scholarly journals Measured Biaxial Residual Stress Maps in a Stainless Steel Weld

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell D. Olson ◽  
Michael R. Hill ◽  
Vipul I. Patel ◽  
Ondrej Muránsky ◽  
Thomas Sisneros
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Biaxial Stress ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Steel Weld ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Stainless Steel Weld

This paper describes a sequence of residual stress measurements made to determine a two-dimensional map of biaxial residual stress in a stainless steel weld. A long stainless steel (316L) plate with an eight-pass groove weld (308L filler) was used. The biaxial stress measurements follow a recently developed approach, comprising a combination of contour method and slitting measurements, with a computation to determine the effects of out-of-plane stress on a thin slice. The measured longitudinal stress is highly tensile in the weld- and heat-affected zone, with a maximum around 450 MPa, and compressive stress toward the transverse edges around −250 MPa. The total transverse stress has a banded profile in the weld with highly tensile stress at the bottom of the plate (y = 0) of 400 MPa, rapidly changing to compressive stress (at y = 5 mm) of −200 MPa, then tensile stress at the weld root (y = 17 mm) and in the weld around 200 MPa, followed by compressive stress at the top of the weld at around −150 MPa. The results of the biaxial map compare well with the results of neutron diffraction measurements and output from a computational weld simulation.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Residual Stress in 06Cr19Ni10 Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Joint with Effects of Strain-Strengthening

2016 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Qing Tang ◽  
Hui Fang Li ◽  
Xiao Xiao Wang ◽  
Cai Fu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Steel Weld ◽  
Stainless Steel Weld ◽  
Steel Weld Joint ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld ◽  
Strain Strengthening

In this paper, Finite Element Modeling (FEM) using Marc software was carried out to investigate the strain-strengthening effect on residual stress in 06Cr19Ni10 austenitic stainless steel weld joint made by MIG welding. The model prediction of residual stress was validated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method. It is found that there is a good agreement between the model predictions and the experimental results. The strain-strengthening can significantly improve the distribution of residual welding stress. Specifically in weld zone and the heat-affected zone (HAZ), residual stress decreases with increasing strain-strengthening level.

scholarly journals Остаточные напряжения в несущей ленте AISI 310S на этапе нанесения буферного слоя YSZ при изготовлении ВТСП-2 провода

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
А.В. Иродова ◽  
И.Д. Карпов ◽  
В.С. Круглов ◽  
В.Е. Крылов ◽  
С.В. Шавкин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Rolling Plane ◽  
Mechanical Polishing ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Stainless Steel Aisi

Using neutron diffraction we determined internal residual stress in the stainless steel AISI 310S carrier tape with a thickness of 100 μm and a width of 4 mm after mechanical polishing and the ABAD deposition of the textured YSZ buffer layer. It is shown that mechanical polishing causes a slight distension of the tape in the rolling plane. After the deposition of the YSZ layer, uniform tensile stress of 70 MPa isotropic in the rolling plane was observed inside the tape. Calculations have shown that it results from relaxation of compressive stress acting on the surface of the tape in a layer several times thicker than the YSZ layer. It is assumed that the surface of the tape is plastically deformed during the YSZ deposition.

Residual Stress Measurements Revealing Weld Bead Start and Stop Effects in Single and Multi-Pass Weld-Runs

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Bouchard ◽  
Javier R. Santisteban ◽  
Lyndon Edwards ◽  
Mark Turski ◽  
Jon James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Weld Bead ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Stress Variations ◽  
Welding Direction

This paper describes transverse residual stress and strain measurements aimed at quantifying end effects in single and multi-pass weld-runs. Two test specimens are examined: a 60 mm long weld bead deposited on the surface of a 180 mm × 120 mm × 17 mm thick stainless steel plate, and a 62° arc-length multi-pass repair weld in a 432 mm outer diameter, 19.6 mm thick stainless steel pipe girth weld. The residual stress measurements were made by employing the relatively new Contour method and by neutron diffraction using ENGIN-X, the engineering spectrometer at the ISIS facility of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). The measured underlying transverse residual stress levels are observed to be essentially uniform directly beneath the weld bead in the plate specimen and in the heat affected zone beneath the capping passes moving from mid-length towards the stop-end of the pipe repair. However, results from both test components demonstrate the existence of short-range concentrations of transverse residual stress along the welding direction owing to individual weld capping bead start and stop effects. Such short length-scale stress variations must be allowed for when interpreting residual stress measurements from line-scans. The experimental work also demonstrates the importance of knowing the expected stress or strain distribution prior to choosing measurement lines for detailed study. The Contour measurement method and neutron strain scanning are powerful tools for mapping residual stress and strain fields.

BWR Shroud Weld Off-Axis Crack Growth Investigation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Broussard ◽  
Wayne Lunceford
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Welding Residual Stress ◽  
Steel Weld ◽  
Intergranular Stress Corrosion ◽  
The Core ◽  
Stainless Steel Weld ◽  
Residual Stress Analysis ◽  
Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking

Recent inspections have identified cracking in the core shroud that is atypical in that the cracks exhibit characteristics inconsistent with traditionally reported intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) occurring within stainless steel weld heat-affected zones (HAZs). These flaws are oriented transverse to the weld and are observed to propagate significantly beyond the weld HAZ. This paper describes the investigations which have been performed to quantify the likely limits on growth of these “off-axis” SCC cracks. The investigation includes welding residual stress analysis to determine the stress field present adjacent to the weld and crack tip SIF calculations for the bivariant stress field.

Simulation and Measurement of Through–Wall Residual Stresses in a Structural Weld Overlaid Pressurizer Nozzle

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Marlette ◽  
Paula Freyer ◽  
Michael Smith ◽  
Andrew Goodfellow ◽  
Xavier Pitoiset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Steel Weld ◽  
Deep Hole ◽  
Deep Hole Drilling ◽  
Dissimilar Metal ◽  
Stainless Steel Weld ◽  
Stress Profiles

Full structural weld overlays (FSWOLs) have been used extensively as a repair/mitigation technique for primary water stress corrosion cracking in pressurizer nozzle dissimilar metal (DM) welds. To support an approved FSWOL design and safety submission for British Energy pressurized water reactor (PWR) nozzles, an in-depth evaluation was performed to assess the effects of a FSWOL on the through wall residual stress distribution in safety/relief pressurizer nozzles. Two safety/relief pressurizer nozzle mockups were fabricated based on British Energy’s PWR nozzle design. One mockup included the nozzle to safe-end DM weld and the safe-end to stainless steel weld, while the second mockup included the DM weld, the stainless steel weld, and a Westinghouse designed structural weld overlay. The mockups were fabricated utilizing materials and techniques that represented the plant specific nozzles as closely as possible and detailed welding parameters were recorded during fabrication. All welds were subsequently nondestructively evaluated (NDE). A thorough review of the detailed fabrication records and the NDE results was performed and several circumferential positions were selected on each mockup for subsequent residual stress measurement. The through wall residual stress profiles were experimentally measured through the DM weld centerline at the selected circumferential positions using both the deep-hole drilling (DHD) and incremental deep-hole drilling (iDHD) measurement techniques. In addition to experimental residual stress measurements, the through-wall residual stress profiles were simulated using a 2D axisymmetric ansys™ finite element (FE) model. The model utilized the application of temperature constraints on the weld elements to simulate the thermal welding cycle which greatly simplified the simulation as compared with detailed heat source modeling methods. Kinematic strain hardening was used for material modeling of the weld and base metals. A range of residual weld stress profiles was calculated by varying the time at which the temperature constraints were applied to the model. The simulation results were compared with the measurement results. It was found that the effects of the FSWOL were principally threefold. Specifically, the FSWOL causes a much deeper compressive stress field, i.e., the overlay shifts tension out toward the outside diameter (OD) surface. Furthermore, the FSWOL reduces tension in the underlying dissimilar metal weld, and finally, the FSWOL causes higher peak compressive and tensile residual stresses, both of which move deeper into the nozzle wall after the overlay is applied. Relatively good agreement was observed between the FE results and the measurements results.

scholarly journals Residual Stress Measurement in a Stainless Steel Clad Ferritic Plate Using the Contour Method

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Naveed ◽  
Foroogh Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Jan Kowal
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Steel Weld ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Stainless Steel Weld

In pressure vessels stainless steel weld-overlay cladding is a widely used technique to provide a protective barrier between the corrosive environment and the ferritic low alloy base metal. While the cladding layers enhance corrosion resistance, the induced residual stresses due to the deposition of weld layers are of major concern. It is of paramount importance to understand how residual stresses interact with service loading when the vessel is pressurized. Therefore, knowledge of the initial residual stresses due to cladding is an essential input for structural integrity assessment of pressure vessels. In the present paper the Contour Method was conducted to measure residual stresses in an austenitic steel cladded plate that was fabricated from a ferritic steel base plate with three layers of austenitic stainless steel weld metal cladding deposited on the top surface. The Contour Method was chosen for various reasons. First, it provides a full 2D variation of residual stresses over the plane of interest. Second, it is not limited by the thickness of components or microstructural variations and finally it should potentially capture the variation of residual stresses in each individual weld beads and due to the possible phase transformation in the ferritic base material. The map of longitudinal residual stresses was measured by sectioning the test component along a transverse plane at mid-length. The measured residual stresses were in good agreement with published results in the open literature.

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