Implications of Modularity on Product Design for the Life Cycle

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Newcomb ◽  
B. Bras ◽  
D. W. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Configuration Design ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Normal Product ◽  
Center Console ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Configuration Information

Growing concern for the environment has spurred interest in product Design for the Life Cycle (DFLC) which encompasses all aspects of a product’s life cycle from initial conceptual design, through normal product use, to the eventual disposal of the product. A product’s architecture, determined during the configuration design stage, plays a large role in determining its life cycle characteristics. In this paper, modularity of product architectures with respect to life cycle concerns, not just functionality and structure, is defined and applied in the analysis of architecture characteristics. An architecture decomposition algorithm from the literature is adopted for partitioning architectures into modules from each life cycle viewpoint. Two measures of modularity are proposed: one that measures module correspondence between several viewpoints, and another that measures coupling between modules. The algorithm and measures are applied to the analysis and redesign of an automotive center console. Results of applying the algorithm and measures accurately reflected our intuitive understanding of the original center console design and predicted the results of our redesign. Furthermore, these measures incorporate only configuration information of the product, hence, can be used before detailed design stages.

Implications of Modularity on Product Design for the Life Cycle

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Newcomb ◽  
Bert Bras ◽  
David W. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Normal Product ◽  
Center Console ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Environmentally Conscious Design ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Configuration Information

Abstract Growing concern for the environment has spurred interest in environmentally conscious design and manufacturing. The concept of Design for the Life Cycle encompasses all aspects of a product’s life cycle from initial conceptual design, through normal product use, to the eventual disposal of the product. A product’s architecture, determined during the configuration design stage, plays a large role in determining the product’s life cycle characteristics. In this paper, modularity of product architectures with respect to life cycle concerns, not just product functionality and structure, is defined and applied in the analysis of architecture characteristics. A principal hypothesis underlying this work is that high degree of life cycle modularity can be beneficial across all viewpoints of interest because all interested people will view the product similarly and consistently. An architecture decomposition algorithm from the literature is adopted for partitioning architectures into modules from each life cycle viewpoint. Two measures of modularity are proposed: one that measures module correspondence between several viewpoints, and another that measures coupling between modules. The algorithm and measures are applied to the analysis and redesign of an automotive center console. Results of applying the algorithm and measures accurately reflected our intuitive understanding of the original center console design and predicted the results of our redesign. Furthermore, these measures incorporate only configuration information of the product; hence, can be used before detailed design stages.

Design of Modular Product Architectures in Discrete Design Spaces Subject to Life Cycle Issues

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Discrete Mathematics ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Configuration Design ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Modular Product ◽  
Discrete Structures ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
A Company

Abstract A product’s architecture affects the ability of a company to customize, assemble, service, and recycle the product. Much of the flexibility to address these issues is locked into the product’s design during the configuration design stage when the architecture is determined. The concepts of modules and modularity are central to the description of an architecture, where a module is a set of components that share some characteristic. Modularity is a measure of the correspondence between the modules of a product from different viewpoints, such as functionality and physical structure. The purpose of this paper is to investigate formal foundations for configuration design. Since product architectures are discrete structures, discrete mathematics, including set theory and combinatorics, is used for the investigation. A Product Module Reasoning System (PMRS) is developed to reason about sets of product architectures, to translate design requirements into constraints on these sets, to compare architecture modules from different viewpoints, and to directly enumerate all feasible modules without generate-and-test or heuristic search approaches. The PMRS is described mathematically and applied to the design of architectures for a hand-held tape recorder. Life cycle requirements are used as design criteria.

The Study of Product Configuration Information Model and Repository

2014 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Hua Long Xie ◽  
Ming Bin Shen
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Product Configuration ◽  
Configuration Model ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Configuration Design ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Configuration Information

Product configuration design model is established on the basis of the base type product of standardization, seriation. According to the needs of customers, This paper arranges the physical and functional structure of the product, and sets up configuration model of the whole model. Through the analysis and configuration design, provides the final product to meet customer requirements. In this article, introduces the mix of configuration design knowledge representation methods, so as to adapt to the requirements of different types of product design.

A Comparative Study of Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Pumps

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxman Yadu Waghmode ◽  
Anil Dattatraya Sahasrabudhe
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Repair Cost ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Initial Cost

For a product to be commercially successful and increasingly competitive in this global market place, it is imperative that engineers must understand and design for each phase in the life cycle of a product. The life cycle cost (LCC) of any piece of equipment, such as a pump represents the total cost to procure, install, operate, maintain and dispose of that equipment. For sustainment dominated products or systems, the lifetime energy and/or maintenance costs dominate the life cycle cost as compared to its initial cost. The initial cost is only a fraction of the life cycle cost. Therefore, a due consideration to the life cycle cost issues at product design stage is quite essential. The LCC analysis is recommended only at the product design phase, as up to 80% of product LCC is committed at this phase. A better understanding of the cost components that make up the life cycle cost is expected to provide the product designers an opportunity to considerably reduce product LCC. In this paper, a methodology for LCC analysis based on reliability and maintainability principles has been applied to three different pumps and the results of analysis have been compared. For analysis purpose, two pumps have been selected from the literature and the data available therein is utilized. The third pump is selected from a well known pump manufacturer from India and the required data is obtained directly from the manufacturer. To model the maintenance and repair cost the concept of expected number of failures in a given time interval has been applied. The maintenance and repair cost is estimated for two different maintenance and repair strategies, the renewal/replacement upon failure strategy and minimal repair upon failure strategy and under the conditions of constant failure rate (exponential distribution) in first case and increasing failure rate (Weibull distribution) in the second case. The results obtained have been presented and compared at the end. The methodology presented in this paper is expected to help the pump designers to estimate and compare the life cycle cost of their different design alternatives.

A Computable Fastener Representation to Support Computer-Aided Configuration Design for the Life Cycle

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Harper ◽  
Zahed Siddique ◽  
David Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Configuration Design ◽  
Assembly Model ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Parametric Relationship ◽  
Integrate Analysis ◽  
Model Assemblies ◽  
Modeling Representation

Abstract Most of a product’s life-cycle characteristics are determined during the configuration design stage, when the product’s components are selected and arranged spatially and logically. One set of choices that determines many life-cycle characteristics is fastener type selection. In this paper, an assembly modeling representation is presented that supports changes in fastener types and fastening mechanisms while maintaining consistent degrees-of-freedom among fastened components. A fastening mechanism template and a corresponding instantiation algorithm have been developed for tensile-compressive fasteners. The template consists of four main elements: an assembly representation template, CSG tree fragments (to allow geometry construction), geometric constraint templates, and a parametric relationship template to integrate analysis equations into fastener models. Each particular fastener type is modeled by a specific template that is developed manually using the general template as a guide. The instantiation algorithm maps a particular fastening template onto an existing assembly model (assemblies, components, geometry, and mating relationships) in order to add fasteners to a product. A similar fastener substitution algorithm enables the replacement of one fastener type with another. The use of the algorithms is illustrated in the configuration design of an automotive center console. The paper concludes with a brief demonstration of how fastener selection affects life-cycle product characteristics.

Integrating End-of-Life and Initial Profit Considerations in Product Life Cycle Design

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Deborah Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
End Of Life Decisions ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Life Decisions

Growing concerns from customers and the government about product disposal highlight the necessity of improving product take-back systems to retain the embedded values in disposed products. Progress has been made towards minimizing the cost of the disassembly process. While some progress has been made in improving end-of-life (EOL) value through decision making in the early design stage, contradictive objectives make it difficult to simultaneously optimize initial sales profits and EOL value. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to integrate end-of-life recovery value considerations with product design decisions. The improvement of component reuse value or recycling value is achieved by linking design decisions in the early design stage with end-of-life decisions in order to maximize total product value across the span of the life cycle. A matrix based representation that can group components into several end-of-life modules with similar end-of-life decisions is also presented. The results are discussed to compare different design alternatives to understand their influence on product lifecycle value. The proposed method is illustrated through an example involving cell phone product design decisions and end-of-life strategies.

Evaluation of Sustainability Performance of Product Design Element Concepts Using Analytic Hierarchy Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 799-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Fahrul Hassan ◽  
Muhamad Zameri Mat Saman ◽  
Safian Sharif ◽  
Badrul Omar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Element ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Total Life

ntegrating sustainable product design into the design process has been acknowledged nowadays by many companies for producing sustainable products. The integration should be implemented during the early stage of product development process so that the sustainability of the product can be evaluated before manufacturing the product. Although a number of studies have been conducted on the integration in many aspects along with many approaches, evaluation of the sustainability of the product during its total life-cycle while it is being designed has not been comprehensively investigated. In this paper, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to evaluate product design element concept during conceptual design stage by providing a weightage of sustainability metrics throughout the total life-cycle of product and finalize the preferred product design configuration by selecting the highest sustainability index of the design element concept. The approach is useful for product designers to design many concepts of product design elements and then to select the most likely sustainable design element to configure in one complete product. An example of an armed chair is used to demonstrate this approach.

scholarly journals Data-driven product design toward intelligent manufacturing: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 172988142091125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixiong Feng ◽  
Yuliang Zhao ◽  
Hao Zheng ◽  
Zhiwu Li ◽  
Jianrong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Requirement Analysis ◽  
Customer Requirement ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Knowledge Support

With the arrival of the big data era, a lot of valuable data have been generated in the entire product life cycle. The gathered product data contain a lot of design knowledge, which brings new opportunities to enhance the production efficiency and product competitiveness. Data-driven product design is an effective and popular design method, which can provide sufficient support for designers to make smart decisions. This article focuses on a comprehensive review of the existing research in data-driven product design. Based on the product design process, this article summarizes the data-driven design methods into the following aspects: customer requirement analysis, conceptual design, detailed design, and design knowledge support tools. In the customer requirement analysis stage, through data mining and transformation methods, customer requirements are predicted and then mapped to obtain accurate requirement expressions for aiding designers to explore the design space. In the conceptual design stage, the intelligent algorithms and data warehouse technologies are discussed in detail for function reasoning and scheme decision-making to achieve the iterative mapping from customer space to solution space. In the detailed design stage, data modeling languages and methods are introduced to support the simulation verification of the design process. For the design knowledge support tools, the methods of extracting knowledge from product data are discussed in detail, and the realization of computer-aided conceptual design is assisted through the development of knowledge-oriented design tools. Finally, this article summarizes the key points of data-driven product design research and provides an outlook for future research directions.

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