Examining the LEED Rating System Using Inverse Optimization

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarina D. O. Turner ◽  
Timothy C. Y. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Inverse Optimization ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Point System ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Certification Program ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Inverse Optimization Problem

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system is the most recognized green building certification program in North America. In order to be LEED certified, a building must earn a sufficient number of points, which are obtained through achieving certain credits or design elements. In LEED versions 1 and 2, each credit was worth one point. In version 3, the LEED system changed so that certain credits were worth more than one point. In this study, we develop an inverse optimization approach to examine how building designers intrinsically valued design elements in LEED version 2. Because of the change in the point system between version 2 and version 3, we aim to determine whether building designers actually valued each credit equally, and if not, whether their valuations matched the values in version 3. Due to the large dimensionality of the inverse optimization problem, we develop an approximation to improve tractability. We apply our method to 306 different LEED-certified buildings in the continental United States. We find that building designers did not value all credits equally and that other factors such as cost, building type, and size, and certification level play a role in how the credits are valued. Overall, inverse optimization may provide a new method to assess historical data and support the design of future versions of LEED.

Examining the LEED Rating System Using Approximate Inverse Optimization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarina D. O. Turner ◽  
Timothy C. Y. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Green Building ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inverse Optimization ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Approximate Inverse ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Inverse Optimization Problem

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system is the most recognized green building certification program in North America. In order to be LEED certified, a building must earn a certain number of points, which are obtained through achieving certain credits or design elements. Prior to LEED version 3, each credit was worth one point. In this study, we develop an inverse optimization approach to examine how building designers intrinsically valued design elements in LEED version 2. Due to the large dimensionality of the inverse optimization problem, we develop an approximation to improve tractability. We apply our method to 18 different LEED-certified buildings in the United States. We find that building designers did not value all credits equally and that other factors such as cost and certification level play a role in how the credits are valued. Overall, inverse optimization may provide a new method to assess historical data and support the design of future versions of LEED.

scholarly journals AN INVERSE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM OF HEAT TRANSFER IN THE MACHINING PROCESS – A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Marin Gostimirovic ◽  
◽  
Milenko Sekulic ◽  
Dragan Rodic ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Inverse Optimization ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Machining Conditions ◽  
Inverse Optimization Problem ◽  
Creep Feed Grinding ◽  
Creep Feed

This paper reports on the results of research on thermal aspects in the process of material removal by inverse heat transfer problem. The research focuses on the identification, modeling and optimization of machining process based on the measured temperature at a particular point of the workpiece. The inverse approach determines the overall temperature distribution of the workpiece and the unknown heat flux at the tool/workpiece interface in machining. By introducing and minimizing an objective function based on the heat flux function, relationship of the heating power and duration on the surface layer of the workpiece is optimized. In this way, the most favourable machining conditions are determined in order to achieve high productivity and quality levels. The inverse optimization problem is solved by using the analytical, numerical and regularization methods. Formulation, application and analysis of the inverse optimization problem of heat transfer are shown on the example of creep-feed grinding. The creep-feed grinding process is a widely used abrasive machining process that is characterized by high thermal load of the workpiece. The results of the inverse optimization problem were verified by a series of experiments under different machining conditions.

An inverse optimization approach for determining weights of joint displacement objective function for upper body kinematic posture prediction

Robotica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuling Zou ◽  
Qinghong Zhang ◽  
Jingzhou (James) Yang ◽  
Jared Gragg
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Inverse Optimization ◽  
Displacement Function ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Posture Prediction ◽  
Joint Displacement

SUMMARYHuman posture prediction can often be formulated as a nonlinear multiobjective optimization (MOO) problem. The joint displacement function is considered as a benchmark of human performance measures. When the joint displacement function is used as the objective function, posture prediction is a MOO problem. The weighted-sum method is commonly used to find a Pareto solution of this MOO problem. Within the joint displacement function, the relative value of the weights associated with each joint represents the relative importance of that joint. Usually, weights are determined by trial and error approaches. This paper presents a systematic approach via an inverse optimization approach to determine the weights for the joint displacement function in posture prediction. This inverse optimization problem can be formulated as a bi-level optimization problem. The design variables are joint angles and weights. The cost function is the summation of the differences between two set of joint angles (the design variables and the realistic posture). Constraints include (1) normalized weights within limits and (2) an inner optimization problem to solve for joint angles (predicted posture). Additional constraints such as weight limits and weight linear equality constraints, obtained through observations, are also implemented in the formulation to test the method. A 24 degree of freedom human upper body model is used to study the formulation and visualize the prediction. An in-house motion capture system is used to obtain the realistic posture. Four different percentiles of subjects are selected to run the experiment. The set of weights for the general seated posture prediction is obtained by averaging all weights for all subjects and all tasks. On the basis of obtained set of weights, the predicted postures match the experimental results well.

scholarly journals A Methodological Framework for Sustainable Office Building Renovation Using Green Building Rating Systems and Cost-Benefit Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6156
Author(s):  
Nataša Šuman ◽  
Mojca Marinič ◽  
Milan Kuhta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Benefit Analysis

Sustainable development is a priority for the future of our society. Sustainable development is of particular importance to the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry, both for new buildings and for the renovation of existing buildings. Great potential for sustainable development lies in the renovation of existing office buildings. This paper introduces a new framework for identifying the best set of renovation strategies for existing office buildings. The framework applies selected green building rating system criteria and cost-effective sustainable renovation solutions based on cost-benefit analysis (CBA), and thus provides a novelty in decision-making support for the sustainable renovation of office buildings at an early-stage. The framework covers all necessary steps and activities including data collection, determination of the required level of renovation, selection of the green building rating system, identification of impact categories and criteria, and final evaluation and decision-making using CBA. The framework can be used in conjunction with different systems and according to different regional characteristics. The applicability of the addressing procedure is shown through a case study of a comprehensive renovation of an office building in the city of Maribor.

Frequency optimization of laminated functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite quadrilateral plates using smoothed FEM and evolution algorithm

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (14) ◽  
pp. 1971-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Vo-Duy ◽  
T Truong-Thi ◽  
V Ho-Huu ◽  
T Nguyen-Thoi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Evolution Algorithm

The paper presents an efficient numerical optimization approach to deal with the optimization problem for maximizing the fundamental frequency of laminated functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite quadrilateral plates. The proposed approach is a combination of the cell-based smoothed discrete shear gap method (CS-DSG3) for analyzing the first natural frequency of the functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite plates and a global optimization algorithm, namely adaptive elitist differential evolution algorithm (aeDE), for solving the optimization problem. The design variables are the carbon nanotube orientation in the layers and constrained in the range of integer numbers belonging to [−900 900]. Several numerical examples are presented to investigate optimum design of quadrilateral laminated functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite plates with various parameters such as carbon nanotube distribution, carbon nanotube volume fraction, boundary condition and number of layers.

Qualitative Knowledge and Manufacturing Considerations in Multidisciplinary Structural Optimization of Hybrid Material Structures

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Huber ◽  
Horst Baier
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Optimal Designs ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Qualitative Knowledge ◽  
Typical Design

An optimization approach is derived from typical design problems of hybrid material structures, which provides the engineer with optimal designs. Complex geometries, different materials and manufacturing aspects are handled as design parameters using a genetic algorithm. To take qualitative information into account, fuzzy rule based systems are utilized in order to consider all relevant aspects in the optimization problem. This paper shows results for optimization tasks on component and structural level.

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