scholarly journals Compensations for the losses caused by bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Pospíšil ◽  
Zdeněk Pospíšil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Specified Risk Material ◽  
Additional Costs

Since 2001 when the first case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was identified in the Czech Republic, a total of 27 infected cows have been detected. A single outbreak of BSE in 2007 confirms that, in the Czech Republic, the disease incidence has a decreasing trend, which is in agreement with the situation in other EU countries. In order to conrol the disease and in the interests of human health protection, the killing of infected animals and related cohorts (groups of potentially infected animals), as well as eliminaton of specified risk material (SRM) were commenced. To reduce the negative impact of these measures on agricultural production it was possible, on the basis of the Veterinary Act No. 166/1999, to compensate the relevant costs to the farmers involved; these were covered by the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic from the budgedary chapter „General Treasury Administration“. Between the outbreak in 2001 and 2007, a total of 1 181 296 cows were examined and, based on the finding of 27 BSE-positive animals, 3 994 cows were subsequently slaughtered. BSE exa­mi­na­tion, killing and decontamination costs amounted to 18.9 million CZK, compensation costs for killed animals reached almost 163.9 million CZK and compensation for unaccomplished production accounted for over 13.6 million CZK. Together with other additional costs, the total financial compensations paid out during the period of BSE presence were almost 197 million CZK. The findings of this study are discussed and compared with rather sparse information available on the costs related to BSE abroad. The available data suggests that the compensations for BSE-related costs paid to farmers in the Czech Republic were proportional to those in the European Union, USA or Canada.

scholarly journals Expenses connected with disposing of animals with bovine spongiform encephalopathy in selected rendering plant in the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Richard Pospíšil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The State ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Cost

The first case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the Czech Republic appeared in 2001 and since that a total of 28 infected cows have been detected. Two outbreaks of BSE in 2007 and no di­sea­sed animal in 2008 confirms that, in the Czech Republic, the disease incidence has a decreasing trend, which is in an agreement with the situation in other EU countries. According to the Veterinary Act No. 166/1999, farmers with BSE disease are indemnified from the state budget. The state, therefore, significantly contributes to the prevention and mitigation of BSE and ensures epidemiologic health in our country. Between the outbreak in 2001 and 2008, a total of 1 311 473 cows were exa­mi­ned and, based on the finding of 28 BSE-positive animals, 4 022 cows were subsequently slaughtered. BSE examination, killing and decontamination costs amounted to 18.9 million CZK, compensation costs for killed animals reached almost 163.9 million CZK and compensation for unaccomplished production accounted for over 13.6 million CZK. Together with other additional costs, the total financial compensations paid out during the period of BSE presence were almost 198 million CZK. A se­pa­ra­te budget is proportioned to subsequent safe disposing of carcasses in rendering plants. The rendering plant “Asanace, spol. s r. o., Zichlinek“ was appointed by the State Veterinary Administration to perform the disposal of carcasses. Since the beginning of 2003 to 2008, 22 cases of BSE were reported and 3 572 cows were killed and destroyed there, what represents 2 221 tons of material . The cost of processing of 1 kg of waste material ranged from 3.50 CZK to 6.50 CZK, total costs reached 9.315 thousand CZK. The final product – meat and bone meal – was incinerated in a cement factories at a cost of 1 CZK per 1 kg between years 2003–2006, now it is free of charge. This study does not include costs of disposal of Specific Risk Material, because it is covered by slaughter houses, that are the source of this material.

scholarly journals Financial Compensations for Losses Due to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in the Czech Republic in 2001-2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pospíšil ◽  
Z. Pospíšil ◽  
D. Zendulková ◽  
P. Lány
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Beef Producers ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Ministry Of Finance

Based on Czech legislature, the farmers whose herds were affected by bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) are reimbursed for the costs associated with disease diagnosis, killing the animals and safely disposing of their carcasses, decontamination of their premises, if necessary, and compensations for the value of the animals killed and for losses due to non-materialised production. Between 2001 and 2007, a total of 1,194,743 were examined for BSE, 27 BSEpositive cases were detected and, consequently, 3,997 animals were killed and destroyed. To reduce the negative economic impact on agricultural production, farmers were compensated for selected cost items by the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic from the state budget. The costs of examination for BSE, killing of animals and destroying their carcasses, and decontamination of farms were CZK 18.9 million (9.7%), compensations for the value of the animals killed amounted to almost CZK 164.0 million (83.3%) and compensations for nonmaterialised production reached almost CZK 13.6 million (6.9%). Together with some additional costs, the total of reimbursements during the period of 2001–2007 in the Czech Republic was almost CZK 197 million. These results are discussed in comparison to rather scarce data in the international literature which reports only the total costs associated with BSE occurrence and not individual cost items by which cattle and beef producers are burdened.

scholarly journals Main principles of compensation to breeders with the occurence of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in breeding cattle and with regards to their disbursement

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Richard Pospíšil
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Financial Compensation ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
In Series ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

Mad cow disease first appeared in the 80´s of last century and has gradually spread in series to high breeding countries, incurring major breeding and economic loses. In June of 2001, the disease was first doccumented in the Czech Republic and by year end 2006, there were discovered 26 cases. In accor­dance to the broader conception of the Common agricultural policy od the European Union, whose one pillar is pillar in the protection of agricultural industry, the European Union has paid breeders in particular EU states with financial compensation, which are the boundaries of the EU budget. For this purpose, there was established in the Czech Republic legal assignment for the distribution of this compensation, and this is reflected in act No. 166/1999, veterinary act and act No. 147/2006. Financial compensation will be paid by the Czech Republic´s Minister of finance after the proposed approval by the Minister of Agriculture and the State Veterinary Administration. Submitted work will deal the majority of compensation to breeders with the occurence of BSE in breeding cattle and with regards to their disbursement.

scholarly journals Costs related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy control in the Czech Republic in 2001–2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
R. Pospíšil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Disease Eradication ◽  
Carcass Disposal ◽  
Positive Animal

This paper pays attention to and analyses two of the economic impacts of the BSE occurrence in the Czech Republic, namely the financial compensations to the farmers whose herds had been affected and the costs of animal killing and carcass disposal in the rendering plant. Between February 2001 and the end of June 2008, a total of 1 263 749 cows were examined and 28 cases of the BSE were detected. Consequently, 4 022 cows in cohorts were killed and their carcasses were safely disposed of. The farmers whose herds had been affected were provided compensations for the losses suffered. The total of the compensations in this period reached CZK 198,413 thousand. Of these, 83.3% (CZK 164.9 million) were compensations for the value of the killed animals, 9.7% (CZK 19.2 million) for the related costs, i.e., killing, safe disposal of carcasses and the examination for the BSE, and 6.9% (CZK 13.5 million) for the losses due to non-materialised production. The average costs per 1 BSE-positive animal were CZK 7.08 million and the average costs per 1 cohort animal were CZK 49 331. In the rendering plant responsible for killing the infected and cohort animals and safely disposing of their carcasses, the total of 2 221 tons of raw material was processed between March 2003 and February 2008, and this cost CZK 9 315 thousand. The fact that there were only two cases of the BSE in 2007 and none in 2008 suggests a trend towards the disease eradication, which is in agreement with the situation in the other EU countries.

Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Onderco
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Joint Procurement ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter focuses on defence transformations in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary since the end of the cold war. The three lesser powers of Central Europe all eventually joined NATO and the European Union, following the fall of the Iron Curtain. The process they underwent completely transformed their security strategies and military doctrines, but the plans to transform their military forces have developed slowly, and the actual process has been interrupted and incomplete. This chapter addresses the development of civil–military relations, the main milestones in the development of the respective states’ national security policies, and the main changes in the structure of military forces in each of these countries. Finally, the chapter looks at the nascent trends towards military cooperation between the three countries, including military sharing and joint procurement.

scholarly journals Operational USLE-Based Modelling of Soil Erosion in Czech Republic, Austria, and Bavaria—Differences in Model Adaptation, Parametrization, and Data Availability

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3647
Author(s):  
Peter Fiener ◽  
Tomáš Dostál ◽  
Josef Krása ◽  
Elmar Schmaltz ◽  
Peter Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Implementation Techniques ◽  
Consistent Method

In the European Union, soil erosion is identified as one of the main environmental threats, addressed with a variety of rules and regulations for soil and water conservation. The by far most often officially used tool to determine soil erosion is the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its regional adaptions. The aim of this study is to use three different regional USLE-based approaches in three different test catchments in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Austria to determine differences in model results and compare these with the revised USLE-base European soil erosion map. The different regional model adaptations and implementation techniques result in substantial differences in test catchment specific mean erosion (up to 75% difference). Much more pronounced differences were modelled for individual fields. The comparison of the region-specific USLE approaches with the revised USLE-base European erosion map underlines the problems and limitations of harmonization procedures. The EU map limits the range of modelled erosion and overall shows a substantially lower mean erosion compared to all region-specific approaches. In general, the results indicate that even if many EU countries use USLE technology as basis for soil conservation planning, a truly consistent method does not exist, and more efforts are needed to homogenize the different methods without losing the USLE-specific knowledge developed in the different regions over the last decades.

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