Silica Gel + Water Adsorber Chiller and Desalination System: A Transient Heat Transfer Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Mitra ◽  
Kandadai Srinivasan ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Pradip Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Flash Evaporation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Thermal Compression ◽  
Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Low Grade Heat

The present work describes a silica gel + water adsorption-based desalination and chiller system, an emerging low cost process of integrating thermal desalination and cooling by utilizing low-grade heat. The cycle employs a combination of flash evaporation and thermal compression of steam in single/two stage to generate the dual effect. The current study aims at simulating a four-bed/stage adsorption system using energy and mass balance along with kinetics of adsorption. The performance of single- and two-stage adsorption systems is compared for ambient temperatures in the range of 25–45 °C and a constant heat source temperature of 85 °C.

A two-stage method for real-time baseline drift compensation in gas sensors

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Pan Yong ◽  
Lina Cheng ◽  
Shoupei Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Piecewise Linear Approximation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Baseline Drift ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Drift Compensation

Abstract Baseline drift caused by slowly changing environment and other instability factors affects significantly the performance of gas sensors, resulting in reduced accuracy of gas classification and quantification of the electronic nose. In this work, a two-stage method is proposed for real-time sensor baseline drift compensation based on estimation theory and piecewise linear approximation. In the first stage, the linear information from the baseline before exposure is extracted for prediction. The second stage continuously predicts changing linear parameters during exposure by combining temperature change information and time series information, and then the baseline drift is compensated by subtracting the predicted baseline from the real sensor response. The proposed method is compared to three efficient algorithms and the experiments are conducted towards two simulated datasets and two surface acoustic wave sensor datasets. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, the proposed method can recover the true response signal under different ambient temperatures in real-time, which can guide the future design of low-power and low-cost rapid detection systems.

Organic Brayton Cycles with solid sorption thermal compression for low grade heat utilization

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dutta ◽  
P. Kumar ◽  
K.C. Ng ◽  
S. Srinivasa Murthy ◽  
K. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Compression ◽  
Heat Utilization ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Temperature evolution of an experimental salt-gradient solar pond

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Suárez ◽  
A. E. Childress ◽  
S. W. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Salt Gradient

A salt-gradient solar pond is a low-cost, large-scale solar collector with integrated storage that can be used as a source of energy in low-grade-heat thermal desalination systems. This work presents the thermal evolution of an experimental solar pond for both the maturation and heat extraction time periods. The temperature profile was measured every 1.1 cm using a vertical high-resolution distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system, with a temperature resolution of 0.04ºC. Temperatures of 34 and 45ºC were achieved in the bottom of the pond when the lights were on for 12 and 24 hours per day, respectively. Heat was extracted at a rate of 139 W from the solar pond, which corresponded to an efficiency of 29%. Stratification and mixing were clearly observed inside the solar pond using the vertical high-resolution DTS system.

Working Fluid and Parametric Optimization of a Two-Stage ORC Utilizing LNG Cold Energy and Low Grade Heat of Different Temperatures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixin Sun ◽  
Shujia Wang ◽  
Fuquan Xu ◽  
Tielong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Cold Energy ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Natural gas is considered as a green fuel due to its low environmental impact. LNG contains a large amount of cold exergy and must be regasified before further utilization. ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) has been proven to be a promising solution for both low grade heat utilization and LNG cold exergy recovery. Due to the great temperature difference between the heat source and LNG, the efficiency of one-stage ORC is relatively small. Hence, some researchers move forward to a two-stage Rankine cycle. Working fluid plays a quite important role in the cycle performance. Working fluid selection of a two-stage ORC is much more challenging than that of a single-stage ORC. In this paper, a two-stage ORC is studied. Heat source temperatures of 100,150 and 200°C are investigated. 20 substances are selected as potential candidates for both the high and low Rankine cycles. The evaporating, condensing and turbine inlet temperatures of both Rankine cycles are optimized by PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization). The results show that the best combination for heat source temperature of 100°C is R161/R218 with the maximum exergy efficiency of 35.27%. The best combination for 150°C is R161/RC318 with the maximum efficiency of 37.84% and ammonia/ammonia with the maximum efficiency of 39.15% for 200°C. Fluids with intermediate critical temperature, lower triple point temperature and lower normal boiling temperature are good candidates.

Low Cost Solar Selective Chromate Conversion Coatings Applied to Stainless Steel Substrates

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Culham ◽  
P. Niessen
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Conversion Coatings ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steels ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Chromate Conversion Coatings ◽  
Humidity Resistance ◽  
Low Grade Heat ◽  
Steel Substrates

Solar selective surfaces have been produced on austenitic and ferritic stainless steels using an acidic chromate bath at 75°C. These surfaces have been shown to have high humidity resistance and good thermal stability. The conversion coatings can be applied uniformly over large surfaces, even surfaces of nonplanar topography. Complete sets of plating parameters for different grades of stainless steels are presented which may be used for the implementation of this process for the production of low grade heat collecting systems.

Analysis of Low-Grade Heat Driven Ethanol-Silica Gel Adsorption Chiller

2021 ◽  
pp. 101125
Author(s):  
Rami HABASH ◽  
Gamze GEDIZ ILIS ◽  
Hasan DEMIR ◽  
Hakan F. ÖZTOP
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Adsorption Chiller ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Flexible low-grade energy utilization devices based on high-performance thermoelectric polyaniline/tellurium nanorod hybrid films

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3554-3559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
S. M. Zhang ◽  
Y. Deng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermoelectric Generation ◽  
Hybrid Films ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Low Grade Heat ◽  
Polymer Thermoelectric

Solution based polymer thermoelectric generation technologies provide a low-cost and eco-friendly means of direct energy conversion from low-grade heat to electricity.

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