Heat Transfer to Laminar Flow in Tapered Passages

1965 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Sparrow ◽  
J. B. Starr
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Wall Temperature ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Laminar Flows ◽  
Wall Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Plate Channel

Consideration is given to the fully developed heat-transfer characteristics of laminar flows in converging and diverging plane-walled passages. The analysis is carried out for the two fundamental thermal boundary conditions of prescribed wall heat flux and prescribed wall temperature. As a prelude to the heat-transfer analysis, a new solution for the velocity distribution is derived on the basis of a linearized momentum equation. The Nusselt number for flow in tapered passages is found to depend on the Reynolds number; this is in contrast to the situation for passages of longitudinally unchanging cross section wherein the Nusselt number is independent of the Reynolds number. In general, the Nusselt number for flow in a plane-walled diverging passage falls below that for the parallel-plate channel, while the Nusselt number for a converging flow is usually higher than that for a parallel-plate channel. Moreover, the fully developed Nusselt numbers for prescribed wall heat flux exceed those for prescribed wall temperature.

Numerical Heat Transfer and Entropy Analysis on Liquid Slip Flows Through Parallel-Plate Microchannels

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Shojaeian ◽  
Masoumeh Nedaei ◽  
Mehmet Yildiz ◽  
Ali Koşar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Entropy Generation ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Slip Flows

In this study, two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations of liquid slip flows in parallel-plate microchannels have been performed to obtain heat transfer characteristics and entropy generation rate under asymmetric heating conditions. Heat transfer analysis has been conducted along with second-law analysis through utilizing temperature-dependent thermophysical properties. The results indicate that temperature-dependent thermophysical properties have a positive effect on convective heat transfer and entropy generation. Nusselt numbers of the upper and lower plates and global entropy generation rates are significantly affected by slip parameter and heat flux ratio. It is shown that Nusselt number of the lower plate may have very large but finite values at a specific heat flux ratio. This finding resembles to analytical solutions, where singularities leading to an infinite Nusselt number exist.

An Experimental Study of Natural Convection in Vertical, Open-Ended, Concentric, and Eccentric Annular Channels

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Choueiri ◽  
S. Tavoularis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Heat Transfer Rate ◽  
Wall Temperature ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Wall Heat Flux ◽  
Annular Channels ◽  
Cylindrical Annulus

The effects of eccentricity on the natural convection heat transfer from a vertical open-ended cylindrical annulus with diameter ratio of 1.63 and aspect ratio of 18:1 have been investigated experimentally. Within the range of present conditions, and with the possible exclusion of the highest eccentricities, it was found that the flow was thermally fully developed in a considerable section of the apparatus, as indicated by the linear variation of wall temperature with height. This made it possible to estimate the mass flow rate from the wall temperature gradient in the mid-section of the annulus, and use it to calculate the bulk Reynolds number, which was found to be weakly sensitive to eccentricity for a constant wall heat flux and to increase with increased wall heat flux. With the exception of the very low eccentricity range in which it was insensitive to eccentricity, the overall heat transfer rate diminished monotonically with increasing eccentricity. Plots of the local azimuthal variation of the Nusselt number showed that, at low eccentricities, the heat transfer rate increased near the wider gap but decreased near the narrower gap. The average Nusselt number was found to decrease measurably with increasing eccentricity and to increase slightly with increasing heat flux within the examined range. In contrast, the Grashof number was found to be much more sensitive to changes in heat flux and only had a weak dependence on eccentricity.

Temperature Prediction Methodology for a Missile Flying at Low and High Altitudes

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 1794-1800
Author(s):  
G. Vijayakumar ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Kachroo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Wall Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Flight Data

Missiles fly at supersonic and hypersonic speeds. Airframe forms the aerodynamic shape of the missile and houses several components essential for mission with suitable structural supports. The missile airframe is subjected to high rate of heating caused by kinetic heating due to very high vehicle speed. Heat transfer analysis of the missile airframe structure is required to be performed for wall temperature predictions to select the material of missile construction with suitable wall thickness and also to check design adequacy for ensuring the safe operation in the severe thermal environment experienced during flight. This paper describes the methodology of evaluation of heat flux distribution over missile wall, prediction of missile wall temperature distribution considering airframe as heat sink and validation of the methodology against flight data. Heat flux has been estimated using classical engineering methods for both stagnation as well as off-stagnation regions including the effect of angle of attack, rarified flow, thermal radiation and solar heating. Transient three dimensional heat transfer analysis with convective and radiative boundary conditions has been carried out for predicting the missile wall temperature profiles. Parametric study has been carried out, considering various parameters such as material of construction, thickness and time duration. The prediction methodology has been validated and a close match is observed between the predictions and flight data.

Local Single-Phase Heat Transfer Research of Natural Circulation in Narrow Rectangular Channel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Zhu ◽  
Xiaxin Cao ◽  
Changqi Yan ◽  
Chunping Tian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Local Nusselt Number ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Rectangular Channel ◽  
Inlet Temperature

In order to explore and analyze the heat transfer characteristics in narrow rectangular channel, experiments on local single-phase heat transfer of natural circulation in a one-side heating narrow rectangular channel have been conducted under vertical and inclined condition. The thermotechnical parameters such as inlet temperature, heat flux and inclination angle varies during the experiments. The width of the flow channel is 40 mm and the narrow gap is 2 mm. It is heated from one side with a homogeneous and constant heat flux and the working medium is deionized water. Based on the experimental results, under vertical condition, the driving force in the loop goes up and the Reynolds number also increases when the inlet temperature is elevated, which causes an increase in local Nusselt number. When the heat flux rises, the local Nusselt number increases and the heat transfer temperature difference increases. The local Nusselts number is influenced by entrance effect and the entrance region length is computed for laminar and turbulent flow. Under inclined condition, with the inclination angle from −30° to 30°, it is found that when the inclination angle is positive, the local Nusselt number in fully developed region is larger than that under vertical condition and increases with the angle value, even though the Reynolds number decreases by the effect of incline. This phenomenon is explained by giving an analysis of the natural convection, which is characterized by the normal Grashof number, in the direction perpendicular to the heating plat. Moreover, the variation of heat transfer is also interpreted on the basis of field coordination principle. However, when the inclination angle is negative, the heat transfer shows no obvious difference between vertical condition and inclined condition.

Numerical Study of the Effects of Different Buoyancy Models on Supercritical Flow and Heat Transfer

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Y. Xu ◽  
T. Ma ◽  
M. Zeng ◽  
Q. W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Wall Temperature ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Wall Heat Flux ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Temperature Prediction ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer

Due to the dramatic changes in physical properties, the flow and heat transfer in supercritical fluid are significantly affected by buoyancy effects, especially when the ratio of inlet mass flux and wall heat flux is relatively small. In this study, the heat transfer of supercritical water in uniformly heated vertical tube is numerically investigated with different buoyancy models which are based on different calculation methods of the turbulent heat flux. The applicabilities of these buoyancy models are analyzed both in heat transfer enhancement and deterioration conditions. The simulation results show that these buoyancy models make few differences and give good wall temperature prediction in heat transfer enhancement condition when the ratio of inlet mass flux and wall heat flux is very small. With the increase of wall heat flux, the accuracy of wall temperature prediction reduces, and the differences between these buoyancy models become larger. No buoyancy model can currently make accurate wall temperature prediction in deterioration condition in this study.

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