Continuous Measurement of Exhaust Emissions From a High Pressure Cannular Combustor

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shaw ◽  
W. F. Taylor ◽  
C. J. McCoy ◽  
A. Skopp
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Good Agreement

A high pressure cannular combustor has been developed to simulate aircraft turbine engine emissions. In conjunction with this combustor, a continuous analytical and sampling system was assembled. This system is capable of complete on-the-spot analysis of CO2, O2, CO, H2O, unburned hydrocarbons, and NOx. The measured emission levels obtained from burning Jet A are in good agreement with those reported from operating aircraft turbine engines. Data showing the effect of equivalence ratio and pressure on the concentration of combustion products are presented.

scholarly journals A Simple Variable-Geometry Combustor for the Automotive-Turbine Engine

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Swirling Flow ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Geometry Configuration ◽  
Mixing Rates ◽  
Statutory Limit

A combustor utilizing concepts of swirling flow and orifices in order to optimize mixing rates was developed for application in low-emissions automotive gas turbine engines. Low emissions were obtained at one operating condition with a fixed-geometry configuration. Addition of a variable opening in the dome of the combustor provided low emissions over the expected operating range for an automotive gas turbine engine. Emissions of NOx obtained on a simulated Federal driving cycle were near the Federal statutory limit, and emissions of CO and HC were considerably lower.

Deposition of Volcanic Materials in the Hot Sections of Two Gas Turbine Engines

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kim ◽  
M. G. Dunn ◽  
A. J. Baran ◽  
D. P. Wade ◽  
E. L. Tremba
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
High Pressure Turbine ◽  
Deposition Behavior ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Turbine Vanes ◽  
Volcanic Ash Cloud

This paper reports the results of a series of tests designed to determine the melting and subsequent deposition behavior of volcanic ash cloud materials in modern gas turbine engine combustors and high-pressure turbine vanes. The specific materials tested were Mt. St. Helens ash and a soil blend containing volcanic ash (black scoria) from Twin Mountain, NM. Hot section test systems were built using actual engine combustors, fuel nozzles, ignitors, and high-pressure turbine vanes from an Allison T56 engine can-type combustor and a more modern Pratt and Whitney F-100 engine annular-type combustor. A rather large turbine inlet temperature range can be achieved using these two combustors. The deposition behavior of volcanic materials as well as some of the parameters that govern whether or not these volcanic ash materials melt and are subsequently deposited are discussed.

Deposition of Volcanic Materials in the Hot Sections of Two Gas Turbine Engines

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kim ◽  
M. G. Dunn ◽  
A. J. Baran ◽  
D. P. Wade ◽  
E. L. Tremba
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
High Pressure Turbine ◽  
Deposition Behavior ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Turbine Vanes ◽  
Volcanic Ash Cloud

This paper reports the results of a series of tests designed to determine the melting and subsequent deposition behavior of volcanic ash cloud materials in modern gas turbine engine combustors and high pressure turbine vanes. The specific materials tested were Mt. St. Helens ash and a soil blend containing volcanic ash (black scoria) from Twin Mountain, New Mexico. Hot section test systems were built using actual engine combustors, fuel nozzles, ignitors, and high pressure turbine vanes from an Allison T56 engine can-type combustor and a more modern Pratt and Whitney F-100 engine annular-type combustor. A rather large turbine inlet temperature range can be achieved using these two combustors. The deposition behavior of volcanic materials as well as some of the parameters that govern whether or not these volcanic ash materials melt and subsequently deposit are discussed.

UTILIZATION OF GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT’S EXHAUST GASES BY STIRLING ENGINE

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Горожанкин ◽  
S. Gorozhankin ◽  
Чухаркин ◽  
A. Chukharkin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycles ◽  
Stirling Engines ◽  
Basic Parameters

The article researches a feasibility of real cycles of combined power plants including gas turbine engines and Stirling engines. The variant of construction concepts of such power plants has been considered. The analysis of thermodynamic cycles has been performed, the dependences to calculate their basic parameters has been founded. Based on the research results quantify the heat utilization degree of the combustion products of a gas turbine engine for the Stirling engine has been given. Stirling engine’s efficiency, power and combined power plant’s efficiency in general has been identified. The heat exchanger’s type and heat transfer agent has been proposed, the optimal parameters by conditions of maximum efficiency of the plant has been identified. Proposals for the application and the empowerment of such power plants as part of the vehicles has been offered.

Sensor-Based Analyzer for Continuous Emission Monitoring in Gas Pipeline Applications

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Schubert ◽  
D. R. Sheridan ◽  
M. D. Cooper ◽  
A. J. Banchieri
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Accuracy Test ◽  
Nox Sensor ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Using Data

Continuous emissions monitoring of gas turbine engines in pipeline service have typically been monitored using either laboratory derived instruments (CEMS), or predicted using data from low cost sensors on the engines and algorithms generated by mapping engine performance (PEMS). A new cost-effective system developed under a program sponsored by the Gas Research Institute (Chicago) combines the advantages of both systems to monitor engine emissions in gas transmission service. This hybrid system is a sensor-based analyzer that uses a sensor array, including a newly developed NOx sensor, to directly monitor NOx, CO, and O2 emissions at the stack. The gases are measured hot and wet, The new systems were installed and tested on a gas-fired Rolls Royce Spey turbine engine and on Ingersoll-Rand KVG-410 and Cooper GMVH-10 reciprocating engines in gas transmission service. These systems passed the Relative Accuracy Test (Part B) required under U.S. EPA regulations (40 CFR 60).

scholarly journals Sensor Based Analyzer for Continuous Emission Monitoring in Gas Pipeline Applications

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Schubert ◽  
David R. Sheridan ◽  
Michael D. Cooper ◽  
Andrew J. Banchieri
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Accuracy Test ◽  
Nox Sensor ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Using Data

Continuous emissions monitoring of gas turbine engines in pipeline service have typically been monitored using either laboratory derived instruments (CEMS) or predicted using data from low cost sensors on the engines and algorithms generated by mapping engine performance (PEMS). A new cost-effective system developed under a program sponsored by the Gas Research Institute (Chicago) combines the advantages of both systems to monitor engine emissions in gas transmission service. This hybrid system is a sensor based analyzer which uses a sensor array, including a newly developed NOx sensor, to directly monitor NOx, CO, and O2 emissions at the stack. The gases are measured hot and wet. The new systems were installed and tested on a gas-fired Rolls Royce Spey turbine engine and on Ingersoll-Rand KVG-410 and Cooper GMVH-10 reciprocating engines in gas transmission service. These systems passed the Relative Accuracy Test (Part B) required under U.S. EPA regulations (40 CFR 60).

scholarly journals State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Ashraf Elfasakhany
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Cold Starting ◽  
Starting Conditions ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
State Of Art

Biofuels are receiving increased scientific attention, and recently different biofuels have been proposed for spark ignition engines. This paper presents the state of art of using biofuels in spark ignition engines (SIE). Different biofuels, mainly ethanol, methanol, i-butanol-n-butanol, and acetone, are blended together in single dual issues and evaluated as renewables for SIE. The biofuels were compared with each other as well as with the fossil fuel in SIE. Future biofuels for SIE are highlighted. A proposed method to reduce automobile emissions and reformulate the emissions into new fuels is presented and discussed. The benefits and weaknesses of using biofuels in SIE are summarized. The study established that ethanol has several benefits as a biofuel for SIE; it enhanced engine performance and decreased pollutant emissions significantly; however, ethanol showed some drawbacks, which cause problems in cold starting conditions and, additionally, the engine may suffer from a vapor lock situation. Methanol also showed improvements in engine emissions/performance similarly to ethanol, but it is poisonous biofuel and it has some sort of incompatibility with engine materials/systems; its being miscible with water is another disadvantage. The lowest engine performance was displayed by n-butanol and i-butanol biofuels, and they also showed the greatest amount of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and CO emissions, but the lowest greenhouse effect. Ethanol and methanol introduced the highest engine performance, but they also showed the greatest CO2 emissions. Acetone introduced a moderate engine performance and the best/lowest CO and UHC emissions. Single biofuel blends are also compared with dual ones, and the results showed the benefits of the dual ones. The study concluded that the next generation of biofuels is expected to be dual blended biofuels. Different dual biofuel blends are also compared with each other, and the results showed that the ethanol–methanol (EM) biofuel is superior in comparison with n-butanol–i-butanol (niB) and i-butanol–ethanol (iBE).

scholarly journals Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Transient Drop Deformation during Transition through Orifices in High-Pressure Homogenizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Benedikt Mutsch ◽  
Peter Walzel ◽  
Christian J. Kähler
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Extensional Flow ◽  
Droplet Breakup ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Drop Deformation ◽  
Droplet Deformation ◽  
Shadow Imaging ◽  
Good Agreement

The droplet deformation in dispersing units of high-pressure homogenizers (HPH) is examined experimentally and numerically. Due to the small size of common homogenizer nozzles, the visual analysis of the transient droplet generation is usually not possible. Therefore, a scaled setup was used. The droplet deformation was determined quantitatively by using a shadow imaging technique. It is shown that the influence of transient stresses on the droplets caused by laminar extensional flow upstream the orifice is highly relevant for the droplet breakup behind the nozzle. Classical approaches based on an equilibrium assumption on the other side are not adequate to explain the observed droplet distributions. Based on the experimental results, a relationship from the literature with numerical simulations adopting different models are used to determine the transient droplet deformation during transition through orifices. It is shown that numerical and experimental results are in fairly good agreement at limited settings. It can be concluded that a scaled apparatus is well suited to estimate the transient droplet formation up to the outlet of the orifice.

Design, Development and Application of Vehicle Gas Turbine Engines

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
P. A. Phillips ◽  
Peter Spear
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cycle Temperature

After briefly summarizing worldwide automotive gas turbine activity, the paper analyses the power plant requirements of a wide range of vehicle applications in order to formulate the design criteria for acceptable vehicle gas turbines. Ample data are available on the thermodynamic merits of various gas turbine cycles; however, the low cost of its piston engine competitor tends to eliminate all but the simplest cycles from vehicle gas turbine considerations. In order to improve the part load fuel economy, some complexity is inevitable, but this is limited to the addition of a glass ceramic regenerator in the 150 b.h.p. engine which is described in some detail. The alternative further complications necessary to achieve satisfactory vehicle response at various power/weight ratios are examined. Further improvement in engine performance will come by increasing the maximum cycle temperature. This can be achieved at lower cost by the extension of the use of ceramics. The paper is intended to stimulate the design application of the gas turbine engine.

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