Surface Texturing of Prosthetic Hip Implant Bearing Surfaces: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Allen ◽  
Bart Raeymaekers
Keyword(s):  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hip Implants ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Mechanical Instability ◽  
Biomaterial Surfaces ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Orthopedic Biomaterial

Abstract More than 300,000 total hip replacement surgeries are performed in the United States each year to treat degenerative joint diseases that cause pain and disability. The statistical survivorship of these implants declines significantly after 15–25 years of use because wear debris causes inflammation, osteolysis, and mechanical instability of the implant. This limited longevity has unacceptable consequences, such as revision surgery to replace a worn implant, or surgery postponement, which leaves the patient in pain. Innovations such as highly cross-linked polyethylene and new materials and coatings for the femoral head have reduced wear significantly, but longevity remains an imminent problem. Another method to reduce wear is to add a patterned microtexture composed of micro-sized texture features to the smooth bearing surfaces. We critically review the literature on textured orthopedic biomaterial surfaces in the context of prosthetic hip implants. We discuss the different functions of texture features by highlighting experimental and simulated results documented by research groups active in this area. We also discuss and compare different manufacturing techniques to create texture features on orthopedic biomaterial surfaces and emphasize the key difficulties that must be overcome to produce textured prosthetic hip implants.

Study on the mutual influence of surface roughness and texture features of rough-textured surfaces on the tribological properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012094021
Author(s):  
Chunxing Gu ◽  
Xianghui Meng ◽  
Shuwen Wang ◽  
Xiaohong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Mixed Lubrication ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis

In recent years, the efforts to better control friction and wear have focused on surface topography modification through surface texturing. To study the mutual influence of surface roughness and texture features, this paper developed one comprehensive mathematical model of mixed lubrication to study the tribological performance of the rough-textured conjunction. The typical ring-liner conjunction was chosen as the research object. In particular, the effects of skewness and kurtosis were considered based on the non-Gaussian distribution of asperity height. In this way, the influences of non-Gaussian distribution properties and surface texturing on the tribological performance were analyzed. The results show that the influences of skewness and kurtosis on the tribological performance are nontrivial and should not be neglected in the mixed lubrication. Compared to the Gaussian distribution, considering the non-Gaussian distribution can represent the physical rough surfaces more accurately. Surfaces with negative skewness were found to generally result in better tribological properties. Moreover, the tribological performance improved by surface texturing can also be improved or reduced by the effect of skewness and kurtosis. As a result, the optimization of surface texturing should take the effects of roughness parameters into account.

scholarly journals Methacrylate Coatings for Titanium Surfaces to Optimize Biocompatibility

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Argus Sun ◽  
Nureddin Ashammakhi ◽  
Mehmet R. Dokmeci
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
The United States ◽  
Implant Loosening ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Increased Strength

Currently, there are more than 1.5 million knee and hip replacement procedures carried out in the United States. Implants have a 10–15-year lifespan with up to 30% of revision surgeries showing complications with osteomyelitis. Titanium and titanium alloys are the favored implant materials because they are lightweight and have high mechanical strength. However, this increased strength can be associated with decreased bone density around the implant, leading to implant loosening and failure. To avoid this, current strategies include plasma-spraying titanium surfaces and foaming titanium. Both techniques give the titanium a rough and irregular finish that improves biocompatibility. Recently, researchers have also sought to surface-conjugate proteins to titanium to induce osteointegration. Cell adhesion-promoting proteins can be conjugated to methacrylate groups and crosslinked using a variety of methods. Methacrylated proteins can be conjugated to titanium surfaces through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). However, surface conjugation of proteins increases biocompatibility non-specifically to bone cells, adding to the risk of biofouling which may result in osteomyelitis that causes implant failure. In this work, we analyze the factors contributing to biofouling when coating titanium to improve biocompatibility, and design an experimental scheme to evaluate optimal coating parameters.

Policies, plans, and research and development investment in advanced materials in the major countries

1987 ◽  
Vol 322 (1567) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
European Economies ◽  
And Training

Technological change is accelerating and broadening. New materials are among the most dramatic areas of such change, and are increasingly being incorporated into existing and new industrial activity. Japan and the United States of America are leading the European economies in many areas of creation and use of new materials. Europe’s talent base in new materials is smaller and weaker than those of the U.S.A, and Japan. Strengthening that talent base through improvements in education and training, and in industry and university collaboration in particular, is Europe’s most pressing challenge in this area.

Material Matters: Performance Standards Governing New Materials for Sports

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nadine Gelberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Major League ◽  
Professional Tennis ◽  
Tiger Woods

“With a lighter but stiffer shaft and heavier clubhead the ball goes farther. Easier,” claims a 1975 advertisement for Shakespeare graphite irons. New materials such as graphite, boron, and titanium, have made sports equipment stronger yet lighter and thus more powerful. For athletes, sports have become, as the ad stated, easier. Serves over one hundred miles per hour are commonplace on the professional tennis tour, and athletes such as Tiger Woods are making par five golf holes obsolete. Sports organizations do not, however, always embrace these innovations that facilitate play. Major League Baseball retains its traditional mandate requiring only wood bats, the International Tennis Federation prohibited double strung tennis rackets, and the United States Golf Association banned asymmetrically dimpled golf balls. These technology regulations emerged to prevent the sport from becoming “easier,” protecting sport integrity.

In-vitro method for assessing femoral implant—bone micromotions in resurfacing hip implants under different loading conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (8) ◽  
pp. 943-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Cristofolini ◽  
E Varini ◽  
M Viceconti
Keyword(s):  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Hip Implants ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Gap Opening ◽  
Hip Stems ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Peak Value

Although prosthesis-bone micromotion is known to influence the stability of total hip replacement, no protocol exists to investigate resurfacing hip implants. An in-vitro protocol was developed to measure prosthesis-bone micromotions of resurfaced femurs. In order to assess the effect of all loading directions, the protocol included a variety of in-vitro loading scenarios covering the range of directions spanned by the hip resultant force in the most typical motor tasks. Gap-opening and shear-slippage micromotions were measured in the locations where they reach the maximum value. The applicability of the protocol was assessed on two commercial designs and different head sizes. Intra-specimen repeatability and inter-specimen reproducibility were excellent (comparable with the best protocols for cemented hip stems). Results showed that the protocol is accurate enough to detect prosthesis-bone micromotions of the order of a few microns. Statistically significant differences were observed in relation to the direction of the applied force. Using the whole range of hip loads enabled detection of maximum micromotions for any design (the peak value could be different for different loading directions). Application of the protocol during a test to failure indicated that the system could track micromotion up to the last instant prior to failure. The protocol proposed is thus completely validated and can be applied for preliminary screening of new epiphyseal designs.

High-Temperature Applications of Intermetallic Compounds

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Pope ◽  
Ram Darolia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Material System ◽  
National Defense ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
High Level

One of the greatest challenges currently facing the materials community is the need to develop a new generation of materials to replace Ni-based superalloys in the hot sections of gas-turbine engines for aircraft-propulsion systems. The present alloys, which have a Ni-based solid-solution matrix surrounding Ni3Al-based precipitates, are currently used at temperatures exceeding 1100°C, which is over 80% of the absolute melting temperature. Since Ni3Al melts at 1395°C and Ni at 1453°C, it is clear that significantly higher operating temperatures, with the attendant improvements in efficiency and thrust-to-weight ratio, can only be attained by the development of an entirely new materials system. This problem is a primary reason for the current high level of interest in high-temperature intermetallic compounds.The development of such a material system has important implications for national defense and for spin-offs to civilian technology, as well as for the economy and balance of payments. Obviously it would be a boon to any economy to have these new materials developed domestically, as was the case in the United States for the currently used single-crystal technology applied to Ni-based superalloys. As an example, the aerospace industry is one area where the United States is still the undisputed world leader, with net exports of $29 billion in 1989, twice that of any other U.S. industry.

Characterization of Transparent Conducting Oxides

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Coutts ◽  
David L. Young ◽  
Xiaonan Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Transparent Conducting Oxides ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Conducting Oxides ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
Lower Sheet Resistance

As the areas of the major applications of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) increase, demand will grow for materials having lower sheet resistance while retaining good optical properties. Simply increasing the film thickness is not acceptable because this would increase the optical absorptance. New materials must be developed with lower resistivities than previously achieved and with optical properties superior to those of the present generation of TCOs. This has now been recognized internationally, and novel materials are being investigated in Japan and the United States.

scholarly journals Unstable total hip replacement: why? Clinical and radiological aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Loris Perticarini ◽  
Stefano M P Rossi ◽  
Francesco Benazzo
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Replacement ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hip Surgery ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Surgeon Experience

Introduction: Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the most common cause of revision hip surgery in the United States, ahead of aseptic loosening and infection, and is responsible for considerable economic cost related to frequent readmission and/or revision surgery. The aim of this article is to identify the clinical and radiological factors related to the unstable total hip replacement. Methods: We performed a literature search to assess current strategies to define clinical and radiological characteristics of dislocation after primary THA using the PubMed platform. The characteristics related to THA instability were divided into patient related factors, implant related factors and surgeon experience. Results: Patient-related factors for instability identified are: age; inflammatory joint disease; prior hip surgery; preoperative diagnosis; comorbidity; ASA score; presence of spino-pelvic abnormality; and neurological disability. Gender, simultaneous bilateral THA and restrictive postoperative precautions do not influence rate of THA dislocation. Implant related factors identified are: surgical approach; component malposition; femoral head size; and the use of dual-mobility or constrained solution. Surgeon experience also reduces the rate of dislocation. Discussion: Dislocation is a major complication of THAs, and causes include patient-derived factors, surgical factors, or both. It is imperative to determine the cause of the instability via a complete patient and radiographic evaluation and to adjust the reconstruction strategy accordingly.

scholarly journals Rolling Back Home

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (10) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Linn W. Moedinger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Materials ◽  
To Come ◽  
Lower Carbon

This article relates history and various aspects of steam locomotive boilers and their relevance in present and future. Prior to 1950, boilers for steam locomotives were built in the United States using primarily lower carbon steel products. The Subgroup on Locomotive Boilers was formed in 2010. Four and a half years later, its work was published as Part PL, Requirements for Locomotive Boilers. The ASME’s Subgroup for Steam Locomotives has taken the approach of codifying both best practices and Code material from steam days. The new locomotive code, Part PL in Section I can truly be looked at as a beginning. New materials and methods will now have a place to be vetted within the unique perspective of steam locomotive operation so as to ensure safe steam locomotive boilers for centuries to come.

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