scholarly journals Hyaluronan viscosupplementation: state of the art and insight into the novel cooperative hybrid complexes based on high and low molecular weight HA of potential interest in osteoarthritis treatment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Schiraldi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Potential Interest ◽  
Osteoarthritis Treatment ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Hybrid Complexes

Absorption of trace metals in the zinc-deficient rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Hahn ◽  
GW Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Body Absorption ◽  
Insight Into

The effects of zinc deficiency on the whole-body absorption and intestinal content of Zn, Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, and Cr were determined in the rat 1 h after oral administration of the isotopes. Both the absorption and intestinal content of Zn and Cr were increased in zinc-deficient rats, and the intestinal content of Feand Co was also increased in the zinc-deficient animals. Zinc administered orally with Cr decreased both absorption and intestinal content of the isotope in zinc-deficient rats. Chromium administered orally with Zn decreased intestinal content and absorption of Zn in zinc-deficient rats. Fractionation of mucosal supernatants by gel filtration showed that both zinc and chromium eluted in the same low molecular weight fraction. The elution patterns of zinc and cadmium from that of zinc-supplemented animals. These experiments provide some insight into the specificity of the zinc absorption pathway and present some explanations for the interaction or lack of interaction among trace elements.

scholarly journals Low-molecular-weight hydroxyacids in marine atmospheric aerosol: evidence of a marine microbial origin

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4407-4414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Miyazaki ◽  
M. Sawano ◽  
K. Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Marine Aerosols ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
Subarctic North Pacific ◽  
Western Subarctic North Pacific ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Lactic acid (LA) and glycolic acid (GA), which are low-molecular-weight hydroxyacids, were identified in the particle and gas phases within the marine atmospheric boundary layer over the western subarctic North Pacific. A major portion of LA (81%) and GA (57%) was present in the particulate phase, which is consistent with the presence of a hydroxyl group in these molecules leading to the low volatility of the compounds. The average concentration (±SD) of LA in more biologically influenced marine aerosols (33 ± 58 ng m−3) was substantially higher than that in less biologically influenced aerosols (11 ± 12 ng m−3). Over the oceanic region of phytoplankton blooms, the concentration of aerosol LA was comparable to that of oxalic acid, which was the most abundant diacid during the study period. A positive correlation was found between the LA concentrations in more biologically influenced aerosols and chlorophyll a in seawater (r2 = 0.56), suggesting an important production of aerosol LA possibly associated with microbial (e.g., lactobacillus) activity in seawater and/or aerosols. Our finding provides a new insight into the poorly quantified microbial sources of marine organic aerosols (OAs) because such low-molecular-weight hydroxyacids are key intermediates for OA formation.

Plasma Tau Variants Detected by a Novel Anti-Tau Monoclonal Antibody: A Potential Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 877-883
Author(s):  
Andrea González ◽  
Leonardo Guzmán-Martínez ◽  
Ricardo B. Maccioni
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Blood Biomarker ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Background: A major drawback in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the lack of validated biomarkers for routine clinical diagnostic. We have reported earlier a novel blood biomarker, named Alz-tau®, based on variants of platelet tau. This marker evaluates the ratio of high molecular weight tau (HMWtau) and the low molecular weight (LMWtau) tau. Objective: To analyze a potential novel source of antigen for Alz-tau®, plasma tau, detected by immunoreactivity with the novel monoclonal antibody, tau51. Methods: We evaluated tau variants in plasma precipitated with ammonium sulfate from 36 AD patients and 15 control subjects by western blot with this novel monoclonal antibody. Results: The HMW/LMWtau ratio was statistically different between AD patients and controls. Conclusions: Plasma tau variants are suitable to be considered as a novel antigen source for the Alz-tau® biomarker for AD.

State-of-the-Art Review : Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Major Orthopedic Surgery

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Paolo Prandoni ◽  
Samuel Z. Goldhaber ◽  
Andrea Piccioli ◽  
Antonio Girolami
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Intermittent Pneumatic Compression ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Major Orthopedic Surgery

Venous thromboembolism continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality in both elective and traumatic orthopedic surgery. Prevention of this complication has received much attention in the orthope dic literature in recent years. We reviewed the relative efficacy and safety of various agents in the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism arising after major orthopedic surgery. In patients undergoing total hip replacement, low-molecular-weight heparin in fixed doses, adjusted doses of warfarin, and unfractionated heparin in adjusted doses are the most effective prophylactic agents and are highly recommended for routine use. Low-molecular- weight heparin or warfarin should be used in patients with hip fractures. Low-molecular-weight heparin, warfarin, or intermittent pneumatic compression should be used in patients undergoing major knee surgery. A number of questions still remain unanswered. In particular, further studies are needed to establish the optimal duration of prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Insight into the Lubrication and Adhesion Properties of Hyaluronan for Ocular Drug Delivery

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1431
Author(s):  
Mikuláš Černohlávek ◽  
Martina Brandejsová ◽  
Petr Štěpán ◽  
Hana Vagnerová ◽  
Martina Hermannová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Insight Into

Hyaluronan (HA) is widely used for eye drops as lubricant to counteract dry eye disease. High and low molecular weight HA are currently used in ophthalmology. However, a large portion of the current literature on friction and lubrication addresses articular (joint) cartilage. Therefore, eye drops compositions based on HA and its derivatized forms are extensively characterized providing data on the tribological and mucoadhesive properties. The physiochemical properties are investigated in buffers used commonly in eye drops formulations. The tribological investigation reveals that amphiphilic HA-C12 decreases the friction coefficient. At the same time, the combination of trehalose/HA or HAC12 enhances up to eighty-fold the mucoadhesiveness. Thus, it is predicted a prolonged residence time on the surface of the eye. The incorporation of trehalose enhances the protection of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells, as demonstrated in an in-vitro cell-desiccation model. The presence of trehalose increases the friction coefficient. Medium molecular weight HA shows significantly lower friction coefficient than high molecular weight HA. This research represents a first, wide array of features of diverse HA forms for eye drops contributing to increase the knowledge of these preparations. The results here presented also provide valuable information for the design of highly performing HA-formulations addressing specific needs before preclinic.

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