Practical Experience With the Discrete Green’s Function Approach to Convective Heat Transfer

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Batchelder ◽  
John K. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Heated Surface ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Uniform Heat Flux ◽  
Freestream Turbulence ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Thermal Boundary Conditions ◽  
Numerical Predictions

The heat transfer from a short uniform heat flux strip beneath a turbulent boundary layer with and without freestream turbulence was measured using a liquid crystal imaging technique. Freestream turbulence intensities were on the order of 12 percent. Data were taken at momentum thickness Reynolds numbers on the order of 1000 and 2000 for the turbulent and steady freestreams, respectively. Heat transfer enhancement due to the presence of freestream turbulence was quantified in terms of the ratio of the average St’s on the strip: turbulent freestream divided by steady freestream. Compared to the baseline case of a uniformly heated surface upstream of the strip, the heat transfer enhancement decreased by 20 percent. The temperature distribution measured on and downstream of the heated strip represented one column of a discrete Greens function that was used to predict the heat transfer for any arbitrarily specified thermal boundary condition given the same flowfield. Predictions are compared against correlations and numerical predictions as well as data from the literature. The details and practical applications of this approach to handling heat transfer with non-uniform thermal boundary conditions are presented.

Effects of Guide Vanes on the Tip Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Turbine Blade

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongnan Xie ◽  
Bengt Sunde´n
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Guide Vanes ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Blade Tip

Gas turbine blade tips encounter large heat load as they are exposed to the high temperature gas. A common way to cool the blade and its tip is to design serpentine passages with 180-deg turns under the blade tip-cap inside the turbine blade. Improved internal convective cooling is therefore required to increase the blade tip life time. This paper presents numerical predictions of turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer through two-pass channels with and without guide vanes placed in the turn regions using RANS turbulence modeling. The effects of adding guide vanes on the tip-wall heat transfer enhancement and the channel pressure loss were analyzed. The guide vanes have a height identical to that of the channel. The inlet Reynolds numbers are ranging from 100,000 to 600,000. The detailed three-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer over the tip-walls are presented. The overall performances of several two-pass channels are also evaluated and compared. It is found that the tip heat transfer coefficients of the channels with guide vanes are 10∼60% higher than that of a channel without guide vanes, while the pressure loss might be reduced when the guide vanes are properly designed and located, otherwise the pressure loss is expected to be increased severely. It is suggested that the usage of proper guide vanes is a suitable way to augment the blade tip heat transfer and improve the flow structure, but is not the most effective way compared to the augmentation by surface modifications imposed on the tip-wall directly.

Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Circular Tube Using Twisted Tape

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Min Lin ◽  
Liang-Bi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Twisted Tape ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Thermal Boundary Conditions

The secondary flow has been used frequently to enhance the convective heat transfer, and at the same flow condition, the intensity of convective heat transfer closely depends on the thermal boundary conditions. Thus far, there is less reported information about the sensitivity of heat transfer enhancement to thermal boundary conditions by using secondary flow. To account for this sensitivity, the laminar convective heat transfer in a circular tube fitted with twisted tape was investigated numerically. The effects of conduction in the tape on the Nusselt number, the relationship between the absolute vorticity flux and the Nusselt number, the sensitivity of heat transfer enhancement to the thermal boundary conditions by using secondary flow, and the effects of secondary flow on the flow boundary layer were discussed. The results reveal that (1) for fully developed laminar heat convective transfer, different tube wall thermal boundaries lead to different effects of conduction in the tape on heat transfer characteristics; (2) the Nusselt number is closely dependent on the absolute vorticity flux; (3) the efficiency of heat transfer enhancement is dependent on both the tube wall thermal boundaries and the intensity of secondary flow, and the ratio of Nusselt number with twisted tape to its counterpart with straight tape decreases with increasing twist ratio while it increases with increasing Reynolds number for both uniform wall temperature (UWT) and uniform heat flux (UHF) conditions; (4) the difference in the ratio between UWT and UHF conditions is also strongly dependent on the conduction in the tape and the intensity of the secondary flow; and (5) the twist ratio ranging from 4.0 to 6.0 does not necessarily change the main flow velocity boundary layer near tube wall, while Reynolds number has effects on the shape of the main flow velocity boundary layer near tube wall only in small regions.

Nonboiling Heat Transfer and Friction of Air/Water Mist Flow in a Square Duct With Orthogonal Ribs

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsuan Huang ◽  
Chiao-Hsin Chen ◽  
Yao-Hsien Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Heated Surface ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Mist Flow

Heat transfer of air/water mist flow in a single-side heated vertical duct was experimentally investigated. The mist flow was produced by introducing fine dispersed water droplets into the air stream, and the water–air mass flow ratios were up to 15%. The Reynolds numbers of the air flow were 7900, 16,000, and 24,000. The rib spacing-to-height ratios were 10 and 20 in the current study. Mist flow cooling achieved higher heat transfer rates mainly because of the droplet deposition and liquid film formation on the heated surface. The heat transfer enhancement on the smooth surface by the mist flow was 4–6 times as high as the air flow. On the ribbed surface, a smaller rib spacing of 10 was preferred for air cooling, since the heat transfer enhancement by the flow reattachment was better utilized. However, the rib-induced secondary flow blew away the liquid films on the surface, and the heat transfer enhancement was degraded near the reattachment region for the mist cooling. A larger rib spacing-to-height ratio of 20 thus achieved higher heat transfer because of the liquid film formation beyond the reattachment region. The heat transfer enhancement on the ribbed surface using mist flow was 2.5–3.5 times as high as the air flow. The friction factor of the mist flow was two times as high as the air flow in the ribbed duct.

Non-Boiling Heat Transfer of Air/Water Mist Flow in a Square Duct With Orthogonal Ribs

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsuan Huang ◽  
Chiao-Hsin Chen ◽  
Yao-Hsien Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Heated Surface ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Liquid Films ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Square Duct ◽  
Flow Mixing ◽  
Mist Flow

Heat transfer of mist flow in a rib-roughened square duct was experimentally determined using infrared thermography. The mist flow was generated by introducing fine dispersed water droplets into the air stream. A constant heat flux was applied to the surface during the test and the surface temperature was kept below the boiling point. The heat transfer measurement was performed on a heated surface located inside a vertical square duct with a hydraulic diameter of 4cm. The air/water mist flow was carried upward by air flow from a blower placed at the bottom of the duct. The flow passed through a flow straightener and entered the heated region of the square duct. The Reynolds numbers of the carrier fluid were 7900, 16000 and 24000. The results showed that mist flow cooling achieved higher heat transfer rates compared to the air cooling. Thin liquid films formed on the heated surface by the mist flow and the evaporation from the droplets and liquid film contributed to a higher heat removal rate. The heat transfer enhancement on the smooth surface by the mist flow was 4 to 6 times higher compared to the air flow. Rib turbulators were typically applied in channel walls for heat transfer enhancement in gas turbine blades or heat exchangers. Ribs caused flow reattachment and promoted flow mixing. The higher Nusselt number induced by flow reattachment can be visualized using infrared thermography. For the ribbed case, the heat transfer contours were reported based the regions between ribs. Square brass ribs were used and the rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio was 0.05. The rib pitch-to-height ratios were 10 and 20 in the current study. For the mist flow in the ribbed duct, the intense flow mixing and secondary flow caused by the ribs blew away liquid films on the surface. The heat transfer enhancement near the reattachment region was mainly influenced by the droplet impingement on the surface. In the ribbed duct, the heat transfer enhancement from using the mist flow was 2.5 to 3.5 times higher compared to the air flow.

Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Tube Using Triangular Ribs

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veysel Ozceyhan ◽  
Sibel Gunes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Uniform Heat Flux ◽  
Enhancement Ratio ◽  
Transfer Enhancement

A numerical study was undertaken for investigating the heat transfer enhancement in a tube with triangular cross sectioned ribs. The spacing between the ribs were kept constant as a distance of tube diameter, D. Three different rib thicknesses were considered for numerical analyses. Uniform heat flux was applied to the external surface of the tube and air was selected as working fluid. Numerical calculations were performed with FLUENT 6.1.22 code, in the range of Reynolds number 8000–36000. The results obtained from a smooth tube and rib inserted tube were compared with those from the experimental studies in literature in order to validate the numerical method. The variation of Nusselt number, friction factor and overall enhancement ratios for the tube with triangular cross sectioned ribs were presented. Consequently, a maximum gain of 1.34 on overall enhancement ratio is obtained for S/D = 0.75.

Vortex Heat Transfer Enhancement in Narrow Channel by Oval Dimples Arrangement

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Isaev ◽  
Yaroslav Chudnovsky ◽  
Alexander Leontiev ◽  
Nikolai Kornev ◽  
Egon Hassel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Heated Surface ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Narrow Channel ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Transfer Enhancement

There are many passive techniques of heat transfer enhancement ranging from surface (2D) to volumetric (3D) vortex generators, however only a few of them are capable to provide a reliable increase in a heat transfer rate overrunning the increase in pressure losses. One of such successful techniques is the profiling of a heat transfer surface with the regulated arrangement of 3D cavities (dimples). The authors explored that the deviation of the dimple geometry from the spherical shape affects the flow structure and thermal and hydraulic performance of the dimpled wall. Detailed numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer has been performed in the narrow channel with the 2.5 × 0.33 cross section normalized by the equivalent diameter of the dimple footprint at the constant Reynolds number Re = 10,000 and the constant heat flux through the dimpled wall. The oval dimple geometry was varied by changing the aspect ratio of the dimple footprint from 1 to 4.5 keeping the same footprint area. In the course of the numerical study, the optimal geometry, the arrangement and the orientation of oval dimples on the heated surface to achieve the superior thermal and hydraulic performance over the spherical cavities are established. Numerical results of local and integral heat transfer characteristics enhanced with the visual representation of the generated vortices clearly illustrated the flow restructuring and an increase in the thermal and hydraulic performance.

Effect of Flow Pulsation on the Heat Transfer Performance of a Minichannel Heat Sink

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Persoons ◽  
Tom Saenen ◽  
Tijs Van Oevelen ◽  
Martine Baelmans
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Womersley Number ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Pulsation Amplitude

Heat sinks with liquid forced convection in microchannels are targeted for cooling electronic devices with a high dissipated power density. Given the inherent stability problems associated with two-phase microchannel heat transfer, this paper investigates experimentally the potential for enhancing single-phase convection cooling rates by applying pulsating flow. To this end, a pulsator device is developed which allows independent continuous control of pulsation amplitude and frequency. For a single minichannel geometry (1.9 mm hydraulic diameter) and a wide range of parameters (steady and pulsating Reynolds number, Womersley number), experimental results are presented for the overall heat transfer enhancement compared to the steady flow case. Enhancement factors up to 40% are observed for the investigated parameter range (Reynolds number between 100 and 650, ratio of pulsating to steady Reynolds number between 0.002 and 3, Womersley number between 6 and 17). Two regimes can be discerned: for low pulsation amplitude (corresponding to a ratio of pulsating to steady Reynolds number below 0.2), a small heat transfer reduction is observed similar to earlier analytical and numerical predictions. For higher amplitudes, a significant heat transfer enhancement is observed with a good correspondence to a power law correlation. This work establishes a reference case for future studies of the effect of flow unsteadiness in small scale heat sinks.

scholarly journals The Impact of Nanofluids on Droplet/Spray Cooling of a Heated Surface: A Critical Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Yunus Tansu Aksoy ◽  
Yanshen Zhu ◽  
Pinar Eneren ◽  
Erin Koos ◽  
Maria Rosaria Vetrano
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Heated Surface ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Droplet Spray

Cooling by impinging droplets has been the subject of several studies for decades and still is, and, in the last few years, the potential heat transfer enhancement obtained thanks to nanofluids’ use has received increased interest. Indeed, the use of high thermal conductivity fluids, such as nanofluids’, is considered today as a possible way to strongly enhance this heat transfer process. This enhancement is related to several physical mechanisms. It is linked to the nanofluids’ rheology, their degree of stabilization, and how the presence of the nanoparticles impact the droplet/substrate dynamics. Although there are several articles on droplet impact dynamics and nanofluid heat transfer enhancement, there is a lack of review studies that couple these two topics. As such, this review aims to provide an analysis of the available literature dedicated to the dynamics between a single nanofluid droplet and a hot substrate, and the consequent enhancement or reduction of heat transfer. Finally, we also conduct a review of the available publications on nanofluids spray cooling. Although using nanofluids in spray cooling may seem a promising option, the few works present in the literature are not yet conclusive, and the mechanism of enhancement needs to be clarified.

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