Experimental Studies on Repair of Large Osteochondral Defects at a High Weight Bearing Area of the Knee Joint: A Tissue Engineering Study

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Mow ◽  
A. Ratcliffe ◽  
M. P. Rosenwasser ◽  
J. A. Buckwalter
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Repair Tissue ◽  
Weight Bearing Area ◽  
Grafting Procedure

There is a vast clinical need for the development of an animal model to study the fundamentals of healing of injured or diseased diarthrodial joints (knee, hip, shoulder, wrist, etc). Current prosthetic replacements do not offer acceptable treatment for injuries and diseases of these joints in young active individuals. New clinical treatment modalities, based on sound biologic principles, are sought for the development of repair or healing tissues engineered to have similar biomechanical properties as normal articular cartilage. In this paper we present a brief review of this need, and propose a grafting procedure which may lead to a successful animal model for studies of long term repair of major osteochondral defects. This grafting procedure uses an autologous periosteum-bone graft or an autologous-synthetic bone replacement graft. We have applied these grafts for in vivo repair of large surgically created defects in the high weight bearing area of the distal femoral condyle of mature New Zealand white rabbits. Further, an interdisciplinary study, including histochemistry, biochemistry (composition and metabolic activities), and biomechanics (biphasic properties), was performed to assess the feasibility of our animal model to generate viable repair tissues. We found our grafting procedure produced, 8 weeks postoperatively, tissues which were very similar to those found in normal articular cartilage. However, our histological studies indicate incomplete bonding between the repair tissue and the adjacent cartilage, and lack of an appropriate superficial zone at the articular surface. These deficiencies may cause long term failure of the repair tissue. Further studies must be undertaken to enhance development of a strong bond and a collagen-rich surface zone. This may require the use of growth factors (e.g., transforming growth factors β) capable of simulating extra collagen production, or the use of serum derived tissue glue for bonding. At present, we are pursuing these studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Autologous Platelet Rich Fibrin on the Healing of Experimental Articular Cartilage Defects of the Knee in an Animal Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davoud Kazemi ◽  
Ashraf Fakhrjou ◽  
Vahid Mirzazadeh Dizaji ◽  
Majid Khanzadeh Alishahi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Cartilage Lesions ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Autologous Platelet

The effect of autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF), a second generation platelet product, on the healing of experimental articular cartilage lesions was evaluated in an animal model. Full thickness cartilage lesions with a diameter of 6 mm and depth of 5 mm were created in the weight bearing area of femoral condyles of both hind limbs in 12 adult mixed breed dogs. Defects in the left hind limb of each dog were repaired by PRF implantation whereas those in the right hind limb were left empty. The animals were euthanized at 4, 16, and 24 weeks following surgery and the resultant repair tissue was investigated macroscopically and microscopically. The results of macroscopic and histological evaluations indicated that there were significant differences between the PRF treated and untreated defects. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the use of platelet rich fibrin as a source of autologous growth factors leads to improvement in articular cartilage repair.

scholarly journals Intra-articular Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for Treating Knee Pain Associated with Articular Cartilage and Degenerative Meniscal Lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 2484-2487
Author(s):  
Konstantin Mitev ◽  
Aleksandar Longurov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Biochemical Process ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Meniscal Lesions ◽  
Meniscus Lesions ◽  
Cartilage Injuries

BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentration of platelets that contain a large number of growth factors. These growth factors play a role in the regeneration, repair, and acceleration of the biochemical process, thereby reducing the pain associated with injuries of the articular cartilage and meniscus AIM: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the PRP method in the treatment of knee joint cartilage injuries and degenerative meniscus lesions as well as pain relief. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The process of obtaining PRP begins by taking 15 ml of blood from the patient with a special system called Arthrex Double Syringe system. The test tube is centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes. From the separated plasma, 5-6 ml PRP is taken and prepared for application. PRP is administered intra-articularly. RESULTS: At the Jan Mitrev Clinic in Skopje in 2018, PRP procedures were performed on 126 patients, 56 (44.4%) of whom were male, and 70 (55.6%) were female. The patients were evaluated by the Tegner Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (TLKSS) before applying 3 doses of PRP for 7 days as well as 3 and 6 months after the application of PRP. The results showed considerable improvement 3 months after the PRP application, and 6 months after the application the results remained approximately identical. CONCLUSION: The application of PRP in the field of medicine is widely applied, and it will continue to be because the understanding of PRP therapy is increasingly refined. This therapy represents a potential and latest method in short-term pain reduction, but additional studies are needed to prove its long-term effectiveness.

scholarly journals The use of a cartilage decellularized matrix scaffold for the repair of osteochondral defects: the importance of long-term studies in a large animal model

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Vindas Bolaños ◽  
S.M. Cokelaere ◽  
J.M. Estrada McDermott ◽  
K.E.M. Benders ◽  
U. Gbureck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Long Term Studies

Force Plate Analysis of Dogs with Bilateral Hip Dysplasia Treated with a Unilateral Triple Pelvic Osteotomy: A Long-term Review of Cases

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne R. Cockshutt ◽  
H. Dobson ◽  
C. W. Miller ◽  
D. L. Holmberg ◽  
Connie L. Taves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Hip Dysplasia ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pelvic Osteotomy ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Case Series Study

SummaryA retrospective case series study was done to determine the long-term outcome of operations upon dogs treated for canine hip dysplasia by means of a triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO). Twentyfour dogs with bilateral hip dysplasia, that received a unilateral TPO between January 1988 and June 1995, were re-examined at the Ontario Veterinary College. The assessment included physical, orthopedic and lameness examinations, standard blood work, pelvic radiographs and force plate gait analysis. They were compared to bilaterally dysplastic dogs that had not been treated, and also to normal dogs. Force plate data analysis demonstrated a significant increase in peak vertical force (PVF) and mean vertical force over stance (MVF) in the limb that underwent surgical correction by means of a TPO, when compared to the unoperated hip. It was determined that performing a unilateral TPO on a young dysplastic dog resulted in greater forces and weight bearing being projected through the TPO corrected limb when compared to the unoperated limb.Dogs with bilateral hip dysplasia treated with a unilateral triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) were assessed by force plate gait analysis, radiographs and orthopedic examination. There was a significant increase in hip Norberg angles over time, although degenerative changes did progress. Limbs that had been operated upon had significantly greater peak and mean ground reaction forces than limbs that had not received an operation.

Influence of Permeability on the Compressive Property of Articular Cartilage: A Scaffold-Free, Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Cartilage Repair

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Susa ◽  
Ryosuke Nansai ◽  
Norimasa Nakamura ◽  
Hiromichi Fujie
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Compressive Property ◽  
Chondral Defect ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Normal Cartilage ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Immunological Effects

Since the healing capacity of articular cartilage is limited, it is important to develop cell-based therapies for the repair of cartilage. Although synthetic or animal-derived scaffolds are frequently used for effective cell delivery long-term safety and efficiency of such scaffolds still remain unclear. We have been studying on a scaffold-free tissue engineered construct (TEC) bio-synthesized from synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [1]. As the TEC specimen is composed of cells with their native extracellular matrix, we believe that it is free from concern regarding long term immunological effects. our previous studies indicated that a porcine partial thickness chondral defect was successfully repaired with TEC but that the compressive property of the TEC-treated cartilage-like repaired tissue was different from normal cartilage in both immature and mature animals. Imura et al. found that the permeability of the immature porcine cartilage-like tissues repaired with TEC recovered to normal level for 6 months except the superficial layer [2]. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the depth-dependent permeability of mature porcine cartilage-like tissue repaired with TEC. Moreover, we investigated the effect of difference of permeability on the compressive property of articular cartilage using a finite element analysis (FEM).

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