On a New Approach to Mechanism Topology Identification

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Zhang ◽  
Q. Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Topology Identification ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Extended Code ◽  
Abstraction Levels ◽  
Different Levels

This paper argues that different levels of mechanism topology should be considered in order to make the activity or tool of the computer comparison of mechanism topology more useful to support a whole design process of mechanisms. In this connection, four abstraction levels are identified to relate the different types of mechanism topology with reference to mechanism design tasks, processes or objectives. A new approach is developed to compare mechanism topology for all these levels. One of the ideas of this approach is to extend the existing incident degree code approach by identifying more features of mechanism topology and to define them into an extended code. This is further enhanced by an algorithm to perform permutation (without a need of exhaustive enumeration) within a group of vertices that have the same features. Examples are given to show how the approach works. Compared with some existing methods for mechanism topology identification, this approach is shown to be more effective and efficient.

An approach to mechanism topology identification with consideration of design processes progression

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Zhang ◽  
A J Klein Breteler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Topology Identification ◽  
Abstraction Levels

This paper deals with mechanism (including kinematic chain) identification with respect to topology. It is argued in the paper that the meaning of mechanism topology should have certain different abstraction levels in terms of different mechanism design tasks or processes. As such, four abstraction levels of mechanism topology are proposed and described. A new approach to mechanism topology identification with consideration of all these proposed levels is presented and described. One of the main features of this new approach is to extend the existing incident degree code approach. Examples are given to exhibit its effectiveness, compared with some existing methods.

scholarly journals “Artificial Wood” Lignocellulosic Membranes: Influence of Kraft Lignin on the Properties and Gas Transport in Tunicate-Based Nanocellulose Composites

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Ievgen Pylypchuk ◽  
Roman Selyanchyn ◽  
Tetyana Budnyak ◽  
Yadong Zhao ◽  
Mikael Lindström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knudsen Diffusion ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Sizes ◽  
Fast Transport ◽  
Cellulose Membranes

Nanocellulose membranes based on tunicate-derived cellulose nanofibers, starch, and ~5% wood-derived lignin were investigated using three different types of lignin. The addition of lignin into cellulose membranes increased the specific surface area (from 5 to ~50 m2/g), however the fine porous geometry of the nanocellulose with characteristic pores below 10 nm in diameter remained similar for all membranes. The permeation of H2, CO2, N2, and O2 through the membranes was investigated and a characteristic Knudsen diffusion through the membranes was observed at a rate proportional to the inverse of their molecular sizes. Permeability values, however, varied significantly between samples containing different lignins, ranging from several to thousands of barrers (10−10 cm3 (STP) cm cm−2 s−1 cmHg−1cm), and were related to the observed morphology and lignin distribution inside the membranes. Additionally, the addition of ~5% lignin resulted in a significant increase in tensile strength from 3 GPa to ~6–7 GPa, but did not change thermal properties (glass transition or thermal stability). Overall, the combination of plant-derived lignin as a filler or binder in cellulose–starch composites with a sea-animal derived nanocellulose presents an interesting new approach for the fabrication of membranes from abundant bio-derived materials. Future studies should focus on the optimization of these types of membranes for the selective and fast transport of gases needed for a variety of industrial separation processes.

Mechanism Design and Simulation of the ULTRA Spine: A Tensegrity Robot

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Sabelhaus ◽  
Hao Ji ◽  
Patrick Hylton ◽  
Yakshu Madaan ◽  
ChanWoo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Inverse Kinematics ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Forward Kinematics ◽  
Robot Design ◽  
Link Structure ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
Quadruped Robots ◽  
Ongoing Effort

The Underactuated Lightweight Tensegrity Robotic Assistive Spine (ULTRA Spine) project is an ongoing effort to create a compliant, cable-driven, 3-degree-of-freedom, underactuated tensegrity core for quadruped robots. This work presents simulations and preliminary mechanism designs of that robot. Design goals and the iterative design process for an ULTRA Spine prototype are discussed. Inverse kinematics simulations are used to develop engineering characteristics for the robot, and forward kinematics simulations are used to verify these parameters. Then, multiple novel mechanism designs are presented that address challenges for this structure, in the context of design for prototyping and assembly. These include the spine robot’s multiple-gear-ratio actuators, spine link structure, spine link assembly locks, and the multiple-spring cable compliance system.

Accessing offshoring advantages: what and how to offshore

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 262-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alona Mykhaylenko ◽  
Ágnes Motika ◽  
Brian Vejrum Waehrens ◽  
Dmitrij Slepniov
Keyword(s):  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Offshore Outsourcing ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Captive Offshoring ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Governance Modes ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Do So

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of factors that affect offshoring performance results. To do so, this paper focuses on the access to location-specific advantages, rather than solely on the properties of the offshoring company, its strategy or environment. Assuming that different levels of synergy may exist between particular offshoring strategic decisions (choosing offshore outsourcing or captive offshoring and the type of function) and different offshoring advantages, this work advocates that the actual fact of realization of certain offshoring advantages (getting or not getting access to them) is a more reliable predictor of offshoring success. Design/methodology/approach – A set of hypotheses derived from the extant literature is tested on the data from a quantitative survey of 1,143 Scandinavian firms. Findings – The paper demonstrates that different governance modes and types of offshored function indeed provide different levels of access to different types of location-specific offshoring advantages. This difference may help to explain the ambiguity of offshoring initiatives performance results. Research limitations/implications – Limitations of the work include using only the offshoring strategy elements and only their limited variety as factors potentially influencing access to offshoring advantages. Also, the findings are limited to Scandinavian companies. Originality/value – The paper introduces a new concept of access, which can help to more reliably predict performance outcomes of offshoring initiatives. Recommendations are also provided to practitioners dealing with offshoring initiatives.

Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones . . . Reasoning About Illness Causality and Body Functioning in Children Who Have a Chronic Illness

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-619
Author(s):  
Ellen C. Perrin ◽  
Aline G. Sayer ◽  
John B. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Seizure Disorder ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cognitive Reasoning ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reasoning Skills ◽  
Experience Of Illness ◽  
Different Levels

Children's concepts about illness causality and bodily functioning change in a predictable way with advancing age. Differences in the understanding of these concepts in healthy children vs children with a chronic illness have not been clearly delineated. This study included 49 children with a seizure disorder, 47 children with an orthopaedic condition, and 96 healthy children, all with normal intelligence and ranging in age from 5 to 16 years. It demonstrates systematic differences in children's general reasoning skills and in their understanding of concepts about illness causality and bodily functioning, as a function of their age and experience of illness. At all ages, children who had a condition with orthopaedic involvement reported less sophisticated general reasoning and concepts about illness than did healthy children; children with a seizure disorder reported similar general reasoning skills to those of healthy children, but considerably less sophisticated concepts about illness. children's concepts about body functioning did not differ as a function of the presence of a chronic illness. When their different levels of general cognitive reasoning were statistically controlled, children with a chronic illness had somewhat more sophisticated concepts about bodily functioning than did healthy children. Differences in conceptual development among children with different types of illnesses lead to interesting speculations with regard to the effects of particular illness characteristics on children's cognitive development.

scholarly journals The Parietal Cortex in Sensemaking: The Dissociation of Multiple Types of Spatial Information

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlong Sun ◽  
Hongbin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Perceptual Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sensemaking Process ◽  
Network Simulations ◽  
Different Levels

According to the data-frame theory, sensemaking is a macrocognitive process in which people try to make sense of or explain their observations by processing a number of explanatory structures called frames until the observations and frames become congruent. During the sensemaking process, the parietal cortex has been implicated in various cognitive tasks for the functions related to spatial and temporal information processing, mathematical thinking, and spatial attention. In particular, the parietal cortex plays important roles by extracting multiple representations of magnitudes at the early stages of perceptual analysis. By a series of neural network simulations, we demonstrate that the dissociation of different types of spatial information can start early with a rather similar structure (i.e., sensitivity on a common metric), but accurate representations require specific goal-directed top-down controls due to the interference in selective attention. Our results suggest that the roles of the parietal cortex rely on the hierarchical organization of multiple spatial representations and their interactions. The dissociation and interference between different types of spatial information are essentially the result of the competition at different levels of abstraction.

Who Wins and Who Loses in the Provincial Courts of Appeal? A Statistical Analysis, 1920–1990

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McCormick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Data Base ◽  
The United States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Party Capability ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Appeal Courts ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractGiven the visibility and obvious importance of judicial power in the age of the Charter, it is important to develop the conceptual vocabulary for desribing and assessing this power. One such concept that has been applied to the study of appeal courts in the United States and Great Britain is “party capability”, a theory which suggests that different types of litigant will enjoy different levels of success as both appellant and respondent. Using a data base derived from the reported decisions of the provincial courts of appeal for the second and seventh year of each decade since the 1920s, this article applies party capability theory to the performance of the highest courts of the ten provinces; comparisons are attempted across regions and across time periods, as well as with the findings of similar studies of American and British courts.

A chemical–mineralogical classification of common plutonic rocks and associations

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Debon ◽  
P. Le Fort
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Plutonic Rocks ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Criteria ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTA classification is proposed, based mainly on major element analytical data plotted in a coherent set of three simple chemical-mineralogical diagrams. The procedure follows two complementary steps at two different levels. The first is concerned with the individual sample: the sample is given a name (e.g. granite, adamellite, granodiorite) and its chemical and mineralogical characteristics are determined. The second one is more important: it aims at defining the type of magmatic association (or series) to which the studied sample or group of samples belongs. Three main types of association are distinguished: cafemic (from source-material mainly or completely mantle-derived), aluminous (mainly or completely derived by anatexis of continental crust), and alumino-cafemic (intermediate between the other two types). Subtypes are then distinguished among the cafemic and alumino-cafemic associations: calc-alkaline (or granodioritic), subalkaline (or monzonitic), alkaline (and peralkaline), tholeiitic (or gabbroic-trondhjemitic), etc. In the same way, numerous subtypes and variants are also distinguished among the aluminous associations using a set of complementary criteria such as quartz content, colour index, alkali ratio, quartz–alkalies relationships and alumina index.Although involving a new approach using partly new criteria, this classification is consistent with most of the divisions used in previous typologies. The method may also be used in the classification of the volcanic equivalents of common plutonic rocks.

scholarly journals Utilization of Salicornia fruticosa herb for producing antioxidants

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Elsebaie ◽  
SYA Elsanat ◽  
MS Gouda ◽  
KM Elnemr
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidant ◽  
Oxidative Rancidity ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Phenolic Extract ◽  
Different Levels

The present work was aimed to study the effect of extracted phenolic compounds from Salicornia air part by several solvents as natural antioxidants on preservation of corn oil comparing with synthetic antioxidant (TBA) on the oil stability against oxidative rancidity during storage at 70 °C for 5 days. The results indicate that the best solvent for extracting polyphenolic compounds was methanol followed by ethanol, chloroform and water. HPLC analysis for the total polyphenols extracted from the air part of salicornia fruticosa indicated to presence high percentages of Pyrogallol, Ellagic, B-OH Benzoic and Catechin. The extracted phenolic acids were tested against corn oil keeping quality. Results show that peroxide value and TBA values of corn oil that treated by different types of extracts at different levels were lower than control. Keywords: Salicornia fruticosa; DPPH; Corn oil; Phenolic extract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i1.18856 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(1), 53-58, 2014

scholarly journals Speciális dokumentumok és tartalmak – speciális metaadatszerkezetek Muzeális tartalmak és kéziratok repozitálása a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Klebelsberg Kuno Könyvtárában

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Farkas ◽  
Dóra Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Levels

At the beginning of the 2020s, the SZTE Klebelsberg Library will need to store the digitised museum documents and manuscript legacies that have been and are still being generated in a repository. The content was placed in the library’s thematic EPrints software-based repository Miscellanea. Different types of documents required different solutions, and their metadata required the development of a different metadata form. A solution was needed to create a structured structure in the repository to house the digital versions of the paper documents in the collection and the content transferred for digital preservation. The task was to define the different levels of access, the ongoing cleaning of the data and the establishment of the catalogue-repository link. The report presents possible solutions to these problems.

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