The economic of production of vegetable crops grown in northern Omdurman, Khartoum State Sudan

The economic of production of vegetable crops grown in northern Omdurman, Khartoum State Sudan This study was carried out to estimate the profitability in terms of gross margins ol'the main vegetable crops grown in the area. Sampled farmers were randomly selected through a field survey during 2006/2007 agricultural season, and the collected data was subjected to descriptive statistics and gross margin analysis, in addition to the estimation of the benefit cost ratio. The results revealed that the vegetable crops under investigation arc profitable to farmers. Tomato crop scored the highest gross margin, followed by onion and lastly potato crop. Agricultural operation was the highest cost item for onion and tomato crops, while the agricultural inputs recorded the highest item for potato crop

SITUATION ANALYSIS OF YACHT FURNITURE SECTOR BUSINESSES

Yacht Industry is one of the important and developing sectors and yacht furniture manufactory is a branch of this sector those are growing day by day. Important that yacht and yacht furniture are both as status symbols and integrate each other. Seeing yachts and furniture as status symbols is important for these two complementary sectors. This importance is even more significant as yacht furniture manufacturing is the second largest cost item in yacht building after engine equipment.Yacht furniture manufactoring has important position in the yacht industry, in the future this importance will be understood better. It is significant to make researches on yacht furniture manufactoring’s technology use, quality, institutionalization, efficiency, employment, added value, branding and design will help to develop and improve our economy. When The Turkish Yacht Furniture Sector is compared to its competitors it has a cheap but qualified workforce and a central location close to all markets. Using results obtained from this study; although companies mostly solve their design and production drawings with architects and engineers in their own design offices, the most important problem is production managment and planning. Also the most crucial problem about production side is that qualified workers do not have sufficient skills. For those problems, the sector should be introduced correctly and yacht educational schools should be increased. In our country, yacht furniture sector which is sub-sector under the yacht building industy that is dynamicly developing in last decate despite the contraction in developed countries.

1502 UK National Survey of Huber Needle Availability for Deflation of Gastric Band Balloon in The Acute Setting

Introduction The laparoscopic gastric band was popularised in the 1990’s. The procedure involves placement of an adjustable band around the proximal stomach, aiming to induce satiety and offering a surgical solution to morbid obesity. Complications such as band slippage and erosion, together with succession by sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass which offer more significant weight loss has meant the procedure has gone out of favour. However, their legacy continues with a stream of patients presenting annually with complications, many of whom have travelled abroad for the procedure. The aim of this study was to examine Huber needle availability in acute surgical units nationally. Method All acute general surgical admission units across the UK were identified from the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit database. The senior nurse managing each unit was contacted by telephone and asked three questions; whether their hospital has an elective bariatric service on site, whether they review acute bariatric emergencies and whether the unit stocks Huber needles. Results 151 acute general surgical units were identified across the UK, of which 60% responded. 30/90(33%) have an elective bariatric service on site and 65/90(72%) reviewed acute bariatric patients. 8/90(8.9%) stock Huber needles for the acute deflation of gastric bands. Conclusions Patients presenting acutely with gastric band complications typically need urgent deflation of the gastric band. The Huber needle is a non-coring needle used for gastric band adjustment, preventing damage to the port. The Huber needle is a low-cost item and should be stocked by all acute general surgical units.

The Effect of Hormone Treatments on Germination and Seedling Characters of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Seeds

Medicinal Sage is consumed as tea in sore throat and kidney diseases caused by cold and flu. It also has sedative, diuretic, antiperspirant and disinfectant effects. Thujone, which is found in the essential oil of Salvia officinalis species, is an essential oil component with very strong antiseptic and antibiotic effects. Sage (Salvia officinalis), which is a medicinal and an aromatic plant and has a wide area of usage, is cultivated due to these properties. However, the most critical cost item in the production of sage is the weeding done in the first years. The understory weeding done without using herbicides continues until the sage seedlings shield the soil and prevent the development of other herbs. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of hormone treatment on germination success and seedling morphological characters in sage seeds. Within the scope of this research, sage seeds were planted by being exposed to IAA, IBA, GA3 and NAA hormones at 1000, 2500 and 5000 ppm concentrations for 3 to 5 seconds and at 50, 100 and 200 ppm doses for 24 hours, and thus 26 applications were performed together with the control groups. The seeds were planted in sterile peat medium after the hormone treatments, and the effect of hormone treatments on the germination percentage and some seedling characters was tried to be found after 30 days of germination. As a result of the research, it was found that the hormone treatments positively affected most of seedling characters.

Investment Models for Enterprise Architecture (EA) and IT Architecture Projects within the Open Innovation Concept

Information technologies (IT) architecture and infrastructure is a significant cost item, especially for enterprises with complex production infrastructure and equipment that require automated and digital devices to collect and process primary data on technological and production processes. Most investment models for enterprise-wide development projects usually do not take into account the automation’s costs, including the design and implementation of information systems. The Enterprise Architecture (EA) paradigm has been proposed to bridge the gap between the business and the IT sector. The study aims to develop investment models for projects for the implementation and development of EA solutions, including IT architectures that eliminate the shortcomings of existing approaches. The research methodology is based on the analysis of published approaches to investment models for projects creating and developing EA, IT architectures with the identification of their advantages and limitations, and on the analysis of IT investment assessment practices in Russian infrastructure-intensive companies. As a result, investment and appraisal models are proposed that have advantages associated with the ability to calculate the effect of an integrated approach to the implementation of IT solutions, a more accurate calculation of an investment project cost by taking into account the IT system’s cost, a reduction in the investment cycle of development and implementation of architectural solutions, including physical and IT component.

Specific cost modelling for secondary treatment of wastewater

The article is devoted to the study of model cost indicators of wastewater treatment facilities as one of the factors for ensuring sustainable development. It is noted that the greatest contribution in terms of cost formation is provided by the stage of biological wastewater treatment. As part of the study, a techno-economic simulation was conducted to compare two technological treatment schemes: conventional activated sludge scheme in aeration reactor and secondary settling tank, and treatment by means of membrane bioreactors. In the course of technological modeling, the concentrations of pollutants after treatment were obtained and compared for each of the schemes, as well as the values of possible harm to water bodies were calculated. Within the framework of cost modeling, capital and operating costs were obtained for the two variants, and key differences in their formation were analyzed. It is noted that the classical cleaning scheme requires the construction of a larger volume of structures, while for schemes with a membrane bioreactor, a significant cost item is the purchase of the actual membrane modules, but as the system performance increases, the share of these costs decreases.

Method selection for demand forecasting: Application in a private hospital

On the basis of a productive and peaceful society, the physical and mental health of individuals constituting society lies. The threat for health resulting from the deterioration of environmental conditions, genetic inheritance, etc. leads individuals to receive health care services and thus direct them to hospitals. Hospitals in the service sector are enterprises where there is very intense interaction with customers which is difficult to manage. Competition among the institutions involved in this field, to transfer the best service to our customers with cost-efficient confronts us as a necessity. One of the most important points in providing suitable is planning during making a purchase. Particularly in institutions such as hospitals where the purchase of medical supplies is a major cost item, a good demand forecast should be made for the control of inventory costs. In this study, with data taken from a hospital in Istanbul, a demand forecast application was conducted with the actual demand data for the last five years of basic medical materials used. Different forecasting methods were applied to the available data, and it was intended to determine the most appropriate forecasting method.

Economic and potential profitability assessment of poultry farming

India today is the one of the world’s largest producer of eggs and broiler meat. The poultry industry in India has undergone a major shift in structure and operation during the last two decades transforming from a mere backyard activity into a major industry with the presence of a large number of integrated players. Present study was conducted to examine the economic and potential profitability assessment of poultry farming. The study was based on the data collected from the primary source. The results revealed thatthe total fixed cost in RIR breed and Kadaknath breed were estimated to be Rs. 55.66 per bird and Rs. 50.61 per bird, respectively. Feed cost was the major cost item accounting 57 per cent of the total cost. BCR, IRR and PI of the project were 1.56, 57 per cent and 2.57, respectively. Similarly, NPW of the project was also positive. Project recovered its initial investment in one year one month 28 days. It shows that, this project is financially feasible.

Risk quantification using fuzzy-based Monte Carlo simulation

Estimating cost contingency of construction projects depends largely on data captured from previous projects and/or experience and judgment of members of project team. Mote Carlo simulation is commonly used in estimating contingency, where its accuracy was reported to depend on number of iterations used in the simulation process, probability density functions associated with each project cost item being considered and the correlation among these cost items. The literature reveals that the latter is the most important issue for accurate estimate of contingency. It, however, requires the calculation of coefficients of correlation among cost items based on captured historical records of cost data. Subjective correlation was introduced to alleviate the difficulties associated with the calculation of these coefficients. This paper presents a newly developed method for cost contingency estimation that considers subjective correlations and allows for contingency estimation with and without computer simulation. Unlike the methods reported in the literature, the present method considers uncertainty associated with the coefficients of correlation and utilizes earlier work of the first author in calculating the variance of total project cost. It also allows for assessing the impact of variable covariance matrix on the estimated project cost using a simple and user-friendly computational platform. The application of the developed method on cost data captured from two databases demonstrates its use and accuracy in estimating cost contingency. The results are compared to those produced by others using Monte Carlo Simulation with and without correlation using an actual project data.