scholarly journals Costs related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy control in the Czech Republic in 2001–2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
R. Pospíšil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Disease Eradication ◽  
Carcass Disposal ◽  
Positive Animal

This paper pays attention to and analyses two of the economic impacts of the BSE occurrence in the Czech Republic, namely the financial compensations to the farmers whose herds had been affected and the costs of animal killing and carcass disposal in the rendering plant. Between February 2001 and the end of June 2008, a total of 1 263 749 cows were examined and 28 cases of the BSE were detected. Consequently, 4 022 cows in cohorts were killed and their carcasses were safely disposed of. The farmers whose herds had been affected were provided compensations for the losses suffered. The total of the compensations in this period reached CZK 198,413 thousand. Of these, 83.3% (CZK 164.9 million) were compensations for the value of the killed animals, 9.7% (CZK 19.2 million) for the related costs, i.e., killing, safe disposal of carcasses and the examination for the BSE, and 6.9% (CZK 13.5 million) for the losses due to non-materialised production. The average costs per 1 BSE-positive animal were CZK 7.08 million and the average costs per 1 cohort animal were CZK 49 331. In the rendering plant responsible for killing the infected and cohort animals and safely disposing of their carcasses, the total of 2 221 tons of raw material was processed between March 2003 and February 2008, and this cost CZK 9 315 thousand. The fact that there were only two cases of the BSE in 2007 and none in 2008 suggests a trend towards the disease eradication, which is in agreement with the situation in the other EU countries.

scholarly journals Expenses connected with disposing of animals with bovine spongiform encephalopathy in selected rendering plant in the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Richard Pospíšil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The State ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Cost

The first case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the Czech Republic appeared in 2001 and since that a total of 28 infected cows have been detected. Two outbreaks of BSE in 2007 and no di­sea­sed animal in 2008 confirms that, in the Czech Republic, the disease incidence has a decreasing trend, which is in an agreement with the situation in other EU countries. According to the Veterinary Act No. 166/1999, farmers with BSE disease are indemnified from the state budget. The state, therefore, significantly contributes to the prevention and mitigation of BSE and ensures epidemiologic health in our country. Between the outbreak in 2001 and 2008, a total of 1 311 473 cows were exa­mi­ned and, based on the finding of 28 BSE-positive animals, 4 022 cows were subsequently slaughtered. BSE examination, killing and decontamination costs amounted to 18.9 million CZK, compensation costs for killed animals reached almost 163.9 million CZK and compensation for unaccomplished production accounted for over 13.6 million CZK. Together with other additional costs, the total financial compensations paid out during the period of BSE presence were almost 198 million CZK. A se­pa­ra­te budget is proportioned to subsequent safe disposing of carcasses in rendering plants. The rendering plant “Asanace, spol. s r. o., Zichlinek“ was appointed by the State Veterinary Administration to perform the disposal of carcasses. Since the beginning of 2003 to 2008, 22 cases of BSE were reported and 3 572 cows were killed and destroyed there, what represents 2 221 tons of material . The cost of processing of 1 kg of waste material ranged from 3.50 CZK to 6.50 CZK, total costs reached 9.315 thousand CZK. The final product – meat and bone meal – was incinerated in a cement factories at a cost of 1 CZK per 1 kg between years 2003–2006, now it is free of charge. This study does not include costs of disposal of Specific Risk Material, because it is covered by slaughter houses, that are the source of this material.

scholarly journals Compensations for the losses caused by bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Pospíšil ◽  
Zdeněk Pospíšil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Specified Risk Material ◽  
Additional Costs

Since 2001 when the first case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was identified in the Czech Republic, a total of 27 infected cows have been detected. A single outbreak of BSE in 2007 confirms that, in the Czech Republic, the disease incidence has a decreasing trend, which is in agreement with the situation in other EU countries. In order to conrol the disease and in the interests of human health protection, the killing of infected animals and related cohorts (groups of potentially infected animals), as well as eliminaton of specified risk material (SRM) were commenced. To reduce the negative impact of these measures on agricultural production it was possible, on the basis of the Veterinary Act No. 166/1999, to compensate the relevant costs to the farmers involved; these were covered by the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic from the budgedary chapter „General Treasury Administration“. Between the outbreak in 2001 and 2007, a total of 1 181 296 cows were examined and, based on the finding of 27 BSE-positive animals, 3 994 cows were subsequently slaughtered. BSE exa­mi­na­tion, killing and decontamination costs amounted to 18.9 million CZK, compensation costs for killed animals reached almost 163.9 million CZK and compensation for unaccomplished production accounted for over 13.6 million CZK. Together with other additional costs, the total financial compensations paid out during the period of BSE presence were almost 197 million CZK. The findings of this study are discussed and compared with rather sparse information available on the costs related to BSE abroad. The available data suggests that the compensations for BSE-related costs paid to farmers in the Czech Republic were proportional to those in the European Union, USA or Canada.

scholarly journals Financial Compensations for Losses Due to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in the Czech Republic in 2001-2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pospíšil ◽  
Z. Pospíšil ◽  
D. Zendulková ◽  
P. Lány
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Beef Producers ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Ministry Of Finance

Based on Czech legislature, the farmers whose herds were affected by bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) are reimbursed for the costs associated with disease diagnosis, killing the animals and safely disposing of their carcasses, decontamination of their premises, if necessary, and compensations for the value of the animals killed and for losses due to non-materialised production. Between 2001 and 2007, a total of 1,194,743 were examined for BSE, 27 BSEpositive cases were detected and, consequently, 3,997 animals were killed and destroyed. To reduce the negative economic impact on agricultural production, farmers were compensated for selected cost items by the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic from the state budget. The costs of examination for BSE, killing of animals and destroying their carcasses, and decontamination of farms were CZK 18.9 million (9.7%), compensations for the value of the animals killed amounted to almost CZK 164.0 million (83.3%) and compensations for nonmaterialised production reached almost CZK 13.6 million (6.9%). Together with some additional costs, the total of reimbursements during the period of 2001–2007 in the Czech Republic was almost CZK 197 million. These results are discussed in comparison to rather scarce data in the international literature which reports only the total costs associated with BSE occurrence and not individual cost items by which cattle and beef producers are burdened.

scholarly journals Ground beetles (Carabidae) from slopes of Macošská stráň and Vilémovická stráň (Protected landscape area of Moravský kras, Czech Republic)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Niedobová ◽  
Vladimír Hula ◽  
Pavla Šťastná
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Red List ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Group A

Collecting of Carabidae was conducted using pitfall traps at four sites. The first two sites (T1 + T2) were at the slope of Macošská stráň and the other two sites (T3 + T4) at the slope of Vilémovická stráň. The study was done in 2008 and 2009. At Macošská stráň in 2008, 21 species of Carabidae with the total number of 228 individuals were found and in 2009, 18 species of the total number of 116 specimens were collected. At Vilémovická stráň in 2008, 22 species of Carabidae with the total number of 1977 specimens were found and in 2009, 21 species of the total number of 623 specimens were caught. In terms of classification of relictness, Macošská stráň in 2008 was dominated by species of adaptable group A (60%), species of eurytop group (E) were represented by 35% and of relic group (R) by 5%. In 2009, the same representation of species of groups A and E (47%) were found and the species of group R were represented by 6%. Vilémovická stráň in 2008 was dominated by species of group A (52%), species of group E were represented by 43% and of group R by 5%. In 2009 also dominated species of group A (54%), species of group E were represented by 41% and of group R by 5%. In the studied area we reported four endangered species of Carabidae protected by Law (No. 395/1992 Coll.) as amended, these were Calosoma auropunctatum (critically endangered), Brachinus crepitans, Carabus ullrichii and Cicindela campestris (endangered) and two species listed under the Red List of Threatened Species of the Czech Republic (Veselý et al., 2005). One of the species is listed as vulnerable (Calosoma auropunctatum) and one as near endangered (Carabus cancellatus). Another significant species found on the monitored sites was Aptinus bombarda.

scholarly journals Spiders of the Vine Plants in Southern Moravia

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1471-1476
Author(s):  
Lucie Havlová ◽  
Vladimír Hula ◽  
Jana Niedobová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Red List ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Southern Moravia ◽  
Different Parts

Araneofauna of vineyards is relatively known in Central Europe but we have a lack of knowledge about araneofauna which occur directly on the vine plants. Our investigation was focused on spiders which live on vine plants, especially on the vine plants trunks. We investigated spiders in six vineyards in southern Moravia (Šatov, Mikulov, Popice, Morkůvky, Nosislav and Blučina). Vineyards were under different soil management, traps were placed on different parts of particular locality (terraced and plain) and all localities were under integrated pest management. We employed two types of cardboard traps for spider collecting during whole vegetation season. Altogether, we collected 21 spider species which belong to seven families. The most important species was Marpissa nivoyi (Lucas, 1836), which is mentioned in the Red List as vulnerable (VU) and Sibianor tantulus (Simon, 1868) which had unknown distribution in the Czech Republic. The other very interesting result is that the most common species is myrmecomorph Synageles venator (Lucas, 1836), which is scarcely recorded in such huge numbers as we documented in our study.

Protistátní trestné činy v moderních kodifikacích

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kolumber
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Atlantic Area ◽  
Current Arrangement

The contribution “Anti-state Crimes in Modern Codifications” deals with the topic of anti-state crimes during centuries. Firstly, legal concepts in the pre-state period are mentioned. Then the attention is paid on the evolution of this institute in the Euro-Atlantic area. From this point of view, there are mentioned mainly regulations from England (1351), France (1810), Germany (1871) and Soviet Union (1958) which could be remarked as the most important for the development of other countries. On the other hand, it also reminds the development of codifications in Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, which were affected by the Austro-Hungarian legislations as well as German and Soviet approaches. The Czech current arrangement generally does not depart from the other European samples, but it cannot be omitted that in the Czech Republic it is distinguished the penal concept of the high treason (Landesverrat, vlastizrada) from the constitutional concept (Hochverrat, velezrada) which is dedicated to the presidential anti-state activities. The contribution also indicates that the concept of anti-state crimes in countries has not been unified and it has been varying according to various experiences and attitudes.

scholarly journals The Fluvisol and sediment trace element contamination level as related to their geogenic and anthropogenic source  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vácha ◽  
M. Sáňka ◽  
O. Sáňka ◽  
J. Skála ◽  
J. Čechmánková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Soil Load ◽  
Definition Of

The upper values of the extractability of trace elements (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in 2 mol/L HNO<sub>3</sub> and 0.025 mol/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (compared with their pseudototal content in aqua regia) for determination of prevailing anthropogenic and geogenic soil load were proposed and compared with the results of the other 30 Fluvisol samples collected from the Labe fluvial zone. The increased geogenic load of Fluvisols was confirmed in the case of Be and As in some localities where low extractability with increased pseudototal contents were detected as opposed to the other elements when their increased pseudototal contents were followed by their increased extractability. The maps of probability of increased geogenic soil load in the area of the Czech Republic based on the comparison of geological substrates and trace element load were constructed. The combination of proposed elements extractability values for geogenic load together with developed maps is a suitable tool for the definition of prevailing Fluvisol or sediment load on some localities in the whole area of the Czech Republic. The results can be also a useful tool in the decision making processes regarding dredged sediment application on agricultural soil (support tool for legislative norms, Direction No. 257/2009 Sb.).

scholarly journals  Faecal shedding of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in cattle in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Alexa ◽  
L. Konstantinova ◽  
Z. Sramkova-Zajacova
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Somatic Antigen ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
One Year

A survey to estimate the prevalence of verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) or enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in rectal swabs from healthy dairy cattle aged three weeks, three months and one year was conducted in three herds from the Czech Republic. Screening for the presence of the stx1, stx2 and eaeA genes in faecal swab cultures was performed by PCR, and in positive samples, isolated colonies were examined. Immunomagnetic separation was used for the isolation of the VTEC serogroup O157 from samples. VTEC were detected in animals from all three herds under study. In the group of 3-week-old calves, VTEC were only detected in samples collected in the summer months. However, in the other age-groups, VTEC were detected in both the summer and winter months. EHEC shedding was observed in 30 to 100% of the total samples collected from cattle aged three months and one year in the summer months, and in 30 to 60% of samples taken in the winter months. EHEC strains of serogroup O157 were detected in two herds. The range of verotoxins shed by VTEC isolates of serogroup O157 differed between herds. Besides serogroup O157, additional EHEC belonging to the antigen groups O26, O103, O128 and O153 have been identified, and in some of them, no somatic antigen was detected.

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