Indirect Firing of Gas Turbines by Residual Coal-Water Fuel

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Green
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Residual Fuel Oil ◽  
Fluid Bed ◽  
Process Heat ◽  
Residual Coal ◽  
Low Sulfur Content ◽  
Low Sulfur

Production of low-ash, low-sulfur coal-water fuel (CWF) will yield large quantities of high-ash but still low-sulfur “residual” CWF analogous to the residual fuel oil produced by petroleum refining. Relatively low in cost compared to the premium, low-ash CWF product, “resid” CWF will thus be available for in-plant industrial generation of conventional steam power or process heat. Due to its low sulfur content, however, a higher-value use of such a compliance fuel can be the indirect firing of gas turbines for the more efficient combination of power generation plus subsequent bottoming-cycle use or process heat applications (cogeneration). To limit NOx emissions, staged combustion will be required. Such operation can be accomplished starting with substoichiometric CWF reaction in “conventional” slurry burners followed by final combustion completed in the bottom region of a deep, intensely-mixed, fludized-bed heat exchanger. By virtue of the highly enhanced heat-transfer characteristics of the strongly-stirred bed of non-reactive particles, the normal limitation of rates of non-pressurized fire-side heat transfer is elevated. The fuel ash particles, milled fine by passage through the bed of refractory heat-transfer particles, are collected in a conventional baghouse. The conceptual design of such a combustion-driven, fluid-bed heat exchanger system fired by high-ash, residual coal-water fuel is outlined and its advantages over a conventional fluid-bed, solid-coal combustor for indirect firing of gas turbines are enumerated.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Erosion and Characteristics of Deposits in Gas Turbines Burning Heavy High Sulfur Fuel Oil

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Wong-Moreno ◽  
Alicia Sánchez-Villalvazo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Residual Fuel Oil ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oils ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Heavy, brittle and very hard deposits built on the first row vanes have caused severe erosion of all the first stage blades of a gas turbine during operation with washed and treated heavy residual fuel oil. The high sulphur (3.5–4.0 wt.%) fuel oil consumed by the turbine is also high in vanadium (280–290 ppm) and asphaltene content. In the present work the results of an investigation on the physical and chemical characteristics of erosive ash deposits as a function of operation conditions and fuel oil characteristics are presented. The structure and chemistry of deposits were studied by chemical analysis, x-ray diffraction, microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy. It was confirmed that deposit friability is enhanced by its MgSO4 content and that its hardness depends on the amount of MgO present. It was also found a clear correlation between the gas inlet temperature and the size of the ash particles deposited, and on the degree of compactness and hardness of the deposit. The role of the unburned particles, unavoidable in the combustion of heavy fuel oils, is discussed in relation to their influence on the effectiveness of the magnesium inhibitor.

Daesan Combined Cycle Power Plant: Successful Operating Experience on Low Sulphur Waxy Residual Fuel Oil

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen-Woo Lee ◽  
Hwan-Doo Kim ◽  
Sung-Il Wi ◽  
Jean-Pierre Stalder
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heat Recovery Boiler ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Residual Fuel Oil

This paper presents and discusses the successful operating experience and the issues related to burning low sulphur waxy residual (LSWR) fuel oil at the 507 MW IPP Daesan Combined Cycle Power Plant. The power plant was built and is operated by Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI). It comprises four Siemens-Westinghouse 501D5 engines, each with a heat recovery boiler including supplementary firing and one steam turbine. This plant, commissioned in 1997, is designed to burn LSWR fuel oil. LSWR fuel oil was selected because of the lower fuel cost as compared to LNG and other liquid fuels available in Korea. By adding a combustion improver to the LSWR fuel oil it is possible for HHI to comply with the tight Korean environmental regulations, despite the tendency for heavy smoke and particulate emissions when burning this type of fuel oil. The successful operating experience, availability, reliability and performance achieved in Daesan, as well as the commercial viability (which by far offsets the additional capital expenditure and the additional related O&M costs) demonstrate that LSWR fuel oil firing in heavy duty gas turbines is rewarding. This is especially important in view of the growing disposal problems of residuals at refineries around the world.

Integrity of Old Pipelines Buried in Petroleum Products Storage Terminals

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Y. Fujikawa ◽  
Eduardo O. de A. Silva ◽  
Reinaldo A. das Neves ◽  
Derci Donizeti Massitelli ◽  
Newton Orlando Abraha˜o ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Theoretical Results

This work aims to present the results obtained from the experience gained through the accomplishment of the inspection with the ultrasonic umbilical pig in a non-piggable internal pipe buried in the Transpetro Storage Terminal in Sa˜o Caetano do Sul, in Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil. The pipeline considered in this work is a line for marine fuel oil, which, because of its high viscosity, must be heated in order to flow. The oil is heated in the terminal by the steam produced in boilers. The heat transfer may occur in a heat exchanger or inside the storage tank, and the pipeline referred is thermally isolated. So that the line could be inspected, it was divided in two parts, one upstream of the pumps (suction), which is a 12-inch line, and the other downstream of the same pumps (discharge), which is a 14-inch line. This work has been developed by Transpetro’s Pipeline Operation, Maintenance, Inspection and Safety Departments together, since the planning phase, passing by the job execution and getting to the conclusion. To begin with, the operational liberation of the line had to be agreed between all the departments involved with the PIG inspection, which were mentioned before, and Transpetro’s Logistics Department. Once the PIG passage was scheduled, an initial cleaning had to be performed by the Operation Activity. Since this line is non-piggable, the installation of adaptations was necessary. After that, the passage of cleaning PIGs was possible, and the line sections could be enabled. The next step was the inspection of the pipeline with umbilical ultrasonic PIGs. After the passage of these PIGs, the adaptations had to be removed and the pipeline had to be conditioned for the operational return. After this part of the inspection was finished, the verification of the results issued was necessary. Once the theoretical results were available, ditches were opened for correlation inspection and temporary repairs in the most critical points for the operation were applied. The last part of the work consists in an analysis study of technical and economical viability for rehabilitation of the lines.

scholarly journals A Low NOx Combustion System and a Ceramic Cross Flow Heat Exchanger for Small Gas Turbines

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Förster ◽  
Peter Quell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Shaft Power ◽  
Flow Heat ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

A new low NOx oil-combustion system with superheated steam fuel evaporation prior to combustion has been found especially feasible for open cycle gas turbines with high turbine inlet temperatures and ceramic cross flow heat exchanger. The actual state of development of both the low NOx light fuel-oil combustion system and ceramic heat exchanger elements, especially the cross flow type, is outlined in this paper. The use of this combustion system results in considerably lower combustion temperatures in the primary combustion zone, reducing the NOx-production even at high air temperatures when the air is preheated in the heat exchanger. The water vapour used for the evaporation of the fuel oil before combustion has an improving effect on the cycle efficiency comparable to the Cheng-dual-fluid-cycle. Illustrative evaluations for a gas turbine cycle for a shaft power of 70 kW are given.

scholarly journals EIS Evaluation of Fe, Cr, and Ni in NaVO3at 700°C

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Sotelo-Mazón ◽  
J. Porcayo-Calderon ◽  
C. Cuevas-Arteaga ◽  
J. J. Ramos-Hernandez ◽  
J. A. Ascencio-Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Residual Fuel Oil ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oils ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
Nickel Base

Due to the depletion of high-grade fuels and for economic reasons, use of residual fuel oil in energy generation systems is a common practice. Residual fuel oil contains sodium, vanadium, and sulphur as impurities, as well as NaCl contamination. Metallic dissolution caused by molten vanadates has been classically considered the main corrosion process involved in the degradation of alloys exposed to the combustion products of heavy fuel oils. Iron and nickel base alloys are the commercial alloys commonly used for the high temperature applications, for example, manufacture of components used in aggressive environments of gas turbines, steam boilers, and so forth. Therefore, because the main constituents of these materials are Fe, Cr, and Ni, where Cr is the element responsible for providing the corrosion resistance, in this study the electrochemical performance of Fe, Cr, and Ni in NaVO3at 700°C in static air for 100 hours was evaluated.

scholarly journals NGNP Process Heat Utilization: Liquid Metal Phase Change Heat Exchanger

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Sabharwall ◽  
Mike Patterson ◽  
Vivek Utgikar ◽  
Fred Gunnerson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Compact Heat Exchangers ◽  
Process Heat

One key long-standing issue that must be overcome to fully realize the successful growth of nuclear power is to determine other benefits of nuclear energy apart from meeting the electricity demands. The Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) will most likely be producing electricity and heat for the production of hydrogen and/or oil retrieval from oil sands and oil shale to help in our national pursuit of energy independence. For nuclear process heat to be utilized, intermediate heat exchange is required to transfer heat from the NGNP to the hydrogen plant or oil recovery field in the most efficient way possible. Development of nuclear reactor-process heat technology has intensified the interest in liquid metals as heat transfer media because of their ideal transport properties. Liquid metal heat exchangers are not new in practical applications. An important rationale for considering liquid metals as the working fluid is because of the higher convective heat transfer coefficient. This explains the interest in liquid metals as coolant for intermediate heat exchange from NGNP. The production of electric power at higher efficiency via the Brayton Cycle, and hydrogen production, requires both heat at higher temperatures and high effectiveness compact heat exchangers to transfer heat to either the power or process cycle. Compact heat exchangers maximize the heat transfer surface area per volume of heat exchanger; this has the benefit of reducing heat exchanger size and heat losses. High temperature IHX design requirements are governed in part by the allowable temperature drop between the outlet of NGNP and inlet of the process heat facility. In order to improve the characteristics of heat transfer, liquid metal phase change heat exchangers may be more effective and efficient. This paper explores the overall heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop of the phase change heat exchanger with Na as the heat exchanger coolant. In order to design a very efficient and effective heat exchanger one must optimize the design such that we have a high heat transfer and a lower pressure drop, but there is always a tradeoff between them. Based on NGNP operational parameters, a heat exchanger analysis with the sodium phase change is presented to show that the heat exchanger has the potential for highly effective heat transfer, within a small volume at reasonable cost.

Prediction of Performance From PRB Coal Fired in Utility Boilers With Various Furnace and Firing System Arrangements

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chudnovsky ◽  
A. Talanker ◽  
Y. Berman ◽  
R. Saveliev ◽  
M. Perelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Powder River Basin ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Utility Boilers ◽  
Low Sulfur Content ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Firing System

The present regulatory requirements enforce the modification of the firing modes of existing coal-fired utility boilers and the use of coals different from those originally designed for these boilers. The reduction in SO2 and NOx emissions was the primary motivation for these changes. Powder river basin (PRB) coals, classified as subbituminous ranked coals, can lower NOx and SOx emissions from power plants due to their high volatile content and low sulfur content, respectively. On the other hand, PRB coals have also high moisture content, low heating value, and low fusion temperature. Therefore when a power plant switches from the designed coal to a PRB coal, operational challenges were encountered. A major problem that can occur when using these coals is the severe slagging and excess fouling on the heat exchanger surfaces. Not only is there an insulating effect from deposit, but there is also a change in reflectivity of the surface. Excess furnace fouling and high reflectivity ash may cause reduction in heat transfer in the furnace, which results in higher furnace exit gas temperatures (FEGTs), especially with opposite wall burners and with a single backpass. Higher FEGTs usually result in higher stack gas temperature, increasing the reheater spray flow and therefore decreasing the boiler efficiency with a higher heat rate of the unit. A successful modification of an existing unit for firing of PRB coals requires the evaluation of the following parameters: (1) capacities or limitations of the furnace size, (2) the type and arrangement of the firing system, (3) heat transfer surface, (4) pulverizers, (5) sootblowers, (6) fans, and (7) airheaters. In the present study we used a comprehensive methodology to make this evaluation for three PRB coals to be potentially fired in a 575 MW tangential-fired boiler.

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