Design of Modular Product Architectures in Discrete Design Spaces Subject to Life Cycle Issues

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Discrete Mathematics ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Configuration Design ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Modular Product ◽  
Discrete Structures ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
A Company

Abstract A product’s architecture affects the ability of a company to customize, assemble, service, and recycle the product. Much of the flexibility to address these issues is locked into the product’s design during the configuration design stage when the architecture is determined. The concepts of modules and modularity are central to the description of an architecture, where a module is a set of components that share some characteristic. Modularity is a measure of the correspondence between the modules of a product from different viewpoints, such as functionality and physical structure. The purpose of this paper is to investigate formal foundations for configuration design. Since product architectures are discrete structures, discrete mathematics, including set theory and combinatorics, is used for the investigation. A Product Module Reasoning System (PMRS) is developed to reason about sets of product architectures, to translate design requirements into constraints on these sets, to compare architecture modules from different viewpoints, and to directly enumerate all feasible modules without generate-and-test or heuristic search approaches. The PMRS is described mathematically and applied to the design of architectures for a hand-held tape recorder. Life cycle requirements are used as design criteria.

Implications of Modularity on Product Design for the Life Cycle

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Newcomb ◽  
B. Bras ◽  
D. W. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Configuration Design ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Normal Product ◽  
Center Console ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Configuration Information

Growing concern for the environment has spurred interest in product Design for the Life Cycle (DFLC) which encompasses all aspects of a product’s life cycle from initial conceptual design, through normal product use, to the eventual disposal of the product. A product’s architecture, determined during the configuration design stage, plays a large role in determining its life cycle characteristics. In this paper, modularity of product architectures with respect to life cycle concerns, not just functionality and structure, is defined and applied in the analysis of architecture characteristics. An architecture decomposition algorithm from the literature is adopted for partitioning architectures into modules from each life cycle viewpoint. Two measures of modularity are proposed: one that measures module correspondence between several viewpoints, and another that measures coupling between modules. The algorithm and measures are applied to the analysis and redesign of an automotive center console. Results of applying the algorithm and measures accurately reflected our intuitive understanding of the original center console design and predicted the results of our redesign. Furthermore, these measures incorporate only configuration information of the product, hence, can be used before detailed design stages.

A Computable Fastener Representation to Support Computer-Aided Configuration Design for the Life Cycle

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Harper ◽  
Zahed Siddique ◽  
David Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Configuration Design ◽  
Assembly Model ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Parametric Relationship ◽  
Integrate Analysis ◽  
Model Assemblies ◽  
Modeling Representation

Abstract Most of a product’s life-cycle characteristics are determined during the configuration design stage, when the product’s components are selected and arranged spatially and logically. One set of choices that determines many life-cycle characteristics is fastener type selection. In this paper, an assembly modeling representation is presented that supports changes in fastener types and fastening mechanisms while maintaining consistent degrees-of-freedom among fastened components. A fastening mechanism template and a corresponding instantiation algorithm have been developed for tensile-compressive fasteners. The template consists of four main elements: an assembly representation template, CSG tree fragments (to allow geometry construction), geometric constraint templates, and a parametric relationship template to integrate analysis equations into fastener models. Each particular fastener type is modeled by a specific template that is developed manually using the general template as a guide. The instantiation algorithm maps a particular fastening template onto an existing assembly model (assemblies, components, geometry, and mating relationships) in order to add fasteners to a product. A similar fastener substitution algorithm enables the replacement of one fastener type with another. The use of the algorithms is illustrated in the configuration design of an automotive center console. The paper concludes with a brief demonstration of how fastener selection affects life-cycle product characteristics.

ASPECTS IN BUILDING A COMPANY WEB-SITE AND ITS ROLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Petar Halachev ◽  
Victoria Radeva ◽  
Albena Nikiforova ◽  
Miglena Veneva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Web Site ◽  
The Internet ◽  
A Company ◽  
The Web ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Made In ◽  
Site Types

This report is dedicated to the role of the web site as an important tool for presenting business on the Internet. Classification of site types has been made in terms of their application in the business and the types of structures in their construction. The Models of the Life Cycle for designing business websites are analyzed and are outlined their strengths and weaknesses. The stages in the design, construction, commissioning, and maintenance of a business website are distinguished and the activities and requirements of each stage are specified.

Pre-Life and End-of-Life Combined Profit Optimization With Predictive Product Lifecycle Design

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungmok Ma ◽  
Minjung Kwak ◽  
Harrison M. Kim
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Product Lifecycle ◽  
Mining Technique ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Trend Mining ◽  
A Company ◽  
Lifecycle Design

The Predictive Product Lifecycle Design (PPLD) model that is proposed in this paper enables a company to optimize its product lifecycle design strategy by considering pre-life and end-of-life at the initial design stage. By combining lifecycle design and predictive trend mining technique, the PPLD model can reflect both new and remanufactured product market demands, capture hidden and upcoming trends, and finally provide an optimal lifecycle design strategy in order to maximize profit over the span of the whole lifecycle. The outcomes are lifecycle design strategies such as product design features, the need for buy-backs at the end of its life, and the quantity of products remanufacturing. The developed model is illustrated with an example of a cell phone lifecycle design. The result clearly shows the benefit of the model when compared to a traditional Pre-life design model. The benefit would be increased profitability, while saving more natural resources and reducing wastes for manufacturers own purposes.

ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDE PROCESSES ON THE ROADS OF KHAKASSIA BEFORE THE BRIDGES OVER THE YENISEI RIVER FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ALL STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF STRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Олег Закирович Халимов
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Yenisei River ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Hydrogeological Conditions ◽  
First Case ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
The Yenisei River ◽  
Hydrogeological Studies

В статье проанализированы трудности в процессе строительства автомобильной дороги от Братского моста через Енисей в сторону Абакана, связанные с отсутствием учета на стадии проектирования осложнившихся гидрогеологических условий, влияющих на опускание моста и дороги. Оползневые процессы, созданные искусственно при сооружении выемки дна автомобильной дороги от Братского моста более 40 лет развиваются на участке дороги Абакан-Подсинее перед железным и автодорожным мостом через Енисей. Как и в первом случае на стадии проектирования не выполнены гидро-геологические исследования. The article analyzes the difficulties in the process of construction of the highway from the Bratsk bridge over the Yenisei river to Abakan, associated with not taking into account the complicated hydrogeological conditions at the design stage, associated with the lowering of the bridge and road. Landslide processes created artificially during the construction of the dredging of the road bottom from the Bratsk bridge have been developing for more than 40 years on the Abakan-Podsinee road section in front of the railway and road bridge over the Yenisei. As in the first case, hydrogeological studies were not performed at the design stage.

A Web-Based Process/Material Advisory System

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusheng Chen ◽  
Satyandra K. Gupta ◽  
Shaw Feng
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Material Combination ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Advisory System ◽  
Conceptual Design Stage ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Parameter Ranges ◽  
Process Material

Abstract This paper describes a web-based process/material advisory system that can be used during conceptual design. Given a set of design requirements for a part during conceptual design stage, our system produces process sequences that can meet the design requirements. Quite often during conceptual design stage, design requirements are not precisely defined. Therefore, we allow users to describe design requirements in terms of parameter ranges. Parameter ranges are used to capture uncertainties in design requirements. Our system accounts for uncertainties in design requirements in generating and evaluating process/material combinations. Our system uses a two step algorithm. During the first step, we generate a material/process option tree. This tree represents various process/material options that can be used to meet the given set of design requirements. During the second step, we evaluate various alternative process/material options using a depth first branch and bound algorithm to identify and recommend the least expensive process/material combination to the designer. Our system can be accessed on the World Wide Web using a standard browser. Our system allows designs to consider a wide variety of process/material options during the conceptual design stage and allows them to find the most cost-effective combination. By selecting the process/material combination during the early design stages, designers can ensure that the detailed design is compatible with all of the process constraints for the selected process.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lu ◽  
P. Gu ◽  
S. Spiewak
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Sustainable Product Development ◽  
Design Process Model ◽  
Sustainable Product ◽  
Design Objects ◽  
Lifecycle Design

Sustainable product development (SPD) requires that product design achieve minimal or zero environmental impact, while satisfying other design criteria such as functionality, quality, desirable features, and acceptable cost and time to market. Therefore, environmental evaluations must be incorporated into the design stage. This research is aimed at the development of a new approach to lifecycle design and evaluation. This paper proposes a framework to optimize functional, environmental, and economic (FEE) performance towards sustainable design. Based on the three dimensions of FEE, a systematic lifecycle design process model is proposed, which consists of: the three FEE requirements; two design objects (physical structure and lifecycle structure); and, the FEE evaluation streams of LCQ (functional lifecycle quality), LCA (environmental lifecycle assessment) and LCC (economic lifecycle costing). A new concept, called process-based analysis (PBA) is defined, and used as the base for FEE evaluations.

Defining Product Architecture During Conceptual Design

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Allen ◽  
Susan Carlson-Skalak
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Product Architecture ◽  
Small Company ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Modular Product ◽  
Modular Products

Abstract Product architecture can have a significant impact on a product’s life-cycle and its development time. Modular product architecture allows for easy disassembly upon product retirement and allows for wide product variety. In a small company, the team structure of the company can correspond to the modules, and modules can be used across product lines. By using similar modules from one generation to the next, product development time can be reduced. The methodology described in this paper gives a small company the framework from which to develop modular products.

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