Intra-Articular Drug Delivery for Osteoarthritis Treatment

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Currently, clinical nonsurgical treatments of OA are only limited to pain relief, anti-inflammation, and viscosupplementation. Developing disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) is highly demanded for the efficient treatment of OA. As OA is a local disease, intra-articular (IA) injection directly delivers drugs to synovial joints, resulting in high-concentration drugs in the joint and reduced side effects, accompanied with traditional oral or topical administrations. However, the injected drugs are rapidly cleaved. By properly designing the drug delivery systems, prolonged retention time and targeting could be obtained. In this review, we summarize the drugs investigated for OA treatment and recent advances in the IA drug delivery systems, including micro- and nano-particles, liposomes, and hydrogels, hoping to provide some information for designing the IA injected formulations.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 in articular cartilage repair for osteoarthritis treatment

Articular cartilage repair is a critical issue in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway has been implicated in articular cartilage repair. IGF-1 is a member of a family of growth factors that are structurally closely related to pro-insulin and can promote chondrocyte proliferation, enhance matrix production, and inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis. Here, we reviewed the role of IGF-1 in cartilage anabolism and catabolism. Moreover, we discussed the potential role of IGF-1 in OA treatment. Of note, we summarized the recent progress on IGF delivery systems. Optimization of IGF delivery systems will facilitate treatment application in cartilage repair and improve OA treatment efficacy.

PROGRESS AND PRECLUSION OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A STUDY

There is a need for better medical and preclinical instruments to diagnose knee OA in its initial phases owing to the increase occurrence of knee osteoarthritis (OA), a devastating knee joint degeneration. Osteoarthritis commonly affects patients who are obese and those above the age of 60. This mainly happens to age down and over-weighted people. The goal is to provide practical methods for assessing the seriousness of knee OA quickly and with human consistency. We also present Changes that affect your chances of getting sick of knee osteoarthritis, Treatment of knee osteoarthritis and the Prevention methods of knee osteoarthritis.

Zhuanggu Guanjie herbal formula mitigates osteoarthritis via NF-κB transduction mechanism in vitro

BackgroundZhuanggu Guanjie herbal formula, a famous Chinese prescription, which is commonly applied for mitigating bone-related problems, clinically. According to the China Pharmacopeia (CP, 2020), this herbal formula includes 12 raw materials, and the major components are Rehmanniae Radix (RR) and Psoraleae Fructus (PF). The anti-osteoarthritis properties of this herbal prescription are well-documented in CP (2020). However, the working mechanism of this ancient herbal formula has not been elucidated. Therefore, we would like to probe the anti-osteoarthritis pharmaceutical values of this ancient herbal prescription.Materials and methodsThe differentiated ATDC5 cells were employed in the following experiments. In the present study, the involvements of cytokine levels and hallmark proteins reflecting inflammatory responses in Zhuanggu Guanjie Capsule (ZGC)-induced differentiated cells were detected by RT-PCR, flow cytometer, western blot and laser confocal assays.ResultsThe cytokines and inflammation-specific proteins, i.e. interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin synthesis E2 (PGES-2) were robustly declined after incubating with ZGC for 48 hours, and the attenuation levels were in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, ZGC could also block NF-B translocation from cytosol to nucleus and which has been verified by the laser confocal microscope.ConclusionsThe in vitro studies have clarified the anti-osteoarthritis properties of ZGC and the working mechanism involved, and this herbal formula shed light on osteoarthritis treatment.