scholarly journals Intensity-Based Registration With Voxel-Based Computer-Aided Manufacturing for Adaptive Machining

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Collins ◽  
Tommy Tucker ◽  
Thomas Kurfess
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Volumetric Imaging ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Volume Registration

Abstract This paper presents a novel application of intensity-based volume registration to manufacturing using voxel-based computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) models. The introduced techniques are presented in the context of machining irregularly shaped materials by integrating volumetric imaging feedback to computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. This requires a comparison and alignment to be performed in the software to geometrically “fit” the source design model inside a rendered starting material. The requirements differ from many typical registration applications in that the workpiece will necessarily be larger (i.e., greater in volume) than the desired final computer-aided design (CAD) file. Therefore, models need to be aligned for toolpath generation to workpiece counterparts that have been either volumetrically offset or contain additional material/volume. Intensity-based registrations are unique in that they consider only the voxel values over the entire volume. Although advancements in medical imaging have produced efficient, robust voxel registration algorithms, these techniques have not yet been applied to manufacturing. This research introduces the use of maximization of mutual information (MMI) for voxel-based CAM to drive an alignment registration for systems integrating imaging technology. A simple but novel method, which the authors have named minimization of distance variance (MDV), is also introduced. This minimizes the variance between voxel intensities to demonstrate the design of a similarity metric for a simple case in machining rough castings.

scholarly journals Practical method for the fast generation of a CAM model for jet engine parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 168781402110027
Author(s):  
Byung Chul Kim ◽  
Ilhwan Song ◽  
Duhwan Mun
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Feature Recognition ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Cam Model

Manufacturers of machine parts operate computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools to produce parts precisely and accurately. They build computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) models using CAM software to generate code to control these machines from computer-aided design (CAD) models. However, creating a CAM model from CAD models is time-consuming, and is prone to errors because machining operations and their sequences are defined manually. To generate CAM models automatically, feature recognition methods have been studied for a long time. However, since the recognition range is limited, it is challenging to apply the feature recognition methods to parts having a complicated shape such as jet engine parts. Alternatively, this study proposes a practical method for the fast generation of a CAM model from CAD models using shape search. In the proposed method, when an operator selects one machining operation as a source machining operation, shapes having the same machining features are searched in the part, and the source machining operation is copied to the locations of the searched shapes. This is a semi-automatic method, but it can generate CAM models quickly and accurately when there are many identical shapes to be machined. In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method through experiments on an engine block and a jet engine compressor case.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Feasibility of NaCaPO4-Blended Zirconia as a New CAD/CAM Material for Dental Restoration

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3819
Author(s):  
Ting-Hsun Lan ◽  
Yu-Feng Chen ◽  
Yen-Yun Wang ◽  
Mitch M. C. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Dental Restoration ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Better Than

The computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabrication technique has become one of the hottest topics in the dental field. This technology can be applied to fixed partial dentures, removable dentures, and implant prostheses. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of NaCaPO4-blended zirconia as a new CAD/CAM material. Eleven different proportional samples of zirconia and NaCaPO4 (xZyN) were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Vickers microhardness, and the milling property of these new samples was tested via a digital optical microscope. After calcination at 950 °C for 4 h, XRD results showed that the intensity of tetragonal ZrO2 gradually decreased with an increase in the content of NaCaPO4. Furthermore, with the increase in NaCaPO4 content, the sintering became more obvious, which improved the densification of the sintered body and reduced its porosity. Specimens went through milling by a computer numerical control (CNC) machine, and the marginal integrity revealed that being sintered at 1350 °C was better than being sintered at 950 °C. Moreover, 7Z3N showed better marginal fit than that of 6Z4N among thirty-six samples when sintered at 1350 °C (p < 0.05). The milling test results revealed that 7Z3N could be a new CAD/CAM material for dental restoration use in the future.

scholarly journals An Overview of process CNC Machining

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 029-033
Author(s):  
Herick Henci Agrisa
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Cnc Machines ◽  
Computer Aided

This paper discusses the pre and process of running a computer numerical control machine (CNC) using computer-aided design (CAD) software commonly used to design products to be produced and computer-aided manufacture (CAM) software used to control machines during the manufacturing process. Some types of CNC machines in general, namely CNC lathe machine and CNC milling machine. The history of the development of the CNC Machine was begun in 1952 by John Pearseon of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on behalf of the United States Air Force, which aims to make complicated special workpieces. In addition, this paper also discusses the basic numerical code types used in CNC machines.

The Development of a Profile-Milling Program for Teaching Computer-Aided-Manufacturing and CNC Programming

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Hotchkiss
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Machining Center ◽  
Vertical Milling ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Cnc Programming ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract At SUNY College at Buffalo, a new course, TEC302, CAD/CAM, computer-aided-design and computer-aided-manufacturing was added to the Industrial Technology (IT) undergraduate curriculum in the fall of 1994. At that time, the technology department had been using the AutoCAD system for design/drafting, and SmartCAM for demonstrating computer-aided-manufacturing. SmartCAM is a sophisticated product that takes a great deal of training to use, does not work directly in AutoCAD, and with only four licenses, was not available to all the students. For these reasons, the author developed a CAM program, VAL-CAM, that works inside AutoCAD, and has most of the aspects of a more sophisticated CAM program, yet is simpler to use, is available to all students, and automatically generates CNC (computer-numerical-control) code suitable for driving the departments’ vertical milling machining center. This paper discusses the development of VAL-CAM, which is written in the AutoLISP language for compatibility with AutoCAD. The dialogue control language (DCL) of AutoCAD was also used for part of the user interface for VALCAM. The algorithms, flow diagrams, pseudo code and actual LISP code for some of the more interesting parts of the program are presented. VAL-CAM is under continuous development, and later sections of the program will be discussed in future papers.

ISO 6983 Translator for PC Based CNC Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 980 ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusri Yusof ◽  
Kamran Latif
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Open Architecture ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Software Model ◽  
Software Models ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cnc Controller ◽  
Iso 6983

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) controller is an important part of machine, composed of hardware and software models. Software model, usually called an interpreter translates input code as per internal structure of CNC machine. Now a day’s traditional controllers of CNC machine are found to be closed in nature, because they are depended of vendor’s specifications. Due to that dependence they do not facilitate access to the inner features of machine. In order to overcome these problems open architecture controllers were introduced. In this article a new ISO 6983 translator for open architecture CNC controller is being proposed. The developed software model is able to read commercially available Computer Aided Design (CAD) /Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) system generated International Standards Organization (ISO) 6983 file and extracts position, feed rate, spindle speed, tool etc data and translates to OAC machine. At the same time it is also able to generate output in user defined text and EXtensible Markup Language (.xml) formats. Further design of paper includes development of translator, followed by case study experiment and finally ends with conclusion.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF DIRECT OR DISTRIBUTED NUMERICAL CONTROL IN COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 025-029
Author(s):  
Yudianto Yudianto
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Metal Fabrication ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Machine Control

Direct numerical control is also known as distributed numerical control (also abbreviated DNC), is a common manufacturing term for networking CNC machine tools. On some CNC machine controllers, the available memory is too small to contain the machining program (for example machining complex surfaces), so in this case the program is stored in a separate computer and sent directly to the machine, one block at a time. If the computer is connected to a number of machines it can distribute programs to different machines as required. Usually, the manufacturer of the control provides suitable DNC software. However, if this provision is not possible, some software companies provide DNC applications that fulfill the purpose. DNC networking or DNC communication is always required when Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) programs are to run on some CNC machine control. Wireless DNC is also used in place of hard-wired versions. Controls of this type are very widely used in industries with significant sheet metal fabrication, such as the automotive, appliance, and aerospace industries. A DNC system has to fulfill two basic tasks such as first guaranteeing secure, timely data transfer from and to the CNC controllers, secondly administering many thousands of NC programs.

Reverse Engineering Applied to the Teaching of Computer Aided Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena María Beamud González ◽  
Pedro Jose Núñez López ◽  
Eustaquio García Plaza ◽  
David Rodríguez Salgado ◽  
Alfonso González González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided

One of the main shortcomings of individualized training in the use of computer aided design (CAD), and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) tools is that students lack a sound and broad understanding of the type of tools, and their specific and integrated applications in industrial manufacturing. This study aimed to design an integrated curricular training programme in computer aided tools for the design and manufacture of mechanical components based on reverse engineering techniques. By using real products that students can see and touch, a scanned copy is obtained for subsequent reconstruction into a virtual three-dimensional model using the software for optimizing the point cloud, meshing, and creating both the surface and solid. Once the virtual three-dimensional model has been obtained, it is exported to a solid modelling CAD (3D-CAD) software for modification according to the geometrical requirements. The next step is for students to manufacture a component using rapid prototyping techniques, which allow them to visualize, analyse, and inspect a component to optimize its design. The use of computer aided manufacturing software enables students to design and plan machining operations virtually to obtain a computer numeric control (CNC) program for the manufacture of a component with a CNC machine tool. Finally, students perform a quality control of the component by employing a range of measurement techniques. This training program is integrated into the subjects of the mechanical engineering degree, where students can work with these tools in line with an intergraded curriculum.

scholarly journals Applied study on the rotational molding and processing technology of rotational molds

2021 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Alina Bianca Pop ◽  
Aurel Mihail Ţîţu
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Execution Costs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
The Right

Computer-aided manufacturing involves a set of computerized activities related to the preparation, launch and follow-up of manufacturing. Computer-aided manufacturing is a tool that allows the use of 3D models based on computer-aided design. This paper addresses the process of rotational formation, with an effective focus on the technology of processing a rotational mold using CAM simulation as a research method. In this sense, the right choice of CNC and cutting tools is essential. The use of numerically controlled machine tools and high-performance cutting tools reduces the number of operations. The manufacturing route realized is specific to the parts machining on numerical control machine, with multiple possibilities such as the execution on a single machine of all the necessary operations to create the mold. PowerMILL gives the user the flexibility to generate thisheir NC programs and ensures the use of the most efficient processing method without having to wait for the complete calculation. A number of different strategies, from the wide range that PowerMILL has, are compared using a high tolerance so that they can be calculated quickly. In this study, the strengths of the CNC are highlighted based on experimental research, features that make this machine a very productive one, saving time, energy and, implicitly, low execution costs.

Characteristics and Technologies of Advanced CNC Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Minhat ◽  
X.W. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Process Monitoring And Control ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
And Control

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) systems are the “backbones” of modern manufacturing industry for over the last 50 years and the machine tools have evolved from simple machines with controllers that had no memory and were driven by punched tape, to today’s highly sophisticated, multiprocess workstations. These CNC systems are still being worked and improved on. The key issues center on autonomous planning, decision making, process monitoring and control systems that can adjust automatically to the changeable requirements. Introduction of CNC systems has made it possible to produce goods with consistent qualities, apart from enabling the industry to enhance productivity with a high degree of flexibility in a manufacturing system. CNC systems sit at the end of the process starting from product design using Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools to the generation of machining instructions that instruct a CNC machine to produce the final product. This process chain also includes Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM).

AN ALGORITHM TO CONSTRUCT THE CAD MODEL OF A RESIDUAL LIMB

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAI-HSING HSU ◽  
FU-MEI HSU ◽  
YOU-LI CHOU ◽  
JU-YI HSU ◽  
HANG LEONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
B Spline ◽  
Spline Curve ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design

A duplicated mold of the residual limb of an amputee is usually needed to make the socket of prosthesis for the patient. However, traditional means to duplicate a positive mold is time-consuming, patient suffering and intensive manual-efforts required. The study has developed a prototype system that allows a prosthetist to construct the computer-aided design(CAD) model of residual limb easily using it's digitized points based on the concept of reverse engineering. First of all, the topographic data of a residual limb is captured using a non-intrusive scanning machine. The scanned data is then used as the input of a self-developed system that is based on the theories of B-spline curve and lofted surface to process the digitized points. The CAD model can then be built and transferred to a computer-aided manufacturing(CAM) system to generate the code for a computer numerical control(CNC) machine to make the duplicated mold of the residual limb.

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