scholarly journals Inhibition by efferent nerve fibres: action on hair cells and afferent synaptic transmission in the lateral line canal organ of the burbot Lota lota.

1976 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Flock ◽  
I Russell
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Lota Lota ◽  
Lateral Line Canal

Extracellular Receptor Potentials from the Lateral-Line Organ of Xenopus Laevis

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
ALFONS B. A. KROESE ◽  
JOHAN M. VAN DER ZALM ◽  
JOEP VAN DEN BERCKEN
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Stimulus Amplitude ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Large Stimulus ◽  
Sensory Hair ◽  
Lateral Line Organ ◽  
Line Organ

1. The response of the epidermal lateral-line organ of Xenopus laevis to stimulation was studied by recording extracellular receptor potentials from the hair cells in single neuromasts in isolated preparations. One neuromast was stimulated by local, sinusoidal water movements induced by a glass sphere positioned at a short distance from the neuromast. 2. The amplitudes of the extracellular receptor potentials were proportional to the stimulus amplitude over a range of 20 dB. The phase of the extracellular receptor potentials with respect to water displacement was independent of the stimulus amplitude. 3. With large stimulus amplitude, and stimulus frequencies between 0.5 Hz and 2 Hz, the extracellular receptor potentials, and responses of single afferent nerve fibres, showed a phase lead of 1.2 π radians with respect to water displacement, i.e. they were almost in phase with water acceleration. 4. It is concluded that under conditions of stimulation with small-amplitude water movements, the hair cells respond to sensory hair displacement, whereas under conditions of stimulation with large-amplitude water movements they respond to sensory hair velocity.

scholarly journals Connectomics of the zebrafish's lateral-line neuromast reveals wiring and miswiring in a simple microcircuit

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliot Dow ◽  
Adrian Jacobo ◽  
Sajjad Hossain ◽  
Kimberly Siletti ◽  
A J Hudspeth
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Directional Sensitivity ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Polarity Gene

The lateral-line neuromast of the zebrafish displays a restricted, consistent pattern of innervation that facilitates the comparison of microcircuits across individuals, developmental stages, and genotypes. We used serial blockface scanning electron microscopy to determine from multiple specimens the neuromast connectome, a comprehensive set of connections between hair cells and afferent and efferent nerve fibers. This analysis delineated a complex but consistent wiring pattern with three striking characteristics: each nerve terminal is highly specific in receiving innervation from hair cells of a single directional sensitivity; the innervation is redundant; and the terminals manifest a hierarchy of dominance. Mutation of the canonical planar-cell-polarity gene vangl2, which decouples the asymmetric phenotypes of sibling hair-cell pairs, results in randomly positioned, randomly oriented sibling cells that nonetheless retain specific wiring. Because larvae that overexpress Notch exhibit uniformly oriented, uniformly innervating hair-cell siblings, wiring specificity is mediated by the Notch signaling pathway.

Inhibition of Spontaneous Lateral-Line Activity by Efferent Nerve Stimulation

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
I. J. RUSSELL ◽  
B. L. ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Afferent Activity ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Impulse Frequency ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Efferent nerve fibres innervating the lateral-line sense organs of the dogfish Scyliorhinus were stimulated with trains of stimuli while spontaneous afferent activity was monitored. 2. Significant changes in spontaneous impulse frequency could be produced when the efferent nerves were stimulated by trains of pulses at frequencies between 20-100 sec-1 lower stimulus frequencies had no visible effect. The impulse frequency decreased or was totally inhibited during the stimulus period and for 150-200 msec following it. The inhibitory effect was very variable and declined with repetitive stimulation. 3. Stimulation of the efferent nerves to inactive afferent units was followed after 500 msec by a brief low-frequency discharge.

The morphology of the pit organs and lateral line canal neuromasts of Mustelus antarcticus (Chondrichthyes: Triakidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith B. Peach ◽  
Gregory W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Lateral Line Canal ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Sensory Hairs ◽  
And Function ◽  
Scanning Electron

The pit organs (free neuromasts) of sharks are part of the lateral line sensory system, but there is still confusion about their exact morphology and function(s). This is partly because of reported physiological differences between the pit organs and the lateral line canal neuromasts, and partly because the morphology of pit organs has not been adequately documented. To compare their morphology, the pit organs and canal neuromasts of the gummy shark Mustelus antarcticus (Chondrichthyes: Triakidae) were examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Both pit organs and canal neuromasts had hair cells with the `staircase' arrangement of sensory hairs (stereovilli) characteristic of vertebrate mechanoreceptors. Stereovilli bundles of different sizes were distributed haphazardly throughout the pit organs and canal neuromasts. The density of hair cells was similar in the pit organs and canal neuromasts, but differences in the overall size and/or shape of the sensory epithelia might account for some of the reported differences in mechanosensitivity.

scholarly journals Connectomics of the zebrafish’s lateral-line neuromast reveals wiring and miswiring in a simple microcircuit

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliot Dow ◽  
Adrian Jacobo ◽  
Sajjad Hossain ◽  
Kimberly Siletti ◽  
A. J. Hudspeth
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Directional Sensitivity ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Polarity Gene

AbstractThe lateral-line neuromast of the zebrafish displays a restricted, consistent pattern of innervation that facilitates the comparison of microcircuits across individuals, developmental stages, and genotypes. We used serial blockface scanning electron microscopy to determine from multiple specimens the neuromast connectome, or comprehensive set of connections between hair cells and afferent and efferent nerve fibers. This analysis delineated a complex but consistent wiring pattern with three striking characteristics: each nerve terminal is highly specific in receiving innervation from hair cells of a single directional sensitivity; the innervation is redundant; and the terminals manifest a hierarchy of dominance. Mutation of the canonical planar-cell-polarity gene vangl2, which decouples the asymmetric phenotypes of sibling hair-cell pairs, results in randomly positioned, randomly oriented sibling cells that nonetheless retain specific wiring. Because larvae that overexpress Notch exhibit uniformly oriented, uniformly innervating hair-cell siblings, wiring specificity is mediated by the Notch signaling pathway.

The Role of the Lateral-Line Efferent System in Xenopus Laevis

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. RUSSELL
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Impulse Activity ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Efferent impulses have been recorded from branches of lateral-line nerves. The functional significance of the efferent innervation and its action on afferent impulse activity has been examined. 2. Neither mechanical stimulation of the lateral-line receptors nor electrical stimulation of afferent nerves excites lateral-line efferent activity. 3. Trains of efferent impulses accompany all active movements for their duration. In immobilized animals a close correlation exists between impulses in lateral-line efferent nerve fibres and motor impulses in ‘large’ nerves innervating ‘twitch’ muscles, but not with impulses in nerves innervating ‘slow’ muscles. A close similarity also exists between impulse activity in different lateral-line efferent fibres. 4. Whereas electrical stimulation of ascending tracts in the spinal cord fails to excite lateral-line efferent fibres, stimulation of the spinal cord in the region of descending reticular motor axons causes efferent impulses to follow each pulse after brief, constant, latencies. It is suggested that the efferent neurones may be innervated by axon collaterals from reticular cells. 5. Electrical stimulation of efferent fibres innervating a lateral-line receptor produces transitory inhibition of impulse activity in the afferent nerve fibres. The inhibition has a long variable latency (11-30 ms) and persists for 40-60 ms. Upon cessation of inhibition, caused by a train of efferent impulses, afferent impulses reappear at an accelerated frequency (after-discharge), and quickly return to resting frequency. 6. A role of the lateral-line efferent neurones during active movement is discussed.

The fine structure of the lateral-line sense organs of dogfish

1971 ◽  
Vol 179 (1055) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Sensory Cell ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Efferent Nerve

The sense organs of the body lateral-line canals of Scyliorhinus were examined with the electron microscope and shown to consist of supporting cells and two kinds of sensory cell. One type of sensory cell has the well-known structure of hair cells, bearing on its apical surface a group of stereocilia (6 to 25) associated with a single kinocilium. Each hair cell is innervated by a sensory nerve fibre and some also receive an efferent nerve supply. The second kind of sensory cell is similar in appearance, but differs at the apex in containing many vacuoles and in lacking stereocilia. There are many long microvilli and a single cilium which arises from a shallow pit. The internal structure of this cilium is variable, with the number of tubules in the outer ring ranging between 7 and 9 and with the inner pair consisting of double elements. This type of sensory cell is innervated by sensory nerve fibres and possibly by efferent fibres. The situation of the kinocilium of a hair cell in relation to the stereocilia is more variable than has been described in other hair cells while the cilium of the second sensory cell appears to bear no special relation to the microvilli. The accessory cells of the neuromast include basal and peripheral supporting cells, many of which produce a secretion, and a large secretory cell which is found at intervals at the edge of the organ. This cell has a convoluted surface and is full of vesicles.

scholarly journals Anion Exchanger 1b in Stereocilia Is Required for the Functioning of Mechanotransducer Channels in Lateral-Line Hair Cells of Zebrafish

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e0117041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Giun-Yi Hung ◽  
Liang-Chun Wu ◽  
Sheng-Wen Chen ◽  
Li-Yih Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Anion Exchanger
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