scholarly journals Novel Experimental Study of Fabric Drying Using Direct-Contact Ultrasonic Vibration

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viral K. Patel ◽  
Frederick Kyle Reed ◽  
Roger Kisner ◽  
Chang Peng ◽  
Saeed Moghaddam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Enthalpy Of Vaporization ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Moisture Removal ◽  
Low Efficiency

Abstract Fabric drying is an energy-intensive process, which generally involves blowing hot dry air across tumbling wet fabric to facilitate evaporation and moisture removal. Most of the energy supplied is used to overcome the enthalpy of vaporization for water. Although this process tends to be inefficient, it is fairly simple and forms the basis for the majority of existing clothes dryer technology today. To address the relatively low efficiency, a new method of drying called “direct contact ultrasonic fabric drying” is proposed. The process involves using high-frequency vibration introduced by piezoelectric transducers, which are in contact with wet fabric. The vibration is used to extract water droplets from the fabric mechanically. In this study, a total of 24 individual transducers are used in a module to dry a 142 cm2 sized fabric. The performance characterization of this single module has enabled successful scale-up of the system to a midscale prototype dryer, which can be used to ultrasonically dry clothing-sized fabric (∼750 cm2). The first-generation ultrasonic fabric dryer fabricated uses as little as 17% of the energy needed by traditional evaporation-based drying techniques. In addition to experimental data, this paper presents the results of a kinetic and scaling analysis that provides some important insights into ultrasonic drying.

scholarly journals Genetic Transformation of Plumbago zeylanica with Agrobacterium rhizogenes Strain LBA 9402 and Characterization of Transformed Root Lines

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Basu ◽  
Raj Kumar Joshi ◽  
Sumita Jha
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Rhizogenes ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Rol Genes ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Frequency Transformation ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
High Frequency Transformation

High frequency transformation (73.80 ± 2.24%) has been obtained in Plumbago zeylanica using nodes and internodes of axenic whole plants infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain LBA 9402. The root lines could be distinguished morphologically into two types : Root lines of morphotypes I and II. While morphotype I showed profuse branching with short (< 1 cm), highly dense hairy laterals, the roots of morphotype II roots were characterized also by profuse branching with long hairy laterals (> 3 ? 4 cm). Only four of the ten root lines showed integration of four rol genes (rolA, rolB, rolC and rolD) of TL?DNA. None of the root lines showed presence of any of the five genes of TR?DNA. It is noteworthy that the root morphotypes (I and II) showed a clear distinction in the nature of integration and expression of rol genes. The transformed root lines varied significantly (p ? 0.05) with respect to DW (GI DW basis, 2.19 ± 0.24 ? 5.31 ± 0.6) after 4 weeks of culture on solid modified MS; and plumbagin contents in root lines (4.81 ± 0.16 ? 6.69 ± 0.34 mg/g DW) were higher than that reported earlier. Transformed root lines of P. zeylanica maintained in vitro on phytohormone devoid medium for over 2 years can be used for scale up studies for the production of plumbagin in bioreactors.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 25(1): 21-35, 2015 (June)

Characterization of Ni/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst Prepared by Atmospheric High Frequency Cold Plasma Jet for CO2 Reforming of CH4

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan CHAI ◽  
Shuyong SHANG ◽  
Gaihuan LIU ◽  
Xumei TAO ◽  
Xiang LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Plasma Jet

SCALING ANALYSIS OF THE A-PHASE DYNAMICS DURING SLEEP

Fractals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050050
Author(s):  
V. E. ARCE-GUEVARA ◽  
M. O. MENDEZ ◽  
J. S. MURGUÍA ◽  
A. ALBA ◽  
H. GONZÁLEZ-AGUILAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Sequence ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Phase Dynamics ◽  
A Value ◽  
Sleep Condition ◽  
Detrended Fluctuation

In this work, the scaling behavior of the sleep process is evaluated by using detrended fluctuation analysis based on wavelets. The analysis is carried out from arrivals of short and recurrent cortical events called A-phases, which in turn build up the Cyclic Alternating Pattern phenomenon, and are classified in three types: A1, A2 and A3. In this study, 61 sleep recordings corresponding to healthy, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy patients and sleep-state misperception subjects, were analyzed. From the A-phase annotations, the onsets were extracted and a binary sequence with one second resolution was generated. An item in the sequence has a value of one if an A-phase onset occurs in the corresponding window, and a value of zero otherwise. In addition, we consider other different temporal resolutions from 2[Formula: see text]s to 256[Formula: see text]s. Furthermore, the same analysis was carried out for sequences obtained from the different types of A-phases and their combinations. The results of the numerical analysis showed a relationship between the time resolutions and the scaling exponents; specifically, for higher time resolutions a white noise behavior is observed, whereas for lower time resolutions a behavior towards to [Formula: see text]-noise is exhibited. Statistical differences among groups were observed by applying various wavelet functions from the Daubechies family and choosing the appropriate sequence of A-phase onsets. This scaling analysis allows the characterization of the free-scale dynamic of the sleep process that is specific for each sleep condition. The scaling exponent could be useful as a diagnosis parameter in clinics when sleep macrostructure does not offer enough information.

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