalence value and utilization by region in the focus of the Technology Strategy Analysis Photovoltaic solar power in Indonesia is a form of solar power energy potential optimization analysisbased on the results of the model output MARKAL by taking two cases: the base case (BASE CASE) and the case of investment costs vary PLTS (PVCOST). The base case is a case where all conditionsare taken based on the conditions from 2000 to 2016 when growth in electricity consumption is assumed to remain average, in 2030 Java is expected to require PLTS of 12.16 GW. But the use ofsolar power at 12.16 GW by-case basis and 46.65 GW in the case PVCOST in Java and 16.85 GW in the case PVCOST in Sumatra can be said to be irrational considering there are still local energysources that can be used like a mini/micro-hydro and geothermal has not been used optimally.

PENGARUH PEMELIHARAAN OVERHAUL TURBOCHARGER TERHADAP KINERJA MESIN UNIT VII PLTD AMPENAN

Increasing number of Indonesian population and unequal distribution of population with higher densities only on certain islands rather than outside the islands, appropriate development strategies are needed in providing need for electrical resilience for the population. Frequent interactions with fuel - powered engines such as diesel engines and human resource readiness probably are reasons for government choice in using diesel powered engines (very big and medium sized diesel engines) to provide electricity on small islands and remote islands. Availability of electrical energy will create a conducive investment climate and improve welfare of the population. Lombok West Nusa Tenggara is one of small islands in Indonesia. In the area, electricity need is generated by PLTD Ampenan. One of the Ampenan diesel engines in unit VII is New Sulzer 12 ZAV 40 S equipped with double turbocharger type VTR 354. To maintain its performance, overhauls done routinely. Overhaul is a procedure performed to restore engine performance to factory standard specification value and give second age with condition worn or defective components refer to reusable parts instructions according to factory standards. This research focuses on the state of the diesel engine as a prime mover of generator before and after its turbocharger overhaul. And also, things about turbocharger overhaul and its effect on the engine.

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS TUTORIAL BAGI MAHASISWA TEKNIK MESIN STT PLN

Tutorial method is a way of delivering learning materials that have been developed in the form of modules for students to learn independently. Students can consult about the problems and progress encountered periodically. Many limitations teacher, in choosing the right method of teaching cause lecturer difficult to realize the demands of the students in this teach. Acceleration we can see at universities around us, still very much a lecturer who uses teaching methods in a conventional way, such as lectures, notes, summarizes and etc. Research aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of the tutorial method of teaching in the department of mechanical engineering. This study uses research and development (Research and Development), the stage of preliminary studies carried out by applying a qualitative descriptive approach. The development phase is done by trial limited to the conventional model of teaching faculty by applying experimental methods (Single One Shot Case Study) After no improvement on the limited test then continued with a broader test of the experimental method in the form of groups (one group pretest-posttest). The latter is a tutorial teaching model validation methods eksprimen. The result of research shows that tutorial teaching methods more effective than the old teaching methods, both on the speed aspect of students' understanding of the lecture material, creativity, and student results.

PERANCANGAN BOILER DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN SAMPAH KERING UNTUK BAHAN BAKAR PLTU MINI 3 kW STT-PLN

Boiler is a heat exchanger that serves to evaporate boiler feed water to produce dry steam to drive the turbines in order to produce electricity. The fuels used in this study are dry wastes such as paper, plastic, and wood. The process of designing this boiler is carried out so that the use of diesel to generate steam on energy conversion practicum/experiment in STT-PLN is no longer needed. Instead, they can use dry waste as fuel to produce steam which later will drive the turbines. The residue of burning waste process in the form of ashes is approximately 0.053% of the weight or volume of dry waste before burnt. The calculation conducted on this works is to determine the design of evaporator and economizer pipe. The calculation is also adjusted to the generated steam needed in order to spin the turbines. The pressure produced from this boiler design should be 2.9 bar and for the amount of steam was 21 kg / hour. As a result, the calculation of evaporator surface area is 8,83 m2, result simulation HTRI 8.95m2 with 88 pipes and 1500 mm for each pipe, while the heated surface area for economizer is 0,46 m2 result simulation HTRI 0,45 m2 with 18 pipes and 400 mm long for each pipe.

PENGUKURAN SUHU PEMBAKARAN DI DALAM BOILER: PIROMETER AKUISTIK VS PIROMETER INFARED

Pirometer akuistik adalah salah satu jenis alat ukur suhu yang non-intrusive dan andal untuk digunakan didaerah yang memiliki temperatur yang tinggi, korosif dan kotor dibandingkan denganalat ukur jenis contact measurement. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibandingkan hasil pengukuran temperatur di daerah furnace exit gas temperatur (FEGT) dengan menggunakan pirometer akuistik(PA) dan pirometer infrared (IR) di boiler unit # 4 PLTU Suralaya. Hasil komparasi menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan pengukuran temperatur dengan menggunakan PA adalah 56°C atau 5%,

ANALISA KEGAGALAN PLATEN TUBE SUPERHEATER PLTU TELUK SIRIH

Superheater is a main part of boiler that serves as one of steam temperature riser after water evaporated by heat inside a boiler. The steam comes out from boiler drum, by utilizing hot air flowinside boiler. Superheater tube is a very important part of process inside the plant, with a high operating temperature of 540°C (in PLTU Teluk Sirih). Because of this, the tube will be maintained by inspection on each scheduled shutdown. Leakages often occur in platen tube of superheater, exactly at its bend or elbow tube. To know causes of the leakages of the part, we conducted observation analysis i.e., visual observation (metallographic testing), spectrometry and hardness test. From the metallographic test analysis, pearlite and ferrite phases present. At the leakage part, it could be observed the tube has lost much of pearlite phase caused by heating. Pearlite micro structure indicates hardness of a material. In spectrometry test of the leaked tube sample using ASTM SA213 T22 standard, value of carbon rises very high by 0.148 from normal value, 0.15 at maximum. We also obtained from it average hardness of 178 HB (ASTM standard). From analysis of the superheater platen tube, damage caused by abrasion of bad materials hit the tube and decreasing pearlite phase caused by temperature changes. Tiny parts of the tube that hit by steam fell eroded and over time the tube broken. Another thing we can conclude is burst of fire in boiler may cause thinning and tube leakage.

ANALISIS HEAD LOSSES PADA PENSTOCK UNIT III DI PERUM JASA TIRTA II UNIT JASA PEMBANGKIT PLTA IR. H. DJUANDA

One of the power plants in the labor system is hydropower, which is a power plant by utilizing water resources as its working fluid. In the operation of the hydropower requires high reliability sothat the energy production contuinitas to the load center or to the power system network can be more optimum. One of the components in the hydropower plant is penstock. Closed pipeline, whether it is laminar or turbulent, must have head losses. Head losses on penstock is a phenomenon of losses on the penstock so as to make the head value on the hydropower becomes reduced. At Penstock unit III PLTA Ir. H. Djuanda there are two phenomenon of head losses, namely: head losses major caused by friction penstock against water and minor head losses in the form of bend 900 with radius 4.375 m and 11.3 m from the axis penstock. Temperature changes affect the size of head losses, but they do not significantly affect penstock efficiency. At a temperature of 240C and a flow rate of 5m / s obtained a total head losses of 0606 m so as to make the potential of turbine inlet power down to 31,247 MW or 99.21%.

ANALISA KERUSAKAN RODA GIGI CACING PADA GEARBOX AIR PREHEATER PLTU UJP BANTEN 3 LONTAR UNIT 1

Pada PLTU UJP Banten 3 Lontar terjadi kerusakan pada Roda Gigi Miring dalam Gearbox, dimana benda tersebut patah yang menyebabkan unit 1 berhenti beroperasi. Dari segi pengamatan visual yang terjadi dikarenakan benda kelelahan kerja, gap yang tidak merata sehingga Air Preheater bekerja dengan gesekan yang besar antara elemen yang berputar dengan seal perapat. Tidak maksimalnya putaran elemen dan motor terus memberi beban putaran, sehingga roda gigi terjadi deformasi fracture fatigue, dengan dibuktikan dari hasil pengamatan visual, uji komposisi kimia yang masih sesuai dengan standar ASTM A291, uji kekerasan sebesar 264 HB dan 282 HB diatas standar ASTM A291 sebesar 223-263 HB, uji metalografi menunjukan fasa martensit yang tidak seragam, dan SEM-EDX melihat morfologi mikrostruktur pada permukaan poros, yaitu pada beachmark, rubbings, dan rekahan akhir.