scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost as a Propulsion System Design Consideration

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Curry
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
System Development ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Math Model ◽  
Support Costs ◽  
Heavy Lift ◽  
Turboshaft Engine

This paper deals with applying Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Design To Cost (DTC) principles to aircraft engine programs. The dynamic driving elements of LCC are identified with an example of direct application to a deterministic computer model. This model was used as the principal tool to project operating and support costs for the XT701 turboshaft engine in conjunction with the U.S. Army Heavy Lift Helicopter Development that featured a specific DTC-related award fee in the contract. The overall methodology of LCC and DTC supported by the math model earned a Superior evaluation with an unprecedented 100 percent award fee for this kind of application. The customer audit, in support of the performance award, supports the conclusion that computer models can be used to enhance the LCC aspects of propulsion system development programs.

A Model for Making Part Sourcing Decisions for Long Life Cycle Products

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun J. Prabhakar ◽  
Peter Sandborn
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sourcing Strategies ◽  
Support Costs ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Sourcing Decisions ◽  
Linear Regulators

Long life cycle products, commonly found in aviation, medical and critical infrastructure applications, are often fielded and supported for long periods of time (20 years or more). The manufacture and support of long life cycle products rely on the availability of suitable parts, which over long periods of time, leaves the parts susceptible to a number of possible supply chain disruptions such as suppliers exiting the market, counterfeit part risks, and part obsolescence. One solution to mitigating the supply chain risk is the strategic formulation of suitable part sourcing strategies (optimally selecting one or more suppliers from which to purchase parts over the life of the part’s use within a product or within an organization). Strategic sourcing offers one way of avoiding the risk of part unavailability (and its associated penalties), but at the possible expense of qualification and support costs for multiple suppliers. Existing methods used to study part sourcing decisions are procurement-centric where cost tradeoffs focus on part pricing, negotiation practices and purchase volumes. These studies are commonplace in strategic parts management for short life cycle products; however, conventional procurement-centric approaches offer only a limited view when assessing parts used in long life cycle products. Procurement-driven decision-making provides little to no insight into the accumulation of life cycle cost (attributed to the adoption and use of the part), which can be significantly larger than procurement costs in long life cycle products. This paper presents a new life cycle modeling approach to quantify risk that enables cost effective part sourcing strategies. The method quantifies obsolescence risk as “annual expected total cost of ownership (TCO) per part site” modeled by estimating the likelihood of obsolescence and using that likelihood to determine the TCO allowing sourcing strategies to be compared on a life cycle cost basis. The method is demonstrated for electronic parts in an example case study of linear regulators and shows that when procurement and inventory costs are small contributions to the part’s TCO, the cost of qualifying and supporting a second source outweighs the benefits of extending the part’s effective procurement life.

scholarly journals EAGLE: An Interactive Engine/Airframe Life Cycle Cost Model

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Reed ◽  
R. R. Horton ◽  
J. B. Fyfe
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Weapon System ◽  
Technology Evaluation ◽  
Advance Technology ◽  
Design Decisions

A major portion of the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of a modern high technology weapon system is determined by design decisions made very early in the development process. Many of these decisions are so fundamental that later changes become impractical. As a result, a usage-sensitive, interactive aircraft engine LCC model has been developed by Pratt & Whitney Aircraft to evaluate and prioritize potential technology candidates during conceptual/preliminary design. This paper discusses the development of the EAGLE (Engine/Airframe Generalized LCC Evaluator) model, its validation using results from the Advance Technology Engine Studies (ATES), and includes an example engine technology evaluation.

Life Cycle Analysis for a Powertrain in a Concept for Electric Power Generation in a Hybrid Electric Aircraft

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schneider ◽  
Jens Dickhoff ◽  
Karsten Kusterer ◽  
Wilfried Visser
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the recent decades, civil aviation was growing 4.7% per annum. In order to reduce emissions promoting the global warming process, alternative propulsion systems are needed. Full-electric propulsion systems in aviation might have the potential for emission-free flights using renewable energy. However, several research efforts indicate electric propulsion only seems feasible for small aircraft. Especially due to the low energy density of batteries compared to fossil fuels. For this reason, hybrid propulsion systems came into focus, combining the benefits of all-electric and conventional propulsion system concepts. It is also considered as bridging technology, system test and basis for component development — and therewith paves the way towards CO2 free aviation. In the ‘HyFly’ project (supported by the German Luftfahrtforschungsprogramm LuFo V-3), the potential of a hybrid electric concept for a short/mid-range 19 PAX aircraft is assessed — not only on system but also on single component basis. In a recent study, the propulsion architecture and the operating mode of the gas turbine and the electric components have been defined [1]. In this paper, the advantages of the hybrid propulsion architecture and a qualitative assessment of component life are presented. Methods for life time prediction for the aircraft engine, the electric motor, the reluctance generator and the battery are discussed. The impact of turbine inlet temperature on life consumption is analyzed. The life cycle of the aircraft engine and the electric components including gradual component deterioration and consequent performance degradation is simulated by using an in-house gas turbine simulation tool (GTPsim). Therefore, various effects on electric propulsion system can be predicted for the entire drivetrain system in less than one hour.

scholarly journals Key aerodynamic technologies for aircraft engine nacelles

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (1107) ◽  
pp. 265-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Raghunathan ◽  
E. Benard ◽  
J. K. Watterson ◽  
R. K. Cooper ◽  
R. Curran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Transport Aircraft ◽  
Conducting Research

AbstractCustomer requirements and vision in aerospace dictate that the next generation of civil transport aircraft should have a strong emphasis on increased safety, reduced environmental impact and reduced cost without sacrificing performance. In this context, the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the Queen’s University of Belfast and Bombardier have, in recent years, been conducting research into some of the key aerodynamic technologies for the next generation of aircraft engine nacelles. Investigations have been performed into anti-icing technology, efficient thrust reversal, engine fire zone safety, life cycle cost and integration of the foregoing with other considerations in engine and aircraft design. A unique correlation for heat transfer in an anti-icing system has been developed. The effect of normal vibration on heat transfer in such systems has been found to be negligible. It has been shown that carefully designed natural blockage thrust reversers without a cascade can reduce aircraft weight with only a small sacrifice in the reversed thrust. A good understanding of the pressure relief doors and techniques to improve the performance of such doors have been developed. Trade off studies between aerodynamics, manufacturing and assembly of engine nacelles have shown the potential for a significant reduction in life cycle cost.

Economic Considerations for a New Gas Turbine System in the U.S. Navy

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
J. C. Ness ◽  
C. B. Franks ◽  
R. L. Sadala
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Support System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
System Development ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Cost Item ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
New System

During the phases of a U.S. Navy acquisition program for any new system, such as a gas turbine system, various analyses are conducted to evaluate the economic and technical benefits that can be gained by the new system. It is important that the economic analyses provide a good estimation of the nonrecurring and recurring costs. For the development of a new gas turbine system, a test program to prove the system’s technical and operational capability will have to be conducted and a support system will have to be developed to operate and maintain it during its life cycle. The costs of the engine development, the test program, and the support system development are considered nonrecurring or investment costs. The operation and maintenance costs over the life of the system are the recurring costs. This paper presents the life cycle cost scenario that should be used to evaluate the economics of a U.S. Navy marine gas turbine and the considerations that should be included in a Return on Investment analysis of the engine. The major cost categories discussed include engineering, logistics support, program management, and deployment support. Also, the unique considerations that would apply to marine gas turbines for Naval use are discussed along with how these considerations affect the economics of a gas turbine acquisition program. In addition, the paper identifies the funding responsibility of each cost item and provides discussion on ways to reduce the investment cost.

Embedded Training: Lessons from System Development Programs

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1014-1018
Author(s):  
Jan L. Ditzian ◽  
George R. Purifoy ◽  
Gregg K. Sullivan ◽  
Marilyn Sue Bogner
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
System Development ◽  
Training System ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Systems Management ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Systematic Process ◽  
Cycle Systems ◽  
Do So

The objective of the ARI-PM TRADE-TRADOC program in embedded training (ET) is to make ET considered systematically as a part of the systems acquisition process such that it is always considered as an option for the training system when appropriate to do so and developed such that it provides the maximum benefits. This objective requires that we develop methods and guidelines for determining if and how the ET component should be developed for any particular system during the acquisition process. ET has, up to now, been a very systematic process. PM-TRADE, TRADOC, ARI, and our contractor team intend to change this such that ET is a systematic part of the Life Cycle Systems Management Model (LCSMM) process.

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