Optimal Solar Field Design of Stationary Collectors

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 898-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Weinstock ◽  
Joseph Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Incident Energy ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Energy Minimum ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Solar Field ◽  
Field Area

The optimal design of stationary photovoltaic and thermal collectors in a solar field, taking into account shading and masking effects, may be based on several criteria: maximum incident energy on collector plane from a given field, minimum field area for given incident energy, minimum cost per unit energy, minimum plant cost, maximum energy per unit collector area or other objectives. These design problems may be formulated as optimization problems with objective functions and sets of constraints (equality and inequality) for which mathematical optimization techniques may be applied. This article deals with obtaining the field design parameters (optimal number of rows, distance between collector rows, collector height and collector inclination angle) that produce maximum annual energy from a given field. A second problem is determination of the minimum field area (length and width) and field design parameters that produce a given required annual energy. The third problem is determination of the optimal field design parameters for obtaining maximum energy per unit collector area from a given field. The results of these optimal designs are compared to a recommended approach of the Israeli Institute of Standards (IIS) in which the solar field design result in negligible shading. An increase in energy of about 20% for a fixed field area and a decrease in field area of about 15% for a given annual incident energy, respectively, may be obtained using the approach formulated in the present article compared to the IIS approach.

Optimization of Economic Solar Field Design of Stationary Thermal Collectors

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Weinstock ◽  
Joseph Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Solar Plant ◽  
Solar Field ◽  
Economic Criteria

The optimization of solar field designs of stationary thermal collectors, taking into account shading and masking effects, may be based on energy or economic criteria. Obtaining maximum energy from a given field size or determining the required minimum field area that produces a given amount of energy are examples of energy criteria. Designing a solar plant with a minimum cost or a plant that produces minimum cost of unit energy are examples of economic criteria. These design problems may be formulated as optimization problems with objective functions and sets of constraints (equality and inequality) for which mathematical optimization techniques may be applied. This paper deals with obtaining optimal field and collector design parameters (number of rows, distance between collector rows, collector height, and collector inclination angle) that result in minimum periodic cost of a solar plant producing a given amount of annual energy. A second problem is the determination of optimal field and collector design parameters resulting in minimum cost of unit energy for the solar plant. In both cases, the optimal deployment of the collectors in the solar field as a function of the daily energy demand—cost of land and collector efficiency as parameters—is presented.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Optimization Algorithms for The Optimal Reservoir Operation

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Liu ◽  
Yonghui Zhu ◽  
Lingyun Li ◽  
Lu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Operation ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Optimization Algorithms ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Handling Methods ◽  
Optimality Algorithm ◽  
Parameter Values

Apart from traditional optimization techniques, e.g. progressive optimality algorithm (POA), modern intelligence algorithms, like genetic algorithms, differential evolution have been widely used to solve optimization problems. This paper deals with comparative analysis of POA, GA and DE and their applications in a reservoir operation problem. The results show that both GA and DES are feasible to reservoir operation optimization, but they display different features. GA and DE have many parameters and are difficult in determination of these parameter values. For simple problems with mall number of decision variables, GA and DE are better than POA when adopting appropriate parameter values and constraint handling methods. But for complex problem with large number of variables, POA combined with simplex method are much superior to GA and DE in time-assuming and quality of optimal solutions. This study helps to select proper optimization algorithms and parameter values in reservoir operation.

Optimization of Solar Photovoltaic Fields

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Weinstock ◽  
J. Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Incident Energy ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Output Energy ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Solar Plant ◽  
Optimal Deployment ◽  
Module Efficiency ◽  
Field Area

The design of stationary and single axes tracking collectors in a field consisting of rows of collectors involves relationships between the field and collector parameters and solar radiation data. In addition, shading and masking of adjacent rows affect the collector deployment of the field by decreasing the incident energy on the collector plane. The use of many rows, densely deployed in a given field, increases the field incident energy but also increases the shading. Therefore, there is an optimal deployment of the collectors in the field yielding, for example, maximum energy, minimum required field area, or other objectives. For photovoltaic collectors, the output energy depends on the module efficiency, the solar cell operating temperature, and on the scheme of the electrically interconnected modules. Series interconnection between the photovoltaic modules may have a significant effect on the output energy of the solar plant in event of shading. The present article deals with the optimal design of photovoltaic solar fields for stationary and single axes tracking collectors to obtain maximum annual output energy.

scholarly journals Total Internal Reflection-Based High Efficiency Grating Design for a Metal-Free Polarizing Filter Applications Using Hybrid Optimization Procedure

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
ChaBum Lee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Internal Reflection ◽  
Hybrid Optimization ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Metal Free

This paper presents a fast and rigorous design method for grating-based metal-free polarizing filter applications using two-step hybrid optimization techniques. Grating structures utilizing the total internal reflection in a lamellar configuration were used to achieve metal-free solution, which is a key technology in the chirped pulse amplification for high power laser system. Here two polarizing filters were designed: polarization sensitive and polarization insensitive. Those polarization performances were characterized by the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA), and the design parameters of grating structures, pitch, depth, and filling factor were optimized by two-step hybrid optimization procedure because the diffraction characteristics of grating-based polarizing filters are highly sensitive to small changes in design parameters. The Taguchi method is incorporated into selection process in the genetic algorithm, which indicates that the Taguchi method optimizes the design parameters in a coarse manner, and then, coarsely optimized parameters are finely optimized using the genetic algorithm. Therefore the proposed method could solve global numerical optimization problems with continuous variables. The proposed two-step hybrid optimization algorithm could effectively optimize the grating structures for the purpose of polarization filter applications, and the optimized grating structures could selectively filter the incident light up to 99.8% as to TE or TM waves.

scholarly journals Optimal Design of the IRSBot-2 Based on an Optimized Test Trajectory

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie Germain ◽  
Stéphane Caro ◽  
Sébastien Briot ◽  
Philippe Wenger
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimal Test ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
Pick And Place ◽  
Dynamic Performances ◽  
Two Degree Of Freedom

This paper deals with the design optimization of the IRSBot-2 based on an optimized test trajectory for fast pick and place operations. The IRSBot-2 is a two degree-of-freedom translational parallel manipulator dedicated to fast and accurate pick-and-place operations. First, an optimization problem is formulated to determine the optimal test trajectory. This problem aims at finding the path defined with s-curves and the time trajectory that minimize the cycle time while the maximum acceleration of the moving platform remains lower than 20 G and the time trajectory functions are C2 continuous. Then, two design optimization problems are formulated to find the optimal design parameters of the IRSBot-2 based on the previous optimal test trajectory. These two problems are formulated so that they can be solved in cascade. The first problem aims to define the design parameters that affect the geometric and kinematic performances of the manipulator. The second problem is about the determination of the remaining parameters by considering elastostatic and dynamic performances. Finally, the optimal design parameters are given and will be used for the realization of an industrial prototype of the IRSBot-2.

scholarly journals An optimal design of a flexible piping inspection robot

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Swaminath Venkateswaran ◽  
Damien Chablat ◽  
Pol Hamon
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Inspection Robot ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Leg Mechanisms

Abstract This article presents an optimization approach for the design of a piping inspection robot. A rigid bio-inspired piping inspection robot that moves like a caterpillar was designed and developed at LS2N, France. By the addition of tensegrity mechanisms between the motor modules, the mobile robot becomes flexible to pass through the bends. However, the existing motor units prove to be oversized for passing through pipe bends at 90°. Thus, three cascading optimization problems are presented in this article to determine the sizing of robot assembly that can overcome such pipe bends. The first problem deals with the identification of design parameters of the tensegrity mechanism based on static stability. Followed by that, in the second problem, the optimum design parameters of the robot modules are determined for the robot assembly without the presence of leg mechanisms. The third problem deals with the determination of the size of the leg mechanism for the results of the two previous optimization problems. A digital model of the optimized robot assembly is then realized using CAD software.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH CROSS-SHAPED SPATIAL CRACK UNDER TORSION WITH BENDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Vl.I. KOLCHUNOV ◽  
◽  
A.I. DEMYANOV ◽  
M.M. MIHAILOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Experimental Scheme

The article offers a method and program for experimental studies of reinforced concrete structures with cross-shaped spatial crack under torsion with bending, the main purpose of which is to check the design assumptions and experimental determination of the design parameters of the proposed calculation method. The conducted experimental studies provide an opportunity to test the proposed calculation apparatus and clarify the regularities for determining deflections, angles of rotation of extreme sections, and stresses in the compressed zone of concrete. For analysis, the article presents a typical experimental scheme for the formation and development of cracks in the form of a sweep, as well as characteristic graphs of the dependence of the angles of rotation of end sections.

scholarly journals Joint Optimization on Trajectory, Cache Placement, and Transmission Power for Minimum Mission Time in UAV-Aided Wireless Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Tingting Lan ◽  
Danyang Qin ◽  
Guanyu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Power Allocation ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Joint Optimization ◽  
Transmission Power ◽  
Wireless Backhaul ◽  
Mission Time ◽  
Cache Placement

In recent years, due to the strong mobility, easy deployment, and low cost of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), great interest has arisen in utilizing UAVs to assist in wireless communication, especially for on-demand deployment in emergency situations and temporary events. However, UAVs can only provide users with data transmission services through wireless backhaul links established with a ground base station, and the limited capacity of the wireless backhaul link would limit the transmission speed of UAVs. Therefore, this paper designed a UAV-assisted wireless communication system that used cache technology and realized the transmission of multi-user data by using the mobility of UAVs and wireless cache technology. Considering the limited storage space and energy of UAVs, the joint optimization problem of the UAV’s trajectory, cache placement, and transmission power was established to minimize the mission time of the UAV. Since this problem was a non-convex problem, it was decomposed into three sub-problems: trajectory optimization, cache placement optimization, and power allocation optimization. An iterative algorithm based on the successive convex approximation and alternate optimization techniques was proposed to solve these three optimization problems. Finally, in the power allocation optimization, the proposed algorithm was improved by changing the optimization objective function. Numerical results showed that the algorithm had good performance and could effectively reduce the task completion time of the UAV.

scholarly journals Relaxed gradient projection algorithm for constrained node-based shape optimization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihar Antonau ◽  
Majid Hojjat ◽  
Kai-Uwe Bletzinger
Keyword(s):  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Gradient Projection ◽  
Projection Algorithm ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Active Set ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Original Algorithm ◽  
Gradient Projection Algorithm ◽  
Non Linear

AbstractIn node-based shape optimization, there are a vast amount of design parameters, and the objectives, as well as the physical constraints, are non-linear in state and design. Robust optimization algorithms are required. The methods of feasible directions are widely used in practical optimization problems and know to be quite robust. A subclass of these methods is the gradient projection method. It is an active-set method, it can be used with equality and non-equality constraints, and it has gained significant popularity for its intuitive implementation. One significant issue around efficiency is that the algorithm may suffer from zigzagging behavior while it follows non-linear design boundaries. In this work, we propose a modification to Rosen’s gradient projection algorithm. It includes the efficient techniques to damp the zigzagging behavior of the original algorithm while following the non-linear design boundaries, thus improving the performance of the method.

scholarly journals Analysis of Composite Structures in Curing Process for Shape Deformations and Shear Stress: Basis for Advanced Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Niraj Kumbhare ◽  
Reza Moheimani ◽  
Hamid Dalir
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Latin Hypercube Sampling ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
Prototype Design ◽  
Shape Deformations

Identifying residual stresses and the distortions in composite structures during the curing process plays a vital role in coming up with necessary compensations in the dimensions of mold or prototypes and having precise and optimized parts for the manufacturing and assembly of composite structures. This paper presents an investigation into process-induced shape deformations in composite parts and structures, as well as a comparison of the analysis results to finalize design parameters with a minimum of deformation. A Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method was used to generate the required random points of the input variables. These variables were then executed with the Ansys Composite Cure Simulation (ACCS) tool, which is an advanced tool used to find stress and distortion values using a three-step analysis, including Ansys Composite PrepPost, transient thermal analysis, and static structural analysis. The deformation results were further utilized to find an optimum design to manufacture a complex composite structure with the compensated dimensions. The simulation results of the ACCS tool are expected to be used by common optimization techniques to finalize a prototype design so that it can reduce common manufacturing errors like warpage, spring-in, and distortion.

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