Solar Energy Progress Report—1961

1962 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
John I. Yellott
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
National Physical Laboratory ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
The People ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

1961 has been a year of outstanding success in celestial applications of solar energy since, at the year’s end, no less than a dozen satellites are in orbit, carrying solar-powered radio and television transmitters. The first satellite to carry silicon cells into orbit, Vanguard I, is still transmitting after nearly four years of service, despite serious deterioration of its silicon cells due to the intense radiation of the Van Allen belt. Three major scientific conferences on solar energy were held during the year, with the addition of nearly two hundred papers to the growing body of literature on the subject. The largest of these gatherings, the United Nations Conference on New Sources of Energy, brought more than 500 participants from 80 nations together in Rome. A major improvement in small vapor-cycle power plants, developed at the National Physical Laboratory of Israel, was described and demonstrated in actual operation. Significant progress in direct solar-electrical converters of three types was reported, but costs are still far too high for terrestrial use. Solar water heaters continue to be the only commercially available devices which use the sun’s heat; 350,000 are now in use in Japan, while more than 20,000 units have been manufactured in Israel. The most pressing need for solar-activated equipment is found to exist in the field of refrigeration for the preservation of food and medicine in tropical regions where electricity from conventional sources lies far in the future. Intensified research is needed in all aspects of solar energy utilization to bring costs down to the point where the people of the world can afford to use the “free energy” from the sun.

Solar Energy Progress Report—1963

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
John I. Yellott
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Moderate Pressure ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Energy Utilization ◽  
Cell Arrays ◽  
Solar Pump ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

The most spectacular successes in solar-energy utilization in 1963 have been scored by the communications satellites, all of which are powered by megacell arrays of silicon solar batteries. So many satellites are now in orbit that it has literally become impossible to keep track of them. For the second generation of spacecraft, which will venture closer to the sun and also will need more power than today’s silicon cell arrays can conveniently produce, thermionic and thermoelectric converters and high-accuracy concentrators are now in the preflight test stage. On the earth’s surface, solar water heaters and low-capacity stills are gaining commercial acceptance in regions where fossil fuels and electricity are expensive. Production of drinking water from the sea and from brackish wells is receiving substantial research support, and encouraging progress is reported for both small and large solar stills. The much-needed solar pump and refrigerator are still awaiting the breakthrough which will result in low-cost collectors capable of generating steam or other vapors at moderate pressure. These projects urgently need financial support.

scholarly journals A Spatial-Based Integration Model for Regional Scale Solar Energy Technical Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Noorollahi ◽  
Mohammad Mohammadi ◽  
Hossein Yousefi ◽  
Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

One of the main objectives of human society in the present century is to achieve clean and sustainable energy through utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs). In this paper, the main purpose is to identify the locations that are suitable for solar energy in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Initially, solar-related data are collected, and suitable criterion and assessment methods are chosen according to the available data. Then, the theoretical potential of solar energy is assessed and the solar radiation map is prepared. Moreover, the technical potential of various solar technologies is evaluated in that study area. These technologies include concentrating solar power (CSP) and photovoltaic (PV) in power plant applications, and rooftop PV panels and solar water heaters in general applications. The results show that the Kurdistan province has the potential capacity for 691 MW of solar photovoltaic power plants and 645 MW of CSP plants. In the case of using solar water heaters, 283 million cubic meters of natural gas and 1.2 million liters of gasoline could be saved in fuel consumption. The savings in the application of domestic PV will be 10.2 MW in power generation.

scholarly journals The solar systems payback effect of the price decrease of communal electric prices and of the interest rate decrease of the Central Bank

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-473
Author(s):  
Henrik Zsiborács ◽  
Gábor Pintér ◽  
Béla Pályi
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Solar Systems

The energy is one of the most important needs of the humanity. One of its biggest challenge or danger is that the world's demand for energy continues to grow. The aim of present study is to review the introduction of solar energy utilization, the economic determination of the return of crystalline solar photovoltaic systems in Hungary, the electricity price reductions for individuals and the change in the payback period. The effect of the changing investment cost to the payback period based on the changes in electricity price reductions and in central bank interest rate is written in this study. An important question is for a household: decide by or against a solar (PV) system. The main direction of our recent research is the utilization of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy with crystalline solar systems. The research was carried out in solar-electric power plants extended from 1.5 kWp to 10 kWp. The calculation of payback time was performed by dynamic indices.

scholarly journals Parametric Quantification of Low GWP Refrigerant for Thermosyphon Driven Solar Water Heating System

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Evacuated Tube Collector ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Solar Water Heating System ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

Modern lifestyle, industrialization and economy thrive on energy which is getting expensive overtime. Thermosyphon based systems are getting attraction for their promising heat transfer efficiency and zero energy utilization. Refrigerants having ozone depletion potential (ODP) and high Global Warming Potential (GWP) have been banned or under time bared permission under Montreal (1987) and Kyoto (1997) protocols. We have devolved a Refrigerant Parametric Quantification (RPQ) method for the choice of optimal refrigerant for density driven solar water heaters. A set of 29 refrigerants are simulated Using REFPROP under various temperature and pressure conditions. The optimal parameters of thermosyphon system are identified from governing equations, international environment safety protocols and open literature. The proposed RPQ method shows most appropriate refrigerant for given temperature range. In second part, the proposed system is simulated in TRNSYS using forced circulation method. In the end, a glass evacuated tube collector is developed and tested on the principal of thermosyphon, employing the best refrigerant emerged from simulation study.

Theoretical Study of Solar Energy Aided Auxiliary Steam System

2014 ◽  
Vol 654 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Meng Jiao Wang ◽  
Hong Juan Hou ◽  
Yong Ping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy Utilization ◽  
Steam System

This paper proposed using solar energy as the auxiliary heat source of coal-fired power plants’ auxiliary steam system based on the current status of the coal-fired power generation and solar energy utilization. Taking a 600MW coal-fired power unit as an example to analysis, it is shown that the thermal performance of the integrated system is improved and the coal consumption rate declines, which radically reduces power plants’ emissions of greenhouse gas and pollutants.

Solar Energy Progress Report—1965

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Yellott
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Solar Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Batteries

Spectacular successes in space for helioelectric systems using silicon solar batteries and a gradual emergence into economic significance of heliothermal processes on earth are the outstanding achievements which are discussed in this fourth biennial Progress Report. Solar batteries, still far too expensive for any but the most specialized applications here on earth, have become the standard sources of power for satellites and space probes. In Japan, Africa, Australia, Israel, and many of the Mediterranean nations, solar water heaters are now competitive with electric and fuel-burning heaters, while solar stills capable of supplying drinking water for entire towns are now being built on many Greek islands. Some progress is reported for mechanical power systems, but the goal of a simple, low-cost replacement for primitive muscle-powered pumps has not yet been achieved. Because of the importance of the space program to the nation’s economy, this report deals at some length with satellite power problems. Life-support systems based on solar energy will soon be equally important, since algae culture for oxygen recovery and solar still techniques for water regeneration are being studied for use in the lengthy space missions which are now being contemplated.

System Design of Testing System for Truck-Mounted Solar Collector

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 578-582
Author(s):  
Yuan Chao Deng ◽  
Yu Ning Zhong ◽  
Tao He
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Reduced Volume ◽  
Solar Water Heaters ◽  
Force Calculation

The truck-mounted solar collector testing system is a flexible and convenient testing device. However design of thus a system is much more difficult than that of the fixed solar collector testing system, because it needs consideration in every respect so as to make sure the following: accurate testing, accommodation of the reduced volume of the testing system, stability of the testing system, addition of a removable device and so on. This article explores the systematic design of the truck-mounted solar collector testing system, points out the design issues to be considered, propose an appropriate design plan, and finally conducts the main force calculation. Solar energy is one of the cleanest sources; it is green and pollution-free. Today, environmental pollution is getting worse and worse; thus application of solar energy is becoming more extensive. A solar collector is defined as any of various devices that absorb the solar radiation and deliver the heat energy to the medium of heat transfer device. Solar collectors are not a direct consumer-oriented product, but key components that form various solar thermal systems, such as solar water heaters, solar energy dryers, solar industrial heaters and so on, of which the solar collectors are a core part of the system. At present solar heat pipe collectors and collector plates are the two most widely used products of solar collectors. Factory productions of such products are subject to inspection before they can be put on the market. Currently product testing of this kind is performed collectively in fixed locations; consequently, it is vulnerable to the geographical conditions, climate changes, and other factors in the location. A truck-mounted solar collector testing system is a system that integrates both testing systems, heat pipe collectors and collector plates, in a vehicle, which can be driven into the manufacturers that produce heat pipes and/or heat plates or other places where testing conditions can be met according to the requirements. By doing so, the problems associated with the fixed testing system can be solved. However, design of truck-mounted type solar collector testing system is much more difficult than that of fixed solar collector testing system. In addition to testing accuracy, it must also take the reduced volume of the testing system into account to ensure that the system can be accommodated into a smaller space of the vehicle. Furthermore, the stability of the testing system must be assured. Finally a removable device needs to be added to the system for convenience. In the following, we show our design of the truck-mounted solar collector testing system and calculations for the related stress analysis.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Raisin dryer using Solar Powered Air Blower

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-138
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Air Blower ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
Solar Powered

This project describes the drying of grapes using a solar powered air blower and a heating module (peltier chip) .The preparation and maintenance of grapes has been considered to be a major complex issue for a long time. In order to achieve more product and higher marks and achieve customer satisfaction more attention is given to quality features. Quality factors including color, size, taste were very important as they would differ from the dehydration process. This project is used to reduce drying time by using solar energy. Solar power plants are important in the tropics, which face challenges in accessing electricity, which severely limits the refrigeration usage as storage of agricultural products is limited, and the need to make products competitive overseas. In this project, the solar energy used to dry food is described; it is thought that hot weather conditions are favorable during the summer season. A DC drive for suction fan operation is used to send atmospheric air into the system and the air temperature is increased using a peltier chip placed in the air. DC's utility system is powered by a battery charged with the help of solar panels and electricity supply. It works well that the design will be able to shorten the final product time rather than the traditional method.

Analysis of the Rural House Energy-Saving Technology in Gansu

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
Peng Di ◽  
Qin Yao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Biogas Energy ◽  
Solar Water Heaters ◽  
Rural Construction

in the context of China accelerates the new rural construction and promotes residential energy-saving, through a combination of Gansu climate, resources and rural house features, analyzed the material selection, forms and practices of rural house envelope, found the fundamental cause of leading the energy consumption and poor insulation in local rural house, and made some concrete improvements. Meanwhile, studied the application of passive solar houses, solar water heaters, as well as "four in one" type of biogas energy utilization system model in a local rural house, to improve energy efficiency and provide a reference to the new rural development.

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