scholarly journals Alternative methods of fuel consumption metering based on the on-board diagnostics outputs

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Jiří Čupera ◽  
Miroslav Havlíček
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Torque Measurement

The article describes alternative methods of fuel consumption measurement based on model with using the diagnostic outputs of engine control unit. On-board diagnosis (the second level, known as OBD-2) has been mandated by government regulation because of advanced damage control systems in newer cars. However, its signals can be used for accurate analyses of power or torque measurement. On-board diagnostics offers many various parameters such a spark advance, intake air temperature, coolant temperature, throttle position, air flow mass and so on. Many of them have been unavailable without using sophisticated and expensive instrumentation. In the article are described two ways of fuel consumption measuring which are based on intake air consumption and knowledge about air-fuel ratio. First of them is founded on voltage output of oxygen sensor, the second on short (long) term fuel trim. As is shown at the end the second way gives more accurately results.

15 years experience with 615 homograft and autograft aortic valve replacements

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Wain ◽  
R. Greco ◽  
A. Ignegeri ◽  
E. Bodnar ◽  
D.N. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Homograft Valve ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Homograft valve replacement of the diseased aortic valve with a homologous aortic valve inserted in the sub-coronary position was first performed in July 1962 (Ross 1962). The procedure of transferring the patients autologous pulmonary valve to the aortic position has been used since 1967 (Ross 1967). The long term performance of homograft valves has not been regarded as satisfactory in some centres (Cope-land 1977, Anderson & Hancock 1977) whereas others have shown it to be an excellent valve replacement (Barratt-Boyes, 1977, Bodnar et al 1979). The differing experiences may be the results of alternative methods of sterilization, preservation and surgical insertion. This paper presents information on isolated aortic valve replacements with either homograft or autograft valves over a 15 year period.

scholarly journals Accelerated partial breast irradiation by brachytherapy: present evidence and future developments

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 743-752
Author(s):  
Razvan Galalae ◽  
Jean-Michel Hannoun-Lévi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation ◽  
Partial Breast Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Toxicity ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Breast Irradiation ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Conventionally Fractionated ◽  
3D Crt

Abstract Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) delivers a short course of adjuvant RT after breast conserving surgery to only a limited part of the breast where the tumor was located. This procedure requires expertise, good communication, and close collaboration between specialized surgeons and attending radiation oncologists with adequate intraoperative tumor bed clip marking. However, APBI offers several intrinsic benefits when compared with whole breast irradiation (WBIR) including reduced treatment time (1 versus 4–6 weeks) and better sparing of surrounding healthy tissues. The present publication reviews the APBI level 1-evidence provided with various radiation techniques supplemented by long-term experience obtained from large multi-institutional phase II studies. Additionally, it offers an outlook on recent research with ultra-short or single-fraction APBI courses and new brachytherapy sources. Mature data from three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) clearly prove the noninferiority of APBI with ‘only two techniques—1/MIBT (multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy) (two trials) and 2/intensity modulated radiotherapy (one trial)’—in terms of equivalent local control/overall survival to the previous standard ‘conventionally fractionated WBIR’. However, MIBT-APBI techniques were superior in both toxicity and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) versus WBIR at long-term follow-up. Currently, in RCT-setting, alternative APBI techniques such as intraoperative electrons, 50-kV x-rays and three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy (3D-CRT) failed to demonstrate noninferiority to conventionally fractionated WBIR. However, 3D-CRT-APBI compared noninferior to hypo-fractionated WBIR in preventing ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (randomized RAPID-trial) but was associated with a higher rate of late radiation toxicity. Ultimately, MIBT remains the only APBI modality with noninferior survival/superior toxicity/PROs at 10-years and therefore should be prioritized over alternative methods in patients with breast cancer considered at low-risk for local recurrence according to recent international guidelines.

LV100 AIPS Technology—For Future Army Propulsion

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Brockett ◽  
Angelo Koschier
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Armored Vehicle ◽  
And Control

The overall design of and Advanced Integrated Propulsion System (AIPS), powered by an LV100 gas turbine engine, is presented along with major test accomplishments. AIPS was a demonstrator program that included design, fabrication, and test of an advanced rear drive powerpack for application in a future heavy armored vehicle (54.4 tonnes gross weight). The AIPS design achieved significant improvements in volume, performance, fuel consumption, reliability/durability, weight and signature reduction. Major components of AIPS included the recuperated LV100 turbine engine, a hydrokinetic transmission, final drives, self-cleaning air filtration (SCAF), cooling system, signature reduction systems, electrical and hydraulic components, and control systems with diagnostics/prognostics and maintainability features.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENERAPAN SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN TERHADAP KINERJA DAN PENERIMAAN RETRIBUSI PARKIR DI DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KOTA MANADO

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio V. Munaiseche ◽  
Ventje Ilat ◽  
Robert Lambey
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

Internal control systems are needed for every government agency from planning, supervision, to accountability, must be carried out in an orderly, controlled, efficient and effective. So that the performance of government agencies is directed and reaches the goal. This study aims to determine whether the implementation of the internal control system on the performance and retribution parking income at the Manado city transportation office is adequate or inadequate. This research method is a qualitative descriptive study. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be seen that the internal control system on the performance and retribution  parking income at Transportation department of at Manado city has been "adequate and effective" because the procedure for retribution parking income have elements of internal control, namely the proper delegation of authority and responsibility. the separation of functions, recording carried out accurately and on time, the documents used contain clear and reliable information and are carried out continuously. The target achievement of the 2016-2017  is effective and the performance had been in accordance with government regulation number 60 of 2008 concerning the government's internal control system.Keywords: Government Internal Control System, Performance, Income Parking Retribution

scholarly journals Pengaruh Strategi Bisnis Terhadap Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen – Studi pada BUMN Kategori Industri Strategis di Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Karsam Karsam
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Management Control System ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Survey Results

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of business strategy for management control system. The study was carried out on twelve state-owned enterprises strategic industries (BUMNIS) in Indonesia between 2015 and 2016. The studied BUMNIS were selected based on criteria. The data was collected from questionaires that filled by top managements, the board of directors and internal control unit staff. In total, there were sixty respondents and 100% respondent rate. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with PLS approach was used to analysis the survey results. This study demonstrates that business strategy has an impact on management control systems of studied BUMNIS.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSALITY OF CO2 EMISSIONS, CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA IN 1990-2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Melati Intan Kurnia ◽  
Hadi Sasana ◽  
Yustirania Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption

<p><em>Increasing economic growth will spark against increased energy consumption. But on the other hand, increasing economic growth will also trigger the occurrence of natural damage and degradation of environmental quality derived from CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions are caused by oxidation process of fossil fuel energy. This research aims to know the causality relationship between CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption, and economic growth in Indonesia, as well as long-term relationship between CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption, to economic growth in Indonesia in 1990 – 2019. The used data is the secondary data that is in the form of data time series. The dependent variables of this study are economic growth, while independent variables are CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption. The method that is used in this study is Vector Error Correction Model. The results showed that there was a one-way causality between economic growth and fossil fuel consumption, and between electricity consumption and CO2 emissions. The research also shows that on long-term CO2 emissions has a negative influence, while the consumption of fossil fuels and electricity has a positive effect on Indonesia's economic growth in 1990-2019.</em></p><p><strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>eywords</em></strong><em>: CO2, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth.</em></p>

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