scholarly journals Effect of fertilization and harvest frequency on floristic composition and yields of meadow stand

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Raus ◽  
Pavel Knot ◽  
František Hrabě
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Floristic Characteristics ◽  
Exploitation Intensity

The effect of fertilization and the harvest frequency on production and floristic characteristics of a meadow stand were assessed in a small plot trial established in 2003 in Vatín, Vysočina Region, the Czech Republic. Four levels of fertilization (none; N0 + P30 + K60 kg∙ha−1; N90 + P30 + K60 kg∙ha−1; N180 + P30 + K60 kg∙ha−1) were combined with four treatments of exploitation intensity (4 cuts per year, first cut on 15th May, every next after 45 days; 3 cuts per year, first cut on 30th May, every next after 60 days; 2 cuts per year, first cut on 15th June, next after 90 days; 2 cuts per year, first cut on 30th June, next after 90 days). Production of dry matter and proportions of guilds (grasses, legumes, and other species) were evaluated. Data from 2009–2011 were used in this paper. Yields of the dry matter increased along with increasing amounts of nutrients supplied and ranged from 3.8 t∙ha−1 (non-fertilized) to 9.1 t∙ha−1 (N180PK). The nutrition level had a significant effect on spread of grasses, which reached maximal proportion of 52.3 % under N180PK fertilization compared to 42.1% on non-fertilized plots. On the contrary, legumes flourished well in treatments without N-supply, attaining proportion of 6.8 % and 5.1 % on PK-fertilized and non-fertilized plot, respectively. With regard to the exploitation intensity grasses profited from extensive management by contrast to the group of other species which reached its maximum in swards harvested four times a year. Proportions of legumes did not show significant dependence on the cutting frequency.

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic Fertilisers on the Floristic Composition of Grassland, Herbage Yield and Quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Mrázková ◽  
Hana Bilošová ◽  
Oldřich Látal ◽  
Jan Pozdíšek
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Plant Functional Groups ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Small Plot

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of organic fertilisers (cow manure + dung water; cattle slurry) applied in different annual doses of nitrogen (54 kg ha-1; 84 kg ha-1; 120 kg ha-1) according to 3 different intensities of grassland utilisation (extensive – 2 cuts per year, medium intensive – 3 cuts per year, intensive – 4 cuts per year) on percentage of plant functional groups (grasses, legumes, forbs), dry matter yield, and forage quality. The study was performed as a small-plot trial over 7 years on moderately moist grassland in the Czech Republic. The proportion of legumes was significantly higher in the fertilisation treatments with cow manure + dung-water combined with medium intensive utilisation and intensive utilisation (10.2% and 10.3%, respectively). Fertilisation significantly increased dry matter yields by 51.9 % (cow manure + dung water) and 56% (cattle slurry) compared to unfertilised controls (4.81 t ha-1). Grasslands fertilised with cattle slurry showed significantly higher concentration of crude protein (142.9 g kg-1) than unfertilised (126.4 g kg-1). Extensive grassland utilisation significantly increased crude fibre concentration (up to 282.1 g kg-1), and decreased the energy value (up to 4.68 MJ kg-1 of NEL). Organic matter digestibility was negatively influenced by extensive grassland utilisation (61.0%, 65.42 % and 67.44% for the extensive, medium intensive and intensive utilisation, respectively). Our findings suggest that medium intensive and intensive grassland utilisation using organic fertilisation which correspond to annual doses of nitrogen of 84 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1, are the most suitable for animal nutrition.

scholarly journals The effect of trophism level and exploitation intensity on the production characteristics of grassland community dominated by Festuca arundinacea Schreb.

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hrabě ◽  
P. Knot
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Grassland Community ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Cutting Intensity

In 2004&ndash;2009, a small-plot trial was conducted on permanent grassland dominated by Festuca arundinacea Schreb. on the mesohygrophytic site in order to evaluate effects of four levels of nutrition: F<sub>1</sub> = without NPK fertilization, F<sub>2 </sub>= P<sub>30</sub> + K<sub>60</sub>, F<sub>3</sub> = N90 + P<sub>30</sub> + K<sub>60</sub>, F<sub>4</sub> = N<sub>180</sub> + P<sub>30</sub> + K<sub>60</sub> kg/ha), four levels of cutting intensity (I<sub>1</sub>-4, I<sub>2</sub>-3, I<sub>3</sub>-2, early, I<sub>4</sub>-2, late cut) and their interactive influence, i.e. a total of 16 variants on the production of forage dry matter, production of crude protein (CD) and net energy of lactation (NEL) per hectare. The dominant influence of N-nutrition is documented by significant differences in forage dry matter (DM) production between the variants (with the exception of F<sub>1</sub>/F<sub>2</sub>) ranging from 4.41&ndash;4.80 to 8.44&ndash;9.83 t/ha. The effect of different exploitation level on the production is subdominant and no significant differences were found either in the production of forage DM<br />(I<sub>1</sub>-6.41 &ndash; I<sub>2</sub>-6.59 &ndash; I<sub>3</sub>-6.97 &ndash; I<sub>4</sub>-7.50 t/ha) or in the production of nutrients. Management models to be recommended for the given type of sward with respect to the interactive influence, efficacy of forage production and quality are as follows: (a) three cuts/180 kg N + PK/ha with forage suitable for dairy cows; (b) two cuts/90 kg N + PK/ha with forage suitable for cattle breeds kept for meat.

scholarly journals Effect of Cutting Pattern and Fertilization Level on Species Diversity and Evaluation of Grassland Quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093
Author(s):  
Josef Raus ◽  
Pavel Knot ◽  
Jiří Skládanka ◽  
Michal Kvasnovský ◽  
Martin Sochorec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Cutting Pattern ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Fertilization Level ◽  
Exploitation Intensity

The effects of fertilization level and cutting pattern on the species diversity and quality of a meadow stand were assessed in 2004–2012 in the small plot trial established in 2003 in Vatín, Vysočina Region, Czech Republic. Four levels of fertilization (none; N0 + P30 + K60 kg∙ha−1; N90 + P30 + K60 kg∙ha−1; N180 + P30 + K60 kg∙ha−1) were combined with four treatments of exploitation intensity (4 cuts per year, first cut on 15th May, every next after 45 days; 3 cuts per year, first cut on 30th May, every next after 60 days; 2 cuts per year, first cut on 15th June, next after 90 days; 2 cuts per year, first cut on 30th June, next after 90 days). Numbers of species, Simpson’s diversity index and evaluation of grassland quality according to Novák (2004) were evaluated. Numbers of species and Simpson’s diversity index were significantly affected by both fertilization level and cutting pattern. Species richness decreased along with increasing fertilization rates from 29.4 (no fertilization) to 27.8 (N180PK). When comparing cutting pattern treatments the highest species richness was found in four-cut swards (29.6 in average of fertilization levels) and it declines towards late double-cut regime (27.2). The Simpson’s index generally increased from two-cut swards to four-cut and from fertilized treatments to control. Grassland quality was significantly affected by cutting pattern. Values increased from four-cut swards (38.1) to two-cut ones (43.8 and 44.0 in early and late harvest respectively).

scholarly journals Effects of cutting frequency and fertilizer-N application on growth and production on guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq) sown pasture

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
C. C. Onyeonagu ◽  
J. E. Asiegbu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
N Rates

A study was conducted to determine the effects of cutting frequency and fertilizer-N rates on growth and production of guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq). The experiment was conducted in Nsukka, Nigeria. Treatments comprised four levels of fertilizer N (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg N ha ') and four cutting intervals (3, 6, 9 and 12 weekly intervals). Plant height, tiller number and herbage dry matter yields were significantly increased by 6%, 44% and 53%, respectively, during the establishment year when fertilizer-Nrate was increased from 0 to 450 kg N ha'. The extent of weed cover was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by 33% in 2000 when fertilizer-N rate was increased from 0 to 450 kg N ha'. Increase in interval between cuts from 3 to 12 weeks significantly (P < 0.05) increased plant height in all the years. Plant height was increased (P < 0.05) by 28% 34% and 28% in 2001, 2002 and 2004, respectively, when fertilizer N was increased from 0 to 450 kg ha'. Application of Nat 450 kg ha produced similar plant heights in 2001 with the 300 kg N ha' but differed from the 150 kg N ha'. Increase in nitrogen application progressively increased (P<0.05) plant height in 2002 and 2004. Key words: , , , 

Effects of cutting frequency and levels of nitrogen fertilizer on herbage yield of a guinea grass (Panicum maximum) pasture.

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-197
Author(s):  
C. C. Onyeonagu ◽  
J. E. Asiegbu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weekly Interval ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Four Levels

The effects of fertilizer-N application and cutting frequency on the herbage yield of Panicum maximum pasture were investigated in 2001 through 2004 in a sandy loam soil at Nsukka. The experiment was a 4r 4 factorial arrangement laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments comprised four levels of Nitrogen of 0, 150, 300, and 450 kg N ha' and four harvesting frequencies of 3-6-19- and 12-weekly intervals, resulting in süteen treatment combinations per block, Grass dry matter yield increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 7.799 to 10,993 kg ha' and from 5,715 to 14,220 kg ha' when the interval between cuts extended from 3 to 12 weeks at the first and fourth harvest years, respectively. Pasture plots cut at 3- or 6 weeks intervals exhibited much greater weed proportion than those cut at 9-, or 12-week interval. The total annual herbage dry matter yield increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 8.564 to 11,312 kg ha and from 6,814 to 10,268 in 2001 and 2004, respectively, when fertilizer N was increased from 0 to 450 kg N ha. A combination of 12-weekly interval of cut with 300 kg N ha gave a significantly higher forage grass herbage dry matter yield compared with the values got from 3- or 6-weekly interval combined with any N rate. Fertilizing at 300-450 kg N ha when combined with cutting at 9 to 12-weekly interval bet ween citts was more effective in suppressing growth and proportion of weeds.    

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Botanical Composition of Grassland, Herbage Yield and Quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Marie Štýbnarová ◽  
Pavlína Mičová ◽  
Karel Fiala ◽  
Hana Karabcová ◽  
Oldřich Látal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Functional Groups ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Small Plot

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effects of organicfertilizers (cow manure + dung water; cattle slurry) applied in different annual doses of nitrogen (54, 84 and 120 kg/ha) by different intensities of grassland utilization (extensive – two cuts per year, medium intensive – three cuts per year, intensive – four cuts per year) on percentage of plant functional groups, dry matter yield, and forage quality. The study was performed on small-plot trial over 7 years on moderately moist grassland in the Czech Republic. The proportion of legumes was significantly higher in the treatments fertilized with cow manure + dung-water combined with medium intensive utilization and intensive utilization (10.2% and 10.3%, respectively). Fertilization significantly increased dry matter yields by 51.9% (cow manure + dung water) and 56% (cattle slurry) compared with unfertilized controls (4.81 t/ha). Grasslands fertilized with cattle slurry showed significantly higher concentration of crude protein (142.9 g/kg) compared with unfertilized (126.4 g/kg). Extensive grassland utilization significantly affected the increase of crude fibre concentration (up to 282.1 g/kg), and decrease of the energy value (up to 4.68 MJ g/kg of NEL). Organic matter digestibility was also negatively influenced by extensive grassland utilization (61.0%, 65.42% and 67.44% for the extensive, medium intensive and intensive utilization, respectively). Our findings suggested that medium intensive and intensive grassland utilization by the organic fertilization, which corresponded to annual doses of nitrogen of 84 and 120 kg/ha were the most suitable from the viewpoint of animal nutrition.

scholarly journals Scaling issues in the interpretation of dry matter yield differences among perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
David F. Chapman ◽  
Gerald P. Cosgrove ◽  
Barbara Kuhn-Sherlock ◽  
David R. Stevens ◽  
Julia M. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
Large Plot ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
The Difference

Perennial ryegrass breeding is estimated to be delivering rates of genetic gain in dry matter (DM) yield of 50–60 kg DM/ha per year of breeding effort. These estimates are based on DM yield data from tightly managed small-plot trials which are not necessarily representative of typical farm management. To assess the possible realised (on-farm) DMY gains from breeding, seasonal DMY data were collected contemporaneously at two ‘scales’ of evaluation for eight perennial ryegrass cultivars over a total of 14 seasons (comprising 5 ‘seasons’ in each of three years excluding the first winter) in each of four regions. The scales were denoted ‘small plot’ (SP, 10 m2, perennial ryegrass monocultures only) and ‘large plot’ (LP, 65–90 m2, subject to more intensive dairy cattle grazing and including all combinations of two nitrogen fertiliser rates with or without white clover as treatments). Relationships between DMY measured in SP versus LP were statistically significant (P<0.001) for all combinations of region, N fertiliser level and clover presence/absence, indicating good general agreement in cultivar performance trends. However, the slope of the relationship (range 0.492 to 1.171, mean 0.733) was significantly less than 1 in three-quarters of the region by treatment combinations. The slope was closely and inversely related to the size of the difference in total N supply between and SP (N from fertiliser only) and LP (where N was supplied as fertiliser at a lower rate but included biological fixation): the smaller the difference in N supply between the two ‘scales’, the greater the slope. Estimated realised DMY differences between cultivar ranking positions on New Zealand dairy farms under future projected N fertiliser rates were in the range 0.7–0.8 of those predicted from the SP scale of evaluation.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Degradation of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Herbicides in Vegetables

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Miroslav Jursík ◽  
Kateřina Hamouzová ◽  
Jana Hajšlová
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Small Plot

(1) Background: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionates and cyclohexanediones are herbicides most widely used in dicot crops worldwide. The main objective of the study was to determine the dynamics of herbicide residues in carrot, lettuce, cauliflower, and onion in order to suggest a low level of residues in harvested vegetables. (2) Methods: Small plot field trials were carried out in four vegetables in the Czech Republic. The samples of vegetables were collected continuously during the growing season. Multiresidue methods for the determination of herbicide residues by LC-MS/MS were used. Non-linear models of degradation of individual herbicides in vegetables were calculated using the exponential decay formula. Action GAP pre-harvest intervals for the 25% and 50% maximum residue limit (MRL) and 10 µg kg−1 limit (baby food) were established for all tested herbicides. (3) Results: The degradation dynamics of fluazifop in carrot, onion, and cauliflower was significantly slower compared to quizalofop and haloxyfop. The highest amount (2796 µg kg−1) of fluazifop residues was detected in cauliflower 11 days after application. No residue of propaquizafop and cycloxydim was detected in any vegetable samples. (4) Conclusions: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate herbicide (except propaquizafop) could contaminate vegetables easily, especially vegetables with a short growing season. Vegetables treated with fluazifop are not suitable for baby food. Lettuce and cauliflower treated by quizalofop are not suitable for baby food, but in onion and carrot, quizalofop could be used. Propaquizafop and cycloxydim are prospective herbicides for non-residual (baby food) vegetable production.

scholarly journals Effect of Sulphur and GA3 on the Growth and Yield of Onion

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
MHA Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Bulb Yield

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effects of sulphur and GA3 on the growth and yield performance of onion cv. BARI Peaj-1. The experiment included four levels of sulphur viz., 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45 kg/ha and four concentrations of GA3 viz., 0 (control), 50, 75, 100 ppm. The experimental findings revealed that sulphur and GA3 had significant influence on plant height, number of leaves per plant, bulb diameter and length, individual bulb weight, splitted and rotten bulb, bulb dry matter content and bulb yield. The highest bulb yield (13.85 t/ha) was recorded from 30 kg S/ha, while the lowest bulb yield (11.20 t/ha) was obtained from control. Most of the parameters showed increasing trend with the higher concentration of GA3. Application of GA3 @ 100 ppm gave the maximum bulb yield (15.23 t/ha), while the minimum value (10.10 t/ha) was observed from control. Almost all the parameters were significantly influenced by combined treatments of sulphur and GA3 except bulb length of onion. The maximum bulb dry matter content (13.50%) and bulb yield (17.10 t/ha) were produced from the application of sulphur @ 30 kg/ha with 100ppm GA3, while the minimum bulb dry matter content (9.23%) and bulb yield (9.33 t/ha) were recorded from control treatment of sulphur with GA3.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16749 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 57 - 63, 2010

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