DOMESTIC PROBLEMS FACED BY FEMALE MINORITIES IN SOUTH EASTERN COUNTRIES SPECIFICALLY PAKISTAN

This study is about domestic problems faced by female minorities in South Asian countries specifically Pakistan. The study focused on racial, caste and religious minorities, focused on domestic issues like forceful change of religion and other domestic problems. There is no disputing the reality that men are given preferential treatment over women in a variety of situations. The questionnaire of this research revealed some critical results regarding domestic problems faced by the female minorities in Pakistan. The research revealed that verbal violence is more dominant among the forms of domestic violence faced by minority women and that women do face these problems because they belong to a minority.

Analyzing Discourse of Saudi Speakers Using the Integrative Approach (Goffman, Gumperz & Grice)

Approaches of discourse analysis, however, are at variance regarding their perspectives to discourse definition and its relationship with language and society. Based on such variance, each approach posits certain tools and applications consistent with its main principles. For instance, some approaches devote efforts to describing discourse itself and avoid accounting for underlying motivation and speakers' intentions such as "ISA"[1] developed by Gumperz and Goffman, Schiffrin (1994). On the other hand, Grice's theory devotes concerns to both speaker's intention and hearer's interpretation and gives no or little attention to the effect of societal factor on linguistic stereotype, Haji-Hasan (2010). This paper is an attempt to use the integrative approach in discourse analysis. The integrative approach mainly presents critical results of a contrastive analysis by which the two approaches are mutually used to discourse analysis. Thus, this paper attempted to make use of the repertoire stemmed from the integrative approach to data analysis. The outcomes showed that socio-linguistic level taken from ISA and pragmatic level taken from conversational implicatures provided a very good tool to discourse analysis.

Notification of biochemistry critical results and its clinical impact on outpatient care: experience in a Spanish tertiary hospital

Objectives The communication of critical results (CR) is considered an essential role in clinical laboratories to ensure patient safety. This is especially relevant to outpatients, who are non-hospitalized and more difficult to locate. In our laboratory, there is a specific protocol for CR management that sets up the communication pathway to adequately provide these results to clinicians. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of CR reporting on outpatient care. Methods This is a retrospective study focused on CR for biochemistry parameters in a clinical laboratory of a Spanish tertiary hospital during 2019. A total of 156 CR were determined and properly provided to clinicians. We collected CR, age, gender, and the requesting department. We also collected the medical action data resulting from the communication of the CR. Results Seventy-six outpatients (49%) were properly treated because of effective CR communication. Hypoglycemia was the most frequent event (33%), however, the greatest clinical impact was observed for patients with hyponatremia (100%), hyperkalemia (62%), hypokalemia (60%), and hypercalcemia (57%). Based on these findings, we evaluated new glucose alert thresholds depending on whether or not the outpatient was diabetic (1.7 and 2.2 mmol/L, respectively). Based on these new thresholds, we established a CR reporting protocol with 69% effectiveness in outpatients. Conclusions We demonstrate that CR communication in outpatients has a significant clinical impact. To increase the effectiveness of the CR reporting protocol, we propose to adjust alert thresholds according to pathology, department, and patient population.

Simulation and analyze a production line by using Arena: A case study

In many companies and manufacturing systems, Managers and engineers are looking for methods to find problems their production line like bottleneck so that they eliminate them whereas they want to obtain more productivity at the same time. Simulation is an appropriate tool to find and catch this purpose. In this project, a simulation computer is applied on a line production in Visionwork as a case study and by considering information obtained from simulation, bottleneck is determined, generating station and hand washing station. Then to increase productivity, two recommendation is proposed, both of them is investigated so that to find which bottleneck is more critical. Results shows that by increasing the machine in generating station and increasing labor in washing hand station, the company would be able to achieve higher utilization by 25% than the current system.

Turnaround times and modes of reporting critical results in Asian laboratories

Background Reporting critical results in a timely manner is a crucial role of clinical laboratories. Traditionally, these results were reported using the phone or fax system. However, there are now other modes of communication for this reporting. Quality improvement in any organization is driven by detection of errors and benchmarking against peers. In the case of critical result reporting, there are few current widely used Benchmarking schemes. Methods The Roche Clinical Chemistry Benchmarking Survey in 2019 added questions about critical result reporting including the mode of communication and turnaround time key performance index. This survey includes over 1100 laboratories from 20 countries. Results The survey revealed a range of communication strategies with phone calls still the commonest followed by email. The key performance index for most laboratories was less than 10 min. Conclusion Benchmarking can provide key information for quality improvement activities, particularly pre- and postanalytical.

Management of postanalytical processes in the clinical laboratory according to ISO 15189:2012 Standard requirements: considerations on the review, reporting and release of results

The objective of this paper is to share some considerations about the management of postanalytical processes in relation to the review, reporting and release of test results in accordance with UNE-EN ISO 15189:2013 Standard requirements. The scope of this paper includes postanalytical activities and the personnel involved (laboratory management and staff). We describe the criteria and information required to review and validate analytical results and ensure that clear reports are sent to requesters. These criteria also guarantee that results are transcribed in a reliable way and that all necessary information is provided for the correct interpretation of results. Likewise, the requirements for the correct release of laboratory results are described, with special emphasis on the release of alarming or critical results. In some European countries, clinical laboratories are required to hold partial or full ISO 15189 accreditation, which is a global trend. Therefore, understanding ISO 15189 requirements is imperative for a progressive and more effective implementation of the Standard.

Total and Stroke Related Imaging Utilization Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, radiology practices are reporting a decrease in imaging volumes. We review total imaging volume, CTA head and neck volume, critical results rate, and stroke intervention rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Total imaging volume as well as CTA head and neck imaging fell approximately 60% since the beginning of the pandemic. Critical results fell 60-70% for total imaging as well as for CTA head and neck. Compared to the same time frame a year prior, the number of stroke codes at the early impact of the pandemic had decreased approximately 50%. Proportional reductions in total imaging volume, stroke-related imaging, and associated critical result reports during the COVID-19 pandemic raise concern for missed stroke diagnoses in our population.