scholarly journals Not Even the Kitchen Sink

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (08) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Paul Sharke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Capillary Force ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Fuel Use

This article focuses on the increasing commercial application of capillary force vaporization. Possibilities range from fuel oil burners to the sophisticated kerosene heaters that are popular in Japan. A new stove will introduce capillary force vaporizing as a way of atomizing fuel, stepping away from cartridge and metal-tank stoves that dominate the market. Researchers in the United States are also exploring the technology’s suitability to diesel and homogeneous charge compression (HCCI) ignition and engines. A capillary force vaporizer’s ability to vaporize low-volatility diesel fuel at atmospheric temperatures and pressures gives the technology an edge over air-assist or other methods that produce small droplets. A capillary force vaporizer could be applied to a Heel engine in the manifold between turbocharger and intake valves or a vaporizer could be installed in the combustion chamber itself. Jetboil Inc. of Guild, N.H., integrated a pot, burner, heat exchanger, canister, and insulator into a single unit to promote efficient fuel use. As a result, the stove uses less fuel in the field, which is about half that of a conventional pot-and-stove setup that lacks an engineered interface.

Developing twinning cattle for commercial production

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 930 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Cummins ◽  
C. A. Morris ◽  
B. W. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Calf Survival ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Meat Animal

Long-term selection programs in the United States and New Zealand have developed twinning herds. In Nebraska, the United States Meat Animal Research Centre population had a calving rate of 1.56 per parturition in 2004. They have shown that the location of ovulation has an important effect on the success of pregnancy and that ovulations ≥3 are probably undesirable. These cattle have issues associated with calving difficulty and calf survival, which present challenges for commercial application. Intensive management using existing technology and/or future genetic improvement to address these traits are required to realise the potential benefits to beef production systems.

The fast-neutron breeder fission: development, operational experience, and implications for future design in the United States

1990 ◽  
Vol 331 (1619) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Reactor Technology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Design Activities

As the need for breeder technology in the United States has receded into the more distant future, it has become clear that an alternative justification must be found for continued priority development of sodium-cooled fast-reactor technology. Both the modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor and the liquid-metal-cooled reactor (LMR) have technical attributes that provide more simple and transparent solutions to some of the problems confronting the nuclear enterprise, in addition to their potential for greater market penetration, resource extension, and waste management improvements. For the past five years, the LMR development programme in the United States has attempted to use these technical attributes in more innovative ways to provide more elegant solutions for the practical commercial application of nuclear energy. This paper discusses the reasons and status of the technological approaches that have evolved to support these policy considerations. For the LMR, efforts are focused on four interrelated development thrusts: (1) increased use of standardization; (2) passive safety approaches; (3) modularity; and (4) improved fuel cycle approaches. The paper also discusses the status of related design activities being conducted by the General Electric Company and a team of U. S. vendors.

Modular phones could open new manufacturing sectors

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Industrial Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Developing Region ◽  
Significant Attention

Subject The economic and industrial impact of modular phones Significance Modular phones are a new way to build smartphones. Rather than a single unit designed and delivered by an individual manufacturer, a frame provides a platform onto which individual modules (such as a battery, camera or antennae) are affixed. The potential for disruption held by this nascent technology is tremendous and modular phones are receiving significant attention, funding and resources from technology firms. Impacts Phones will begin to see greater adoption in developing markets in 2015 and 2016. If developing region pilots succeed, phones will arrive in the United States in mid-2016 or 2017. If pilots go well and phones see acceptable introduction to developed markets, modular phones could see widespread use by 2018. There may be a novel module industry akin to the app industry today, worth an estimated 25 billion dollars.

Engaging the Estranged: Reciprocity and Cooperation on the Korean Peninsula

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-198
Author(s):  
Taehyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Uranium Enrichment ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Bilateral Agreement

North Korea has become the focus of international attention once again. In October 2002 it admitted to a visiting U.S. envoy of having a clandestine nuclear program through uranium enrichment, which is a violation of, among other things, the bilateral agreement it signed with the United States eight years ago. In retaliation, the United States canceled shipment of heavy fuel oil to North Korea, that shipment being part of the agreement to compensate for North Korea's abandonment of its nuclear program. Since then, North Korea has astonished the world with a series of highly provocative moves: it restarted the nuclear facilities that it had frozen since 1994; expelled the inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); declared immediate withdrawal from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT); and threatened to resume test-firing long-range missiles that it voluntarily stopped in 1998.

scholarly journals NOAA'S NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY RESOURCES AND UNDERSEA THREATS DATABASE: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 1077-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa D. Madrigal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Planning Tool ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Resource Protection ◽  
Centralized Planning

ABSTRACT Recent incidents within our National Marine Sanctuaries (NMS), throughout the United States, and around the world have led the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to begin to look proactively at catastrophic hazardous material releases from submerged sources. Not knowing and understanding the reality of the ecological and economic impacts associated with submerged threats (such as vessels, pipelines, abandoned wellheads, ammunition, and chemical weapon dumpsites) is no longer an option for the nation'S leading ocean agency. Reactive strategies for addressing these threats after a release incident have proved to be ineffective and costly. For example, the decade-long release of heavy fuel oil from the MIV Jacob Luckenbach off the coast of California not only caused the loss of thousands of seabirds, but also cost the nation upwards of $20 million dollars to mitigate and remove the oil from the sunken cargo ship. We know there are potential threats out there and the National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP) is taking the proactive first steps in understanding this issue. NOAA'S NMSP and the Office of Response and Restoration'S Hazardous Materials Division have developed the Resources and Undersea Threats Database (RUST). RUST addresses the need for a centralized planning tool to safeguard the marine, historical, and cultural resources within the NMSP. This paper addresses database development and how meeting present needs of the database will shape future uses as a response and planning tool for the United States Coast Guard (USCG), state and federal resource protection staff, oil spill responders, and coastal environmental planners.

Waste-to-Energy Project Economics and Financing: A Look Into the Factors Influencing the Future

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Clunie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on significant changes in the overall economics of waste-to-energy (WTE) during the last 30 years. The WTE industry in this country has seen several different business cycles occur since 1975, as different market drivers have caused the industry to rise and fall. This paper compares: (1) those economic factors that were in play in 1975, when the first WTE facility in the United States was built, and the industry was in its infancy; (2) the factors at play when the WTE industry was at its height in 1990; and (3) some of the factors that caused the industry’s steep downward trend since 1994, when the last greenfield WTE facility in the United States was built. The paper will identify changes that have occurred with regard to the pricing of electricity and the ability of public sectors to charge non-market-based tipping fees. The paper discusses the drivers of 2006 and focuses on completed economic factors to be considered when comparing WTE with other waste disposal means. The paper discusses the drivers of 2006 and whether the industry is finally poised to begin an upward turn in the cycle. The paper focuses on the impact of the cost of diesel fuel oil on the overall economics of long-haul transfer, and how that is likely to impact the future development of WTE facilities. The paper also presents a case study of a recent analysis that was undertaken for two counties that were evaluating the financial viability of WTE as compared to other disposal options.

scholarly journals CD34+ cell content of 126 341 cord blood units in the US inventory: implications for transplantation and banking

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1267-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet N. Barker ◽  
Jane Kempenich ◽  
Joanne Kurtzberg ◽  
Claudio G. Brunstein ◽  
Colleen Delaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
The Us

Abstract CD34+ cell dose is critical for cord blood (CB) engraftment. However, the CD34+ content of the CB inventory in the United States is unknown. We examined the CD34+ cell content of 126 341 red blood cell–depleted US units banked from January 2007 to September 2017 with a total nucleated cell (TNC) count of ≥90 × 107 and a cryovolume of 24-55 mL. Median pre-cryopreservation TNC content was 127 × 107 (interquartile range [IQR], 108-156 × 107); CD34+ cell content was 44 × 105 (IQR, 29 to 67 × 105). The median CD34+:TNC ratio was 0.34%. TNC and CD34+ cell content correlation was weak (r = 0.24). Of 7125 units with TNCs of ≥210 × 107, only 47% had CD34+ content of ≥100 × 105. However, some units had high CD34+ content for a given TNC count. Only 4% of CB units were acceptable as single-unit grafts (TNCs, ≥2.5 × 107/kg; CD34+ cells, ≥1.5 × 105/kg) for 70-kg patients; 22% of units were adequate for 70-kg patients using lower dose criteria (TNCs, ≥1.5 × 107/kg; CD34+ cells, ≥1.0 × 105/kg) suitable for a double-unit graft. These findings highlight that units with the highest TNC dose may not have the highest CD34+ dose, units with unexpectedly high CD34+ content (a ratio of >1.0%) should be verified, and the US CB inventory of adequately sized single units for larger patients is small. They also support the ongoing use of double-unit grafts, a focus on banking high-dose units, and development of expansion technologies.

The Effects of Reducing the Motor Fuels Excise Tax on Agriculture in the United States

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Noel D. Uri ◽  
Roy Boyd
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
The United States ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The analysis in this paper examines the impact of reducing the federal excise tax on gasoline and diesel fuel on the United States economy in general and the agricultural sectors in particular. The analytical approach used in the analysis consists of a computable general equilibrium model composed of fourteen producing sectors. fourteen consuming sectors, six household categories classified by income and a government. The effects of a 4.3 cents per gallon reduction in the excise tax on gasoline and diesel fuel in prices and quantities are examined. The results suggest. for example, a decrease in the tax would result in higher output by the producing sectors (by about $2.86 billion), a decline in output in the agricultural sectors of about 0.01 percent or $18.4 million. an expansion in the consumption of goods and services (by about $3.84 billion), and an increase in welfare (by about $3.59 billion). The government would realize a decrease in revenue of about $2.37 billion. When subjected to a sensitivity analysis. the results are reasonably robust with regard to the assumption of the values of the substitution elasticities.

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