Optimizing Tire Vertical Stiffness Based on Ride, Handling, Performance, and Fuel Consumption Criteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Soltani ◽  
Avesta Goodarzi ◽  
Mohamad Hasan Shojaeefard ◽  
Khodabakhsh Saeedi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Design Variable ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Handling Performance ◽  
Vertical Stiffness ◽  
System Characteristics

Researchers mostly focus on the role of suspension system characteristics on vehicle dynamics. However tire characteristics are also influential on the vehicle dynamics behavior. In this paper, the effects of tire vertical stiffness on the ride, handling, accelerating/braking performance, and fuel consumption of a vehicle are analytically investigated. Furthermore, a method for determining the optimum vertical stiffness of tires is presented. For these purposes, first an appropriate mathematical criterion for the ride, handling, accelerating/braking performance, and fuel consumption is developed. Next, to achieve the optimum tire characteristic, a performance index, which contains all of the above-mentioned criteria, is defined and optimized. In the proposed performance index, the tire vertical stiffness is a design variable and its optimization provides a compromise among ride, handling, accelerating/braking performance, and fuel consumption of the vehicle. Last, the analytical optimization results are confirmed by performing precise numerical simulations.

Turnaround times and modes of reporting critical results in Asian laboratories

2021 ◽  
pp. 000456322198936
Author(s):  
Tony Badrick ◽  
Mohamed Saleem ◽  
Wesley Wong
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Key Performance Index ◽  
Critical Results

Background Reporting critical results in a timely manner is a crucial role of clinical laboratories. Traditionally, these results were reported using the phone or fax system. However, there are now other modes of communication for this reporting. Quality improvement in any organization is driven by detection of errors and benchmarking against peers. In the case of critical result reporting, there are few current widely used Benchmarking schemes. Methods The Roche Clinical Chemistry Benchmarking Survey in 2019 added questions about critical result reporting including the mode of communication and turnaround time key performance index. This survey includes over 1100 laboratories from 20 countries. Results The survey revealed a range of communication strategies with phone calls still the commonest followed by email. The key performance index for most laboratories was less than 10 min. Conclusion Benchmarking can provide key information for quality improvement activities, particularly pre- and postanalytical.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulations of a Gravity Wave Event over CCOPE. Part I: The Role of Geostrophic Adjustment in Mesoscale Jetlet Formation

1997 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Kaplan ◽  
Steven E. Koch ◽  
Yuh-Lang Lin ◽  
Ronald P. Weglarz ◽  
Robert A. Rozumalski
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Gravity Wave ◽  
Geostrophic Adjustment ◽  
Wave Event

Cybervictimization. Research Matrix

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Zhmurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Crime Victim ◽  
Internet Crime ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
System Characteristics

The article presents an analysis of the cybervictimization phenomenon. The author justifies the use of an integrative (interdisciplinary) approach to the study of this problem, proposes the definition of the term under study as a process or end result of becoming a crime victim in the sphere of unified computer networks. A theoretical and methodological matrix for the analysis of cybervictimization (PCPPE model) was developed. The model includes five system characteristics of cybervictimization, the comprehensive study of which to a maximum extent will simplify the understanding of the essence of the object of study. These characteristics include: profiling, conditionality, prevalence, predictability and epidemicity. Each of these aspects is explained in detail: the author developed a detailed nomenclature of cybervictimization forms. The problems of identifying its extent, as well as the determinant role of gender, age, behavioral and personal factors are discussed in the article, and a list of key cybervictimization acts is formulated. This meta-analysis includes thirteen global categories and about seventy of its accent forms. Among the global categories the following ones are identified: threats, harassment, illegal interest, infringement, insult, spoofing, disclosure, compulsion, seizure, infecting, access and use. The prevalence rates of cybervictimization on the example of the United States (Internet Crime Report) are also studied, certain aspects of the methodology of cyber victim number counting are considered.

scholarly journals Understanding Users’ Preference to Engage in YouTubers

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Wen-Yu Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Commercial Potential ◽  
System Characteristics

The YouTubers are the new vocations to make money. People like to access the videos to relax or learn from the special YouTuber. Despite the growth and commercial potential of virtual worlds, relatively little is known about what users’ motivations to favor specific YouTubers. This paper offered and empirically tested a conceptual model to fill this gap. Given the system characteristics (mobility, reachability, compatibility, convenience) and YouTuber specific characteristics (escapism and post popularity) integrated extrinsic and intrinsic motivation as their preference determinants. Using PROCESS on a survey of 349 users of YouTube. The results confirmed the role of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation as preference determinants and showed the two system and two YouTuber specific characteristics as motivational basis. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Different Configurations of Exhaust Gas Heat Recovery in Internal Combustion Engine: Evaluation on Different Driving Cycles Using Numerical Simulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Sara ◽  
David Chalet ◽  
Mickaël Cormerais
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Direct Heating ◽  
Driving Cycles

Exhaust gas heat recovery is one of the interesting thermal management strategies that aim to improve the cold start of the engine and thus reduce its fuel consumption. In this work, an overview of the heat exchanger used as well as the experimental setup and the different tests will be presented first. Then numerical simulations were run to assess and valorize the exhaust gas heat recovery strategy. The application was divided into three parts: an indirect heating of the oil with the coolant as a medium fluid, a direct heating of the oil, and direct heating of the oil and the coolant. Different ideas were tested over five different driving cycles: New European driving cycle (NEDC), worldwide harmonized light duty driving test cycle (WLTC), common Artemis driving cycle (CADC) (urban and highway), and one in-house developed cycle. The simulations were performed over two ambient temperatures. Different configurations were proposed to control the engine's lubricant maximum temperature. Results concerning the temperature profiles as well as the assessment of fuel consumption were stated for each case.

scholarly journals Advances in Numerical Simulations of Gaseous Nebulae

1993 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Ferland
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Planetary Nebulae ◽  
Stellar Atmosphere ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Gaseous Nebulae ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
New Generation

I outline recent advances in numerical simulations of gaseous nebulae. These fall into three major areas; the Opacity Project and its extensions, the role of grains within the ionized gas, and the effects of mechanical heat on the nebula. These advances, together with improvements in stellar atmosphere calculations, should lead to a new generation of more realistic simulations of conditions in planetary nebulae and predictions of their emitted spectra.

scholarly journals Searching for Orbits with Minimum Fuel Consumption for Station-Keeping Maneuvers: An Application to Lunisolar Perturbations

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Fernando Bertachini de Almeida Prado
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Station Keeping ◽  
Third Body ◽  
Lunisolar Perturbations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Criterion

The present paper has the goal of developing a new criterion to search for orbits that minimize the fuel consumption for station-keeping maneuvers. This approach is based on the integral over the time of the perturbing forces. This integral measures the total variation of velocity caused by the perturbations in the spacecraft, which corresponds to the equivalent variation of velocity that an engine should deliver to the spacecraft to compensate the perturbations and to keep its orbit Keplerian all the time. This integral is a characteristic of the orbit and the set of perturbations considered and does not depend on the type of engine used. In this sense, this integral can be seen as a criterion to select the orbit of the spacecraft. When this value becomes larger, more consumption of fuel is required for the station keeping, and, in this sense, less interesting is the orbit. This concept can be applied to any perturbation. In the present research, as an example, the perturbation caused by a third body is considered. Then, numerical simulations considering the effects of the Sun and the Moon in a satellite around the Earth are shown to exemplify the method.

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