An Adaptive Wind Turbine Controller Considering Both the System Performance and Fatigue Loading

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheren Ma ◽  
Mohamed L. Shaltout ◽  
Dongmei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Resonance Effect ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Energy Capture ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
The Impact

Wind energy is a clean and renewable source for electricity generation. To reduce the costs associated with wind power generation, development of a control methodology that maximizes the wind energy capture and mitigates the turbine fatigue loading is desired. In this paper, a new adaptive gain modified optimal torque controller (AGMOTC) for wind turbine partial load operation is presented. A gain-scheduling technique with an internal proportional integral (PI) control is developed to accelerate the controller's convergence to a reference tip speed ratio (TSR). The reference TSR is then adjusted to its optimal value in real-time through an adaptive algorithm capable of rejecting model uncertainties and estimation errors of the control gain. A fatigue mitigation method is also designed to reduce the impact of exacerbated tower bending moments due to the resonance effect. The proposed AGMOTC is evaluated based on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW wind turbine model using the NREL fast simulator. Simulation results have shown that the AGMOTC has improved efficiency and robustness in wind energy capture and reduced tower fatigue loading as compared to the traditional control technique.

Research on Capture the Maximum Wind Energy Base on Fuzzy PID Controller

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 1422-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ming Liu ◽  
En Yong Yi ◽  
Xiao Dong Wang ◽  
Hong Fang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Energy Capture ◽  
Maximum Wind ◽  
Fuzzy Pid Controller ◽  
Doubly Fed ◽  
Random Fluctuations

Abstract:This paper studies the control strategy of doubly-fed wind turbine to capture the maximum wind energy.The maximum wind energy capture is a more important part of the wind generation. Due to random fluctuations of the wind speed, to track the maximum power of wind turbine,we need to constantly adjust the speed of the generator, so that the generation run in the optimal tip speed ratio in different wind conditions,in order to achieve maximum power tracking. In this paper, the stator output indirect control the generator speed to achieve maximum wind energy capture,and decoupling control of active power and reactive power can be achieved.the MATLAB / SIMULINK simulation results verify the correctness and feasibility of this method.

Adaptive Gain Modified Optimal Torque Controller for Wind Turbine Partial Load Operation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheren Ma ◽  
Mohamed L. Shaltout ◽  
Dongmei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Gain Scheduling ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Operating Point ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, an adaptive gain modified optimal torque controller (AGMOTC) is proposed and evaluated for wind turbine partial load operation. An internal PI technique is applied for gain scheduling in order to accelerate the controller response under volatile wind speed while the adaptive searching technique endows the controller with robust convergence to the optimal operating point under plant uncertainties. The light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technology is integrated with the AGMOTC to provide reliable previewed wind speed measurements. Simulations on the NREL 5MW wind turbine show that the LIDAR-enabled AGMOTC outperforms the baseline controller considering the wind energy yield. Additionally, the results show the impact of the proposed controller on the wind turbine fatigue loads.

scholarly journals MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING ALGORITHM AND COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DIRECT DRIVE DOUBLY FED INDUCTION GENERATOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Y. LAN ◽  
S. T. DAI ◽  
M. TAO ◽  
X. F. YAN
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Tracking Algorithm ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Energy Capture ◽  
Maximum Power Tracking ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Doubly Fed

On the basis of the preliminary understanding and analysis of the dynamic performance of the permanent magnet doubly fed wind generator, a mathematical model is established by the method of mechanism modeling. The simulation model of the whole wind turbine is built under the Simulink running environment, and the system is designed by computer aided method. In this paper, the maximum power tracking algorithm is mainly studied. Based on the basic method of maximum wind energy capture, two simulation models of the maximum power tracking algorithm are built, including the tip speed ratio method and the power signal feedback method. Finally, the correctness of the wind turbine model is verified by the analysis of the simulation results. Under the condition of lower wind speed, two kinds of wind energy capture methods are compared and simulated, which can better reflect the performance of the maximum power tracking control algorithm.

Design and performance evaluation of vertical axis wind turbine for wind energy harvesting at railway

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashwini Lalchand Thadani ◽  
Fadia Dyni Zaaba ◽  
Muhammad Raimi Mohammad Shahrizal ◽  
Arjun Singh Jaj A. Jaspal Singh Jaj ◽  
Yun Ii Go
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThis paper aims to design an optimum vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) and assess its techno-economic performance for wind energy harvesting at high-speed railway in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis project adopted AutoCAD and ANSYS modeling tools to design and optimize the blade of the turbine. The site selected has a railway of 30 km with six stops. The vertical turbines are placed 1 m apart from each other considering the optimum tip speed ratio. The power produced and net present value had been analyzed to evaluate its techno-economic viability.FindingsComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0020 blade has been carried out. For a turbine with wind speed of 50 m/s and swept area of 8 m2, the power generated is 245 kW. For eight trains that operate for 19 h/day with an interval of 30 min in nonpeak hours and 15 min in peak hours, total energy generated is 66 MWh/day. The average cost saved by the train stations is RM 16.7 mil/year with battery charging capacity of 12 h/day.Originality/valueWind energy harvesting is not commonly used in Malaysia due to its low wind speed ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 m/s. Conventional wind turbine requires a minimum cut-in wind speed of 11 m/s to overcome the inertia and starts generating power. Hence, this paper proposes an optimum design of VAWT to harvest an unconventional untapped wind sources from railway. The research finding complements the alternate energy harvesting technologies which can serve as reference for countries which experienced similar geographic constraints.

scholarly journals Tourist Viewshed Externalities and Wind Energy Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob R. Fooks ◽  
Kent D. Messer ◽  
Joshua M. Duke ◽  
Janet B. Johnson ◽  
Tongzhe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Hotel Room ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Wind

This study uses an experiment where ferry passengers are sold hotel room “views” to evaluate the impact of wind turbines views on tourists’ vacation experience. Participants purchase a chance for a weekend hotel stay. Information about the hotel rooms was limited to the quality of the hotel and its distance from a large wind turbine, as well as whether or not a particular room would have a view of the turbine. While there was generally a negative effect of turbine views, this did not hold across all participants, and did not seem to be effected by distance or hotel quality.

scholarly journals Attempt to quantify the impact of seasonal air density variation on operating tip-speed ratio of small wind turbines

2021 ◽  
Vol 2090 (1) ◽  
pp. 012144
Author(s):  
Hiroki Suzuki ◽  
Yutaka Hasegawa ◽  
O.D. Afolabi Oluwasola ◽  
Shinsuke Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Governing Equation ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Tip Speed Ratio ◽  
Air Density ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aerodynamic Torque

Abstract This study presents the impact of seasonal variation in air density on the operating tip-speed ratio of small wind turbines. The air density, which varies depending on the temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity, has an annual amplitude of about 5% in Tokyo, Japan. This study quantified this impact using the rotational speed equation of motion in a small wind turbine informed by previous work. This governing equation has been simplified by expanding the aerodynamic torque coefficient profile for a wind turbine rotor to the tip-speed ratio. Furthermore, this governing equation is simplified by using nondimensional forms of the air density, inflow wind velocity, and rotational speed with their characteristic values. In this study, the generator’s load is set to be constant based on a previous analysis of a small wind turbine. By considering the equilibrium between the aerodynamic torque and the load torque of the governing equation at the optimum tip-speed ratio, the impact of the variation in the air density on the operating tip-speed ratio was expressed using a simple mathematical form. As shown in this derived form, the operating tip-speed ratio was found to be less sensitive to a variation in air density than that in inflow wind velocity.

scholarly journals Numerical and experimental investigations of the impacts of the integration of wind energy into distribution network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ramesh Kumar Behara
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Doubly Fed ◽  
The Impact

The growing needs for electric power around the world has resulted in fossil fuel reserves to be consumed at a much faster rate. The use of these fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas have led to huge consequences on the environment, prompting the need for sustainable energy that meets the ever increasing demands for electrical power. To achieve this, there has been a huge attempt into the utilisation of renewable energy sources for power generation. In this context, wind energy has been identified as a promising, and environmentally friendly renewable energy option. Wind turbine technologies have undergone tremendous improvements in recent years for the generation of electrical power. Wind turbines based on doubly fed induction generators have attracted particular attention because of their advantages such as variable speed, constant frequency operation, reduced flicker, and independent control capabilities for maximum power point tracking, active and reactive powers. For modern power systems, wind farms are now preferably connected directly to the distribution systems because of cost benefits associated with installing wind power in the lower voltage networks. The integration of wind power into the distribution network creates potential technical challenges that need to be investigated and have mitigation measures outlined. Detailed in this study are both numerical and experimental models to investigate these potential challenges. The focus of this research is the analytical and experimental investigations in the integration of electrical power from wind energy into the distribution grid. Firstly, the study undertaken in this project was to carry out an analytical investigation into the integration of wind energy in the distribution network. Firstly, the numerical simulation was implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink software. Secondly, the experimental work, was conducted at the High Voltage Direct Centre at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The goal of this project was to simulate and conduct experiments to evaluate the level of penetration of wind energy, predict the impact on the network, and propose how these impacts can be mitigated. From the models analysis, the effects of these challenges intensify with the increased integration of wind energy into the distribution network. The control strategies concept of the doubly fed induction generator connected wind turbine was addressed to ascertain the required control over the level of wind power penetration in the distribution network. Based on the investigation outcomes we establish that the impact on the voltage and power from the wind power integration in the power distribution system has a goal to maintain quality and balance between supply and demand.

Effect of Slotted Angle on Savonius Wind Turbine Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Rahmat Wahyudi ◽  
Diniar Mungil Kurniawati ◽  
Alfian Djafar
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Angle Variation ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Savonius Wind Turbine ◽  
Low Wind Speeds

The potential of wind energy is very abundant but its utilization is still low. The effort to utilize wind energy is to utilize wind energy into electrical energy using wind turbines. Savonius wind turbines have a very simple shape and construction, are inexpensive, and can be used at low wind speeds. This research aims to determine the effect of the slot angle on the slotted blades configuration on the performance produced by Savonius wind turbines. Slot angle variations used are 5o ,10o , and 15o with slotted blades 30% at wind speeds of 2,23 m/s to 4,7 m/s using wind tunnel. The result showed that a small slot angle variation of 5o produced better wind turbine performance compared to a standard blade at low wind speeds and a low tip speed ratio.

scholarly journals Potential of Wind Energy in Albania and Kosovo: Equity Payback and GHG Reduction of Wind Turbine Installation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Mevlan Qafleshi ◽  
Driton R. Kryeziu ◽  
Lulezime Aliko
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
The Impact

The energy generation in Albania is completely from the hydropower plants. In terms of GHG emissions this is 100% green. In Kosovo 97% of energy is generated from lignite fired power plants. Apart the energy generation, the combustion process emits around 8000 ktCO2/yr and 1.5 Mt of ash in the form of fly and bottom ash. In both countries there is no MWh power generated from wind energy, i.e. this energy source is not utilized. Here, a proposed project for five locations in Albania and Kosovo has been analyzed in detail with the aim of installing a 1kW wind turbine off-grid. The method of study is based on the application of RETScreen International program software. This proposed model is intended to replace a base case- a diesel generator with installed capacity 7kW.  The locations are selected three in Albania: Vlora, Korça and Elbasan, and two in Kosovo: Prishtina and Prizren. All are in different altitudes. By the calculation of RETScreen program, it has been analyzed the feasibility of the proposed projects by installing a wind turbine at hub’s height 20m. The climate data for each location were retrieved by the RETScreen program from NASA. Generally, the calculation of financial parameters for the investments came out to be positive, the impact of GHG reduction very significant. A 5500 USD investment for the implementation of proposed case showed an equity payback time of 2-3 yrs and GHG reduction of 2.2 tCO2/yr. The electricity delivery to load only from this 1 KW wind turbine resulted to be between 1.6-17 MWh/yr.

The Impact of Ice Formation on Wind Turbine Performance and Aerodynamics

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barber ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
S. Jafari ◽  
N. Chokani ◽  
R. S. Abhari
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Power Curves

Wind energy is the world’s fastest growing source of electricity production; if this trend is to continue, sites that are plentiful in terms of wind velocity must be efficiently utilized. Many such sites are located in cold, wet regions such as the Swiss Alps, the Scandinavian coastline, and many areas of China and North America, where the predicted power curves can be of low accuracy, and the performance often deviates significantly from the expected performance. There are often prolonged shutdown and inefficient heating cycles, both of which may be unnecessary. Thus, further understanding of the effects of ice formation on wind turbine blades is required. Experimental and computational studies are undertaken to examine the effects of ice formation on wind turbine performance. The experiments are conducted on a dynamically scaled model in the wind turbine test facility at ETH Zurich. The central element of the facility is a water towing tank that enables full-scale nondimensional parameters to be more closely matched on a subscale model than in a wind tunnel. A novel technique is developed to yield accurate measurements of wind turbine performance, incorporating the use of a torquemeter with a series of systematic measurements. These measurements are complemented by predictions obtained using a commercial Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics code. The measured and predicted results show that icing typical of that found at the Guetsch Alpine Test Site (2330 m altitude) can reduce the power coefficient by up to 22% and the annual energy production (AEP) by up to 2%. Icing in the blade tip region, 95–100% blade span, has the most pronounced effect on the wind turbine’s performance. For wind turbines in more extreme icing conditions typical of those in Bern Jura, for example, icing can result in up to 17% losses in AEP. Icing at high altitude sites does not cause significant AEP losses, whereas icing at lower altitude sites can have a significant impact on AEP. Thus, the classification of icing is a key to the further development of prediction tools. It would be advantageous to tailor blade heating for prevention of ice buildup on the blade’s tip region. An “extreme” icing predictive tool for the project development of wind farms in regions that are highly susceptible to icing would be beneficial to wind energy developers.

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