scholarly journals Dry Low NOx Combustion System for Utility Gas Turbine

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Washam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Stage Combustion ◽  
Low Nox Combustion ◽  
Multimode Operation ◽  
Further Development

A Dry Low NOx combustion system has been developed for a 80 MW gas turbine operating on natural gas and on distillate oil. The system, employing two-stage combustion and multimode operation, meets the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for NOx emissions across much of the load range for both fuels. Mid-load smoke, NOx, and carbon monoxide emissions on distillate oil require further development. This paper outlines the emissions performance of the system for Dry Low NOx applications, specifically in terms of NSPS NOx requirements. Machine data, in addition to test stand data, support the conclusions.

Premixing Gas and Air to Reduce NOx Emissions With Existing Proven Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Becker ◽  
P. Berenbrink ◽  
H. Brandner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Usual Manner ◽  
Low Nox Combustion ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustion

In the case of the burners employed in KWU gas turbine combustion chambers, the entire primary air is supplied through the swirlers associated with the burners. It is thus relatively easy to add natural gas to this air uniformly before it enters the combustion zone. This results in a particularly low NOx combustion process provided that the air to fuel ratio is being maintained within a certain range. The supplementary equipment to premix the fuel and air does not affect the burner performance when the fuel is supplied in the conventional way by means of gas or oil nozzles. Consequently, the gas turbine will be started up and loaded in the usual manner. In the high load range the burners are then switched over to premixed combustion operation. A small amount of fuel through the central gas nozzle stabilizes the flame in the case of a sudden load decrease. Combustion chambers already in service can be retrofitted with the new premixing equipment to reduce NOx emissions to about one third of the original values. The combustors can be operated with liquid fuels together with steam or water for NOx reduction in the conventional way.

Field Test Results of a Dry Low NOx Combustion System for the MS3002J Regenerative Cycle Gas Turbine

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Maughan ◽  
K. M. Elward ◽  
S. M. De Pietro ◽  
P. J. Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Low Nox Combustion ◽  
Regenerative Cycle

A dry low NOx combustion system for the MS3002J regenerative cycle gas turbine has been developed and successfully installed at two pipeline compressor stations. Preparation for the DLN retrofits began with initial field testing of the conventional system intended to characterize some of the unique features of the two-shaft, regenerative cycle machine that might affect the proposed premixed combustor design. Combustor transition pieces were instrumented with gas sampling probes for CO2 analysis. Fuel flow to each combustor was measured and controlled. Consequently, the fuel/air ratio, exit temperature, and air flow for each combustor could be determined over the operating range. The dry low NOx combustion system for the MS3002J R/C is based on an existing system for the MS6001B gas turbine. A description of the hardware and system operation is given, Because of the relatively high inlet temperature of the MS3002J R/C (950°F), some portions of the liner required highly efficient effusion cooling. A new transition piece seal was developed to reduce leakage and ensure uniform air flow throughout the machine. A control strategy was developed to guide the machine through diffusion modes of operation at low load to premixed combustion at higher loads. Results showed acceptable component temperatures throughout. Emissions measurements were consistent with previous laboratory measurements and met design targets of 33 ppm NOx and 25ppm CO (at 15 percent O2) over the required range. The fuel split between the two premixed flame zones was controlled over the load range of the turbine to optimize CO, NOx, and liner temperatures. Because of the high inlet temperature and low overall temperature rise, dynamic pressure activity was low. Following a successful inspection after 6000 hours of operation, the hardware inspection interval has been set at 12,000 h.

scholarly journals Field Test Results of a Dry Low NOx Combustion System for the MS3002J Regenerative Cycle Gas Turbine

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Maughan ◽  
Kevin M. Elward ◽  
Simon M. De Pietro ◽  
Paul J. Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Low Nox Combustion ◽  
Regenerative Cycle

A dry low NOx combustion system for the MS3002J regenerative cycle gas turbine has been developed and successfully installed at two pipeline compressor stations. Preparation for the DLN retrofits began with initial field testing of the conventional system intended to characterize some of the unique features of the two-shaft, regenerative cycle machine that might impact the proposed premixed combustor design. Combustor transition pieces were instrumented with gas sampling probes for CO2 analysis. Fuel flow to each combustor was measured and controlled. Consequently, the fuel/air ratio, exit temperature, and air flow for each combustor could be determined over the operating range. The dry low NOx combustion system for the MS3002J R/C is based on an existing system for the MS6001B gas turbine. A description of the hardware and system operation is given. Because of the relatively high inlet temperature of the MS3002J R/C (950 F), some portions of the liner required highly efficient effusion cooling. A new transition piece seal was developed to reduce leakage and ensure uniform air flow throughout the machine. A control strategy was developed to guide the machine through diffusion modes of operation at low load to premixed combustion at higher loads. Results showed acceptable component temperatures throughout. Emissions measurements were consistent with previous laboratory measurements and met design targets of 33 ppm NOx and 25 ppm CO (at 15% O2) over the required range. The fuel split between the two premixed flame zones was controlled over the load range of the turbine to optimize CO, NOx, and liner temperatures. Because of the high inlet temperature and low overall temperature rise, dynamic pressure activity was low. Following a successful inspection after 6000 hours of operation, the hardware inspection interval has been set at 12000 hrs.

scholarly journals Development of a Catalytic Combustor for a Heavy-Duty Utility Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Dalla Betta ◽  
James C. Schlatter ◽  
Sarento G. Nickolas ◽  
Martin B. Cutrone ◽  
Kenneth W. Beebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Catalytic Combustion ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Catalytic Reactor ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Catalytic Combustor

The most effective technologies currently available for controlling NOx emissions from heavy-duty industrial gas turbines are either diluent injection in the combustor reaction zone, or lean premixed Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion. For ultra low emissions requirements, these must be combined with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) DeNOx systems in the gas turbine exhaust. An alternative technology for achieving comparable emissions levels with the potential for lower capital investment and operating cost is catalytic combustion of lean premixed fuel and air within the gas turbine. The design of a catalytic combustion system using natural gas fuel has been prepared for the GE model MS9OOIE gas turbine. This machine has a turbine inlet temperature to the first rotating stage of over 1100°C and produces approximately 105 MW electrical output in simple cycle operation. The 508 mm diameter catalytic combustor designed for this gas turbine was operated at full-scale conditions in tests conducted in 1992 and 1994. The combustor was operated for twelve hours during the 1994 test and demonstrated very low NOx emissions from the catalytic reactor. The total exhaust NOx level was approximately 12–15 ppmv and was produced almost entirely in the preburner ahead of the reactor. A small quantity of steam injected into the preburner reduced the NOx emissions to 5–6 ppmv. Development of the combustion system has continued with the objectives of reducing CO and UHC emissions, understanding the parameters affecting reactor stability and spatial non-uniformities which were observed at low inlet temperature, and improving the structural integrity of the reactor system to a level required for commercial operation of gas turbines. Design modifications were completed and combustion hardware was fabricated for additional full-scale tests of the catalytic combustion system in March 1995 and January 1996. This paper presents a discussion of the combustor design, the catalytic reactor design and the results of full-scale testing of the improved combustor at MS9OOIE cycle conditions in the March 1995 and January 1996 tests. Major improvements in performance were achieved with CO and UHC emissions of 10 ppmv and 0 ppmv at base load conditions. This ongoing program will lead to two additional full-scale combustion system tests in 1996. The results of these tests will be available for discussion at the June 1996 Conference in Birmingham.

Design and Testing of an Ultra-Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustor

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth O. Smith ◽  
Leonard C. Angello ◽  
F. Richard Kurzynske
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Program Goal ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Design And Testing

The design and initial rig testing of an ultra-low NOx gas turbine combustor primary zone are described. A lean premixed, swirl-stabilized combustor was evaluated over a range of pressures up to 10.7 × 105 Pa (10.6 atm) using natural gas. The program goal of reducing NOx emissions to 10 ppm (at 15% O2) with coincident low CO emissions was achieved at all combustor pressure levels. Appropriate combustor loading for ultra-low NOx operation was determined through emissions sampling within the primary zone. The work described represents a first step in developing an advanced gas turbine combustion system that can yield ultra-low NOx levels without the need for water injection and selective catalytic reduction.

Investigation of Combustion Structure Inside Low NOx Combustors for a 1500°C-Class Gas Turbine

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Matsuzaki ◽  
I. Fukue ◽  
S. Mandai ◽  
S. Tanimura ◽  
M. Inada
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Axial Velocity Distribution ◽  
Low Nox Combustion ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Vane Angle ◽  
Design Pressure

This paper describes the cold flow tests and low pressure combustion tests which were conducted for the development of a 1500°C-class low NOx combustion system. In the cold flow tests, the effect of vane angle and the momentum ratio of fuel to air flow on mixing characteristics inside the premixing nozzles was investigated. The stabilization of the flow field inside the combustor was confirmed by measurement of the axial velocity distribution and observations by using a tuft of soft thread. Combustion characteristics in terms of emissions and stability were investigated initially by low pressure combustion tests, and the gas temperature distribution inside the combustor was measured. NOx emissions for a 1500°C-class gas turbine as low as 50ppm at 15% oxygen at design pressure were demonstrated.

Development of a Catalytic Combustor for a Heavy-Duty Utility Gas Turbine

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Dalla Betta ◽  
J. C. Schlatter ◽  
S. G. Nickolas ◽  
M. B. Cutrone ◽  
K. W. Beebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Catalytic Combustion ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Catalytic Reactor ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Catalytic Combustor

The most effective technologies currently available for controlling NOx emissions from heavy-duty industrial gas turbines are diluent injection in the combustor reaction zone, and lean premixed Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion. For ultralow emissions requirements, these must be combined with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) DeNOx systems in the gas turbine exhaust. An alternative technology for achieving comparable emissions levels with the potential for lower capital investment and operating cost is catalytic combustion of lean premixed fuel and air within the gas turbine. The design of a catalytic combustion system using natural gas fuel has been prepared for the GE model MS9OO1E gas turbine. This machine has a turbine inlet temperature to the first rotating stage of over 1100°C and produces approximately 105 MW electrical output in simple cycle operation. The 508-mm-dia catalytic combustor designed for this gas turbine was operated at full-scale conditions in tests conducted in 1992 and 1994. The combustor was operated for twelve hours during the 1994 test and demonstrated very low NOx emissions from the catalytic reactor. The total exhaust NOx level was approximately 12–15 ppmv and was produced almost entirely in the preburner ahead of the reactor. A small quantity of steam injected into the preburner reduced the NOx emissions to 5–6 ppmv. Development of the combustion system has continued with the objectives of reducing CO and UHC emissions, understanding the parameters affecting reactor stability and spatial nonuniformities that were observed at low inlet temperature, and improving the structural integrity of the reactor system to a level required for commercial operation of gas turbines. Design modifications were completed and combustion hardware was fabricated for additional full-scale tests of the catalytic combustion system in March 1995 and January 1996. This paper presents a discussion of the combustor design, the catalytic reactor design, and the results of full-scale testing of the improved combustor at MS9OO1E cycle conditions in the March 1995 and January 1996 tests. Major improvements in performance were achieved with CO and UHC emissions of 10 ppmv and 0 ppmv at baseload conditions. This ongoing program will lead to two additional full-scale combustion system tests in 1996. The results of these tests will be available for discussion at the June 1996 Conference in Birmingham.

Development and Atmospheric Testing of a High Hydrogen FlameSheet™ Combustor for the OP16 Gas Turbine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thijs Bouten ◽  
Jan Withag ◽  
Lars-Uno Axelsson ◽  
Joris Koomen ◽  
Diethard Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Load Range ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Trapped Vortex

Abstract Gas turbines with a combustion system for hydrogen operation offer a low carbon solution to support the stability of the energy grid. This provides a solution capturing the needs for energy storage, in the form of hydrogen, and flexible power generation. Fuel flexibility is a key requirement to reduce the operational risks in case hydrogen is not available, whereby hydrogen can be combined with other conventional or alternative fuels. A key issue to achieve 100% hydrogen combustion with low emissions is to prevent flashback. To address the challenges, a project consortium was set-up consisting of gas turbine equipment manufacturers, academia and end-users. The major objective is to develop a cost-effective, ultra-low emissions (sub 9 ppm NOx and CO) combustion system for gas turbines in the 1–300 MW output range, including the 1.85 MWe OPRA OP16 gas turbine. At the center of this innovative high-technology project is the patented and novel aerodynamic trapped vortex FlameSheet™ combustion technology platform. Burner concepts based on an aerodynamically trapped vortex flame stabilization have a higher resistance towards flame blowout than conventional swirl stabilized burners. This paper will present the results of the first phase of the project, whereby atmospheric testing of the upgraded FlameSheet™ combustor has been performed operating on natural gas, hydrogen and mixtures thereof. The optimized combustor configurations demonstrated a wide load range on 100% hydrogen, and these results will be presented.

Firing Trials of the Siemens SGT-300 Dry Low Emissions Combustion System Using High Calorific Value Fuels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher Calladine ◽  
Jim Rogerson ◽  
Phill Hubbard ◽  
Suresh K. Sadasivuni ◽  
Ghenadie Bulat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oils ◽  
Wobbe Index ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Abstract The current paper presents an extension of the fuel flexibility of the Siemens SGT-300 Dry Low Emissions combustion system to include High Calorific Value fuels, achieved using the engine’s current standard combustion hardware. Results from high pressure rig tests show that the standard SGT-300 DLE combustor can reliably operate on High Calorific Value fuels with temperature corrected Wobbe Index up to 63MJ/m3, which corresponds to Grade A LPG (60%vol. C3H8, 40%vol. C4H10). Metal temperatures of the combustion hardware when operating on High Calorific Value fuels are within life acceptance criteria for the Siemens SGT-300 industrial gas turbine. NOx emissions throughout the load range of the engine comply with the EU Industrial Emissions Directive. At part load, a reduced requirement for piloting compared to Natural Gas yields relatively low temperatures at the burner face and low NOx emissions. NOx emissions at full load, which tend to increase with increasing heating value, are higher than for Natural Gas but lower than for diesel and heavy fuel oils.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document