Two-Dimensional versus Three-Dimensional Symmetric Lifting Motion Prediction Models: A Case Study

Abstract Symmetric lifting is a common manual material handling strategy in daily life and is the main cause of low back pain. In the literature, symmetric lifting is mainly simulated by using two-dimensional (2D) models because of their simplicity and low computational cost. In practice, however, symmetric lifting can generate asymmetric kinetics especially when the lifting weight is heavy and symmetric lifting based on 2D models miss this important asymmetric kinetics information. Therefore, three-dimension (3D) models are necessary for symmetric lifting simulation to capture asymmetric kinetics. The purpose of this single subject case study is to compare the optimization formulations and simulation results for symmetric lifting by using 2D and 3D human models and to identify their pros and cons. In this case study, a 10 degrees of freedom (DOFs) 2D skeletal model and a 40 DOFs 3D skeletal model are employed to predict the symmetric maximum weight lifting motion, respectively. The lifting problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem to minimize the dynamic effort and maximize the box weight. An inverse dynamic optimization approach is used to determine the optimal lifting motion and the maximum lifting weight considering dynamic joint strength. Lab experiments are carried out to validate the predicted motions. The predicted lifting motion, ground reaction forces (GRFs), and maximum box weight from the 2D and 3D human models for Subject #8 are compared with the experimental data. Recommendations are given.

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Three-Dimensional Symmetric Maximum Weight Lifting Prediction

Volume 9: 40th Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE) ◽

10.1115/detc2020-22120 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rahid Zaman ◽

Yujiang Xiang ◽

Jazmin Cruz ◽

James Yang

Keyword(s):

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Material Handling ◽

Inverse Dynamics ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Weight Lifting ◽

Optimization Approach ◽

Maximum Weight ◽

Manual Material Handling ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Skeletal Model

Abstract Lifting heavy weight is one of the main reasons for manual material handling related injuries which can be mitigated by determining the limiting lifting weight of a person. In this study, a 40 degrees of freedom (DOFs) spatial skeletal model was employed to predict the symmetric maximum weight lifting motion. The lifting problem was formulated as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem to minimize the dynamic effort and maximize the box weight. An inverse-dynamics-based optimization approach was used to determine the optimal lifting motion and the maximum lifting weight considering dynamic joint strength. The predicted lifting motion, ground reaction forces (GRFs), and maximum box weight were shown to match well with the experimental results. It was found that for the three-dimensional (3D) symmetric lifting the left and right GRFs were not same.

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Single-Subject Experiential Design Using Melodic Intonation Therapy With An Adult Hispanic Male: A Case Study

10.2986/tren.088-0092 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Juan C. LASTRA

Keyword(s):

Single Subject ◽

Melodic Intonation Therapy ◽

Experiential Design ◽

Hispanic Male

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Rotary steerable systems: mathematical modeling and their case study

Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology ◽

10.1007/s13202-021-01182-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 2743-2761

Author(s):

Caetano P. S. Andrade ◽

J. Luis Saavedra ◽

Andrzej Tunkiel ◽

Dan Sui

Keyword(s):

Directional Drilling ◽

Steering Control ◽

Fundamental Physics ◽

Drilling Tools ◽

Drilling Operations ◽

Beam Bending ◽

Extended Reach Drilling ◽

And Control ◽

2D And 3D

AbstractDirectional drilling is a common and essential procedure of major extended reach drilling operations. With the development of directional drilling technologies, the percentage of recoverable oil production has increased. However, its challenges, like real-time bit steering, directional drilling tools selection and control, are main barriers leading to low drilling efficiency and high nonproductive time. The fact inspires this study. Our work aims to contribute to the better understanding of directional drilling, more specifically regarding rotary steerable system (RSS) technology. For instance, finding the solutions of the technological challenges involved in RSSs, such as bit steering control, bit position calculation and bit speed estimation, is the main considerations of our study. Classical definitions from fundamental physics including Newton’s third law, beam bending analysis, bit force analysis, rate of penetration (ROP) modeling are employed to estimate bit position and then conduct RSS control to steer the bit accordingly. The results are illustrated in case study with the consideration of the 2D and 3D wellbore scenarios.

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Homogeneous 2D and 3D alignment of cardiomyocyte in dilated cardiomyopathy revealed by intravital heart imaging

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94100-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kiyoshi Masuyama ◽

Tomoaki Higo ◽

Jong-Kook Lee ◽

Ryohei Matsuura ◽

Ian Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽

Cardiac Dysfunction ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Single Layer ◽

Specific Pattern ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Heart Imaging ◽

Novel Method ◽

2D And 3D

AbstractIn contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, there has been reported no specific pattern of cardiomyocyte array in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), partially because lack of alignment assessment in a three-dimensional (3D) manner. Here we have established a novel method to evaluate cardiomyocyte alignment in 3D using intravital heart imaging and demonstrated homogeneous alignment in DCM mice. Whilst cardiomyocytes of control mice changed their alignment by every layer in 3D and position twistedly even in a single layer, termed myocyte twist, cardiomyocytes of DCM mice aligned homogeneously both in two-dimensional (2D) and in 3D and lost myocyte twist. Manipulation of cultured cardiomyocyte toward homogeneously aligned increased their contractility, suggesting that homogeneous alignment in DCM mice is due to a sort of alignment remodelling as a way to compensate cardiac dysfunction. Our findings provide the first intravital evidence of cardiomyocyte alignment and will bring new insights into understanding the mechanism of heart failure.

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Do 3D Face Images Capture Cues of Strength, Weight, and Height Better than 2D Face Images do?

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology ◽

10.1007/s40750-021-00170-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 209-219

Author(s):

Iris J Holzleitner ◽

Alex L Jones ◽

Kieran J O’Shea ◽

Rachel Cassar ◽

Vanessa Fasolt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

3D Images ◽

3D Face ◽

Face Images ◽

Similar Accuracy ◽

2D And 3D ◽

2D Images ◽

Better Than

Abstract Objectives A large literature exists investigating the extent to which physical characteristics (e.g., strength, weight, and height) can be accurately assessed from face images. While most of these studies have employed two-dimensional (2D) face images as stimuli, some recent studies have used three-dimensional (3D) face images because they may contain cues not visible in 2D face images. As equipment required for 3D face images is considerably more expensive than that required for 2D face images, we here investigated how perceptual ratings of physical characteristics from 2D and 3D face images compare. Methods We tested whether 3D face images capture cues of strength, weight, and height better than 2D face images do by directly comparing the accuracy of strength, weight, and height ratings of 182 2D and 3D face images taken simultaneously. Strength, height and weight were rated by 66, 59 and 52 raters respectively, who viewed both 2D and 3D images. Results In line with previous studies, we found that weight and height can be judged somewhat accurately from faces; contrary to previous research, we found that people were relatively inaccurate at assessing strength. We found no evidence that physical characteristics could be judged more accurately from 3D than 2D images. Conclusion Our results suggest physical characteristics are perceived with similar accuracy from 2D and 3D face images. They also suggest that the substantial costs associated with collecting 3D face scans may not be justified for research on the accuracy of facial judgments of physical characteristics.

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Effects of spin-phonon coupling on two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductors: a case study of iron and ruthenium trihalides

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/d0nr08626f ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yinqiao Liu ◽

Qinxi Liu ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Xue Jiang ◽

Xiaoliang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transport Properties ◽

Data Security ◽

Thermal Transport ◽

Magnetic Semiconductors ◽

Ferromagnetic Semiconductors ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Phonon Coupling ◽

Thermal Transport Properties

The contributions of spin-phonon coupling (SPC) to spin and thermal transport properties are important in the emerging two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors and are relevant for the data security and working...

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Toward Decentralised Sanitary Sewage Collection Systems: A Multiobjective Approach for Cost-Effective and Resilient Designs

Water ◽

10.3390/w13141886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 1886

Author(s):

Arezoo Zahediasl ◽

Amin E. Bakhshipour ◽

Ulrich Dittmer ◽

Ali Haghighi

Keyword(s):

Treatment Plant ◽

Drainage System ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Optimization Approach ◽

Hydraulic Design ◽

Multiobjective Approach ◽

Layout Generation ◽

Plant Allocation ◽

Problem Solving Process

In recent years, the concept of a centralized drainage system that connect an entire city to one single treatment plant is increasingly being questioned in terms of the costs, reliability, and environmental impacts. This study introduces an optimization approach based on decentralization in order to develop a cost-effective and sustainable sewage collection system. For this purpose, a new algorithm based on the growing spanning tree algorithm is developed for decentralized layout generation and treatment plant allocation. The trade-off between construction and operation costs, resilience, and the degree of centralization is a multiobjective problem that consists of two subproblems: the layout of the networks and the hydraulic design. The innovative characteristics of the proposed framework are that layout and hydraulic designs are solved simultaneously, three objectives are optimized together, and the entire problem solving process is self-adaptive. The model is then applied to a real case study. The results show that finding an optimum degree of centralization could reduce not only the network’s costs by 17.3%, but could also increase its structural resilience significantly compared to fully centralized networks.

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Multi-objective parametrization of interatomic potentials for large deformation pathways and fracture of two-dimensional materials

npj Computational Materials ◽

10.1038/s41524-021-00573-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xu Zhang ◽

Hoang Nguyen ◽

Jeffrey T. Paci ◽

Subramanian K. R. S. Sankaranarayanan ◽

Jose L. Mendoza-Cortes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Deformation ◽

Functional Form ◽

Principal Component ◽

Interatomic Potentials ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm ◽

Two Dimensional Materials ◽

Definition Of

AbstractThis investigation presents a generally applicable framework for parameterizing interatomic potentials to accurately capture large deformation pathways. It incorporates a multi-objective genetic algorithm, training and screening property sets, and correlation and principal component analyses. The framework enables iterative definition of properties in the training and screening sets, guided by correlation relationships between properties, aiming to achieve optimal parametrizations for properties of interest. Specifically, the performance of increasingly complex potentials, Buckingham, Stillinger-Weber, Tersoff, and modified reactive empirical bond-order potentials are compared. Using MoSe2 as a case study, we demonstrate good reproducibility of training/screening properties and superior transferability. For MoSe2, the best performance is achieved using the Tersoff potential, which is ascribed to its apparent higher flexibility embedded in its functional form. These results should facilitate the selection and parametrization of interatomic potentials for exploring mechanical and phononic properties of a large library of two-dimensional and bulk materials.

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Two-dimensional-Wilkins and real-time transesophageal three-dimensional scoring systems: Which one is preferred to mitral valve morphological assessment?

Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals ◽

10.1177/02184923211030424 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 021849232110304

Author(s):

Mehrnoush Toufan ◽

Zahra Jabbary ◽

Naser Khezerlou aghdam

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽

Scoring System ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Mitral Valve Area ◽

2D And 3D ◽

Morphological Assessment ◽

Valve Area

Background To quantify valvular morphological assessment, some two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) scoring systems have been developed to target the patients for balloon mitral valvuloplasty; however, each scoring system has some potential limitations. To achieve the best scoring system with the most features and the least restrictions, it is necessary to check the degree of overlap of these systems. Also the factors related to the accuracy of these systems should be studied. We aimed to determine the correlation between the 2D Wilkins and real-time transesophageal three-dimensional (RT3D-TEE) scoring systems. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 156 patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis who were candidates for percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. To morphologic assessment of mitral valve, patients were examined by 2D-transthoracic echocardiography and RT3D-TEE techniques on the same day. Results A strong association was found between total Wilkins and total RT3D-TEE scores (r = 0.809, p < 0.001). The mean mitral valve area assessed by the 2D and 3D was 1.07 ± 0.25 and 1.03 ± 0.26, respectively, indicating a mean difference of 0.037 cm2 (p = 0.001). We found a strong correlation between the values of mitral valve area assessed by 2D and 3D techniques (r = 0.846, p < 0.001). Conclusion There is a high correlation between the two scoring systems in terms of evaluating dominant morphological features. Partially, mitral valve area overestimation in the 2D-transthoracic echocardiography and its inability to assess commissural involvement as well as its dependence on patient age were exceptions in this study.

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