scholarly journals Cold Flow Experiments in a Sub-Scale Model of the Diffuser-Combustor Section of an Industrial Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Kapat ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
W. R. Ryan ◽  
I. S. Diakunchak ◽  
R. L. Bannister
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

This paper describes the experimental facility and flow measurements in a sub-scale, 360-degree model of the diffuser-combustor section of an advanced developmental industrial gas turbine. The experiments were performed under cold flow conditions which can be scaled to actual machine operation through the use of a conventional flow parameter. Wall pressure measurements were used to calculate the static pressure recovery in the annular pre-diffuser. A five-hole probe was used to measure the complex three-dimensional flow in the dump diffuser. Mass-weighted average total pressures were calculated to examine the loss characteristics of the annular and the dump diffuser. The “sink” effect caused by the combustors induces a nonuniform velocity profile and pressure distribution at the exit of the annular pre-diffuser, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the annular pre-diffuser. The outer region of the dump diffuser effectively diffuses the flow while recirculation in other areas of the dump diffuser lowers diffuser effectiveness. Partially nonuniform flow distribution was observed at the entrance to the annular passage between the combustors and the combustor housing (top hat). The existence of circumferential flow in this annular passage tends to increase air flow uniformity into the combustor. Although a specific geometry was selected for the present study, the results provide sufficient generality for improving understanding of the complex flow behaviors in the reverse flow diffuser-combustor sections of industrial gas turbines.

Experimental Studies of Air Extraction for Cooling and/or Gasification in Gas Turbine Applications

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Kapat ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
W. R. Ryan ◽  
I. S. Diakunchak ◽  
R. L. Bannister
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Single Port ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

This paper describes an experimental study on how the flow field inside the dump diffuser of an industrial gas turbine is affected by air extraction through a single port on the shell around the dump diffuser. A subscale, 360 deg model of the diffuser-combustor section of an advanced developmental industrial gas turbine was used in this study. The experiments were performed under cold flow conditions, which can be scaled to actual machine operation. Three different conditions were experimentally studied: 0, 5, and 20 percent air extraction. It was found that air extraction, especially extraction at the 20 percent rate, introduced flow asymmetry inside the dump diffuser and, in some locations, increased the local flow recirculations. This indicated that when air was extracted through a single port on the shell, the performance of the dump diffuser was adversely affected with an approximate 7.6 percent increase of the total pressure loss, and the air flow into the combustors did not remain uniform. The global flow distribution was shown to be approximately 35 percent nonuniform diametrically across the dump diffuser. Although a specific geometry was selected, the results provide sufficient generality for improving understanding of the complex flow behavior in the reverse flow diffuser-combustor sections of gas turbines under the influence of various air extractions.

Experimental Studies of Air Extraction for Cooling and/or Gasification in Gas Turbine Applications

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Kapat ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
W. R. Ryan ◽  
I. S. Diakunchak ◽  
R. L. Bannister
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Single Port ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

This paper describes an experimental study on how the flow field inside the dump diffuser of an industrial gas turbine is affected by air extraction through a single port on the shell around the dump diffuser. A sub-scale, 360° model of the diffuser-combustor section of an advanced developmental industrial gas turbine was used in this study. The experiments were performed under cold flow conditions which can be scaled to actual machine operation. Three different conditions were experimentally studied: 0%, 5%, and 20% air extraction. It was found that air extraction, especially extraction at the 20% rate, introduced flow asymmetry inside the dump diffuser and, in some locations, increased the local flow recirculations. This indicated that when air was extracted through a single port on the shell, the performance of the dump diffuser was adversely affected with an approximate 7.6% increase of the total pressure loss, and the air flow into the combustors did not remain uniform. The global flow distribution was shown to be approximately 35% nonuniform diametrically across the dump diffuser. Although a specific geometry was selected, the results provide sufficient generality for improving understanding of the complex flow behavior in the reverse flow diffuser-combustor sections of gas turbines under the influence of various air extractions.

scholarly journals Cold Flow Computations for the Diffuser-Combustor Section of an Industrial Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadong Zhou ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
William R. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Structured Grid ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

In the first part of a multipart project to analyze and optimize the complex three-dimensional diffuser-combustor section of a highly advanced industrial gas turbine under development, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysts has been conducted. The commercial FEA code I-DEAS was used to complete the three-dimensional solid modeling and the structured grid generation. The flow calculation was conducted using the commercial CFD code PHOENICS. The multiblock method was employed to enhance computational capabilities. The mechanisms of the total pressure losses and possible ways to enhance efficiency by reducing the total pressure losses were examined. Mechanisms that contribute to the nonuniform velocity distribution of flow entering the combustor were also identified. The CFD results were informative and provided insight to the complex flow patterns in the reverse flow dump diffuser, however, the results are qualitative and are useful primarily as guidelines for optimization as opposed to firm design configuration selections.

scholarly journals COLD FLOW NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF GAS MICROTURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER THROUGH CFD TOOL

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
G. K. Caetano ◽  
J. F. T. de Carvalho ◽  
J. S. Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Ideal Point ◽  
Random Motion ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cold Flow

Gas turbines are equipment used mainly in the generation of electric energy. They have as one of their main components the combustion chamber. Therefore, it is relevant to study the characteristics of this component, in order to reach a satisfactory operation. In this context, this paper presents an analysis of a combustion chamber applied to a gas turbine with a cold flow approach using the numerical theoretical method, through the computational fluid dynamics technique. In this experiment, the software Abaqus CFD (computational fluid dynamics) – present in the 3DExperience platform – and the finite volume method are used. The objective was to evaluate the flow, pressure and velocity profiles during the single-phase flow. The gas turbine prototype is configured using a combustion chamber of reverse flow type in order to decrease flow velocity and increase the combustion efficiency. Based on input data obtained from practical experiments, the calculation of the number and Reynolds confirmed – according to the literature of fluid mechanics – the occurrence of a flow classified as turbulent, with chaotic and random motion, what allows defining the ideal point of injection from analysis of velocity plots with stream lines. In addition, a Mach number smaller than 0.3 confirms the theory of having an incompressible flow, in which compressibility effects can be disregarded. The analysis of mass flow rates of the combustion zones made it possible to evaluate maximum differences of 3% between the design data and the one found in the study. To determine the inherent error of the mesh in the CFD study was calculated through the grid conference method, the value found was around 2.68%.

Fits and Starts: A Current Look at Marine and Industrial Gas Turbine Electric Start Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn McAndrews
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Past History ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
New Production ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Electric starter development programs have been the subject of ASME technical papers for over two decades. Offering significant advantages over hydraulic or pneumatic starters, electric starters are now poised to be the preferred choice amongst gas turbine customers. That they are not now the dominant starter in the field after decades of investment and experimentation is attributable to many factors. As with any new technology, progress is often unsteady, depending on budgets, market conditions, customer buy-in, etc. Additionally, technological advances in the parent technologies, in this case electric motors, can abruptly and rapidly change, further disturbing the best laid introduction plans. It is therefore not too surprising that only recently, is the industry beginning to see the deployment of electric starters on production gas turbines. The earliest adoption occurred on smaller gas turbine units, generally less than 10 MW in power. More recently, gas turbines greater than 10 MWs are being sold with electric starters. The authors expect that regardless of their size or fuel supply, most all future gas turbine users will opt for electric starters. This may even include the “larger” frame machines with power greater than 100 MW. Starting with some past history, this paper will not only summarize past development efforts, it will attempt to examine the current deployment of electric starters throughout the marine and industrial gas turbine landscapes. The large-scale acceptance of electric start systems for both new production and retrofit will depend on the favorable cost/benefit assessment when weighing both first cost and life cycle cost. The current and intense activity in electric vehicle applications is giving rise to even more power dense motors. The paper will look at some of these exciting applications, the installed products, and the technologies behind the products. To what extent these new products may serve the needs of the gas turbine community will be the central question this paper attempts to answer.

scholarly journals Industrial Gas Turbine Uprates: Tips, Tricks and Traps

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Ragland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

After industrial gas turbines have been in production for some amount of time, there is often an opportunity to improve or “uprate” the engine’s output power or cycle efficiency or both. In most cases, the manufacturer would like to provide these uprates without compromising the proven reliability and durability of the product. Further, the manufacturer would like the development of this “Uprate” to be low cost, low risk and result in an improvement in “customer value” over that of the original design. This paper describes several options available for enhancing the performance of an existing industrial gas turbine engine and discusses the implications for each option. Advantages and disadvantages of each option are given along with considerations that should be taken into account in selecting one option over another. Specific options discussed include dimensional scaling, improving component efficiencies, increasing massflow, compressor zero staging, increasing firing temperature (thermal uprate), adding a recuperator, increasing cycle pressure ratio, and converting to a single shaft design. The implications on output power, cycle efficiency, off-design performance engine life or time between overhaul (TBO), engine cost, development time and cost, auxiliary requirements and product support issues are discussed. Several examples are provided where these options have been successfully implemented in industrial gas turbine engines.

scholarly journals A Test Rig for the Realization of Water Recovery in a Steam-Injected Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyou Wen ◽  
Jiguo Zou ◽  
Zheng Fu ◽  
Shikang Yu ◽  
Lingbo Li
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Design Point ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Demineralized Water ◽  
Spiral Plate ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Steam-injected gas turbines have a multitude of advantages, but they suffer from the inability to recover precious demineralized water. The present paper describes the test conditions and results of steam injection along with an attempt to achieve water recovery, which were obtained through a series of tests conducted on a S1A-02 small-sized industrial gas turbine. A water recovery device incorporating a compact finned spiral plate cooling condenser equipped with filter screens has been designed for the said gas turbine and a 100% water recovery (based on the design point) was attained.

Gas Turbine Efficiency (GTE) Benefits of GTE Water Wash Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wagner ◽  
Robert J. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The desire to maintain power plant profitability, combined with current market fuel gas pricing is forcing power generation companies to constantly look for ways to keep their industrial gas turbine units operating at the highest possible efficiency. Gas Turbines Operation requires the compression of very large quantities of air that is mixed with fuel, ignited and directed into a turbine to produce torque for purposes ranging from power generation to mechanical drive of pumping systems to thrust for air craft propulsion. The compression of the air for this process typically uses 60% of the required base energy. Therefore management of the compression process efficiency is very important to maintain overall cycle efficiency. Since fouling of turbine compressors is almost unavoidable, even with modern air filter treatment, and over time results in lower efficiency and output, compressor cleaning is required to maintain gas turbine efficiency.

Evaluation Program for New Industrial Gas Turbine Materials

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-710
Author(s):  
Ch. Just ◽  
C. J. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Evaluation Program ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
New Material ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Phase Evaluation

The need for a thorough and systematic standard evaluation program for new materials for modern industrial gas turbines is shown by several examples and facts. A complete list of the data required by the designer of an industrial gas turbine is given, together with comments to some of the more important properties. A six-phase evaluation program is described which minimizes evaluation time, cost, and the risk of introducing a new material.

scholarly journals The Effects of Chemistry Variations in New Nickel-Based Superalloys for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 4902-4921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabin Sulzer ◽  
Magnus Hasselqvist ◽  
Hideyuki Murakami ◽  
Paul Bagot ◽  
Michael Moody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Multi Scale Modeling ◽  
Superior Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Abstract Industrial gas turbines (IGT) require novel single-crystal superalloys with demonstrably superior corrosion resistance to those used for aerospace applications and thus higher Cr contents. Multi-scale modeling approaches are aiding in the design of new alloy grades; however, the CALPHAD databases on which these rely remain unproven in this composition regime. A set of trial nickel-based superalloys for IGT blades is investigated, with carefully designed chemistries which isolate the influence of individual additions. Results from an extensive experimental characterization campaign are compared with CALPHAD predictions. Insights gained from this study are used to derive guidelines for optimized gas turbine alloy design and to gauge the reliability of the CALPHAD databases.

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