Development of a Low NOx Combustor for 300kW-Class Ceramic Gas Turbine (CGT302)

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okuto ◽  
T. Kimura ◽  
I. Takehara ◽  
T. Nakashima ◽  
Y. Ichikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Nox Emissions

Research and development project of ceramic gas turbines (CGT) was started in 1988 promoted by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in Japan. The target of the CGT project is development of a 300kW-class ceramic gas turbine with a 42 % thermal efficiency and a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of 1350°C. Three types of CGT engines are developed in this project. One of the CGT engines, which is called CGT302, is a recuperated two-shaft gas turbine for co-generation use. In this paper, we describe the research and development of a combustor for the CGT302. The project requires a combustor to exhaust lower pollutant emissions than the Japanese regulation level. In order to reduce NOx emissions and achieve high combustion efficiency, lean premixed combustion technology is adopted. Combustion rig tests were carried out using this combustor. In these tests we measured the combustor performance such as pollutant emissions, combustion efficiency, combustor inlet/outlet temperature, combustor inlet pressure and pressure loss through combustor. Of course air flow rate and fuel flow rate are controlled and measured, respectively. The targets for the combustor such as NOx emissions and combustion efficiency were accomplished with sufficient margin in these combustion rig tests. In addition, we report the results of the tests which were carried out to examine effects of inlet air pressure on NOx emissions here.

scholarly journals Combustion of LCV Coal Derived Fuel Gas for High Temperature, Low Emissions Gas Turbines in the British Coal Topping Cycle

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Kelsall ◽  
M. A. Smith ◽  
H. Todd ◽  
M. J. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustion ◽  
Topping Cycle

Advanced coal based power generation systems such as the British Coal Topping Cycle offer the potential for high efficiency electricity generation with minimum environmental impact. An important component of the Topping Cycle programme is the development of a gas turbine combustion system to burn low calorific value (3.5–4.0 MJ/m3 wet gross) coal derived fuel gas, at a turbine inlet temperature of 1260°C, with minimum pollutant emissions. The paper gives an overview of the British Coal approach to the provision of a gas turbine combustion system for the British Coal Topping Cycle, which includes both experimental and modelling aspects. The first phase of this programme is described, including the design and operation of a low-NOx turbine combustor, operating at an outlet temperature of 1360°C and burning a synthetic low calorific value (LCV) fuel gas, containing 0 to 1000 ppmv of ammonia. Test results up to a pressure of 8 bar are presented and the requirements for further combustor development outlined.

Research and Development of 300kW Class Ceramic Gas Turbine Project in Japan

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Arakawa ◽  
Takayuki Suzuki ◽  
Kazufumi Saito ◽  
Shigeru Tamura ◽  
Shinsuke Kishi
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Target Values

The ceramic gas turbine (CGT) engine can achieve higher thermal efficiency, lower pollutant emissions, and has a wider fuel tolerance compared to conventional gasoline and diesel engines. Accordingly, research and development of a 300kW class ceramic gas turbine has been performed in Japan as a national project since FY 1988, under the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), which is an agency of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). The final target of the project is to achieve 42% thermal efficiency at a Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) of 1350°C. At present, two different types of ceramic gas turbines (CGT 301 and CGT 302) are under development and operating tests of prototype engines are being carried out. The CGT 301 features removable ceramic blades joined to a metal rotor disk. This 37 blade hybrid rotor of the high pressure stage was hot spin tested at a TIT of 1350°C and the burst of the blades did not occur at the rated speed. A thermal efficiency of 26.4% was achieved at a TIT 1200°C during the first year of prototype operation. Improvement in component parts is ongoing and as a result, improvements in thermal efficiency are forthcoming. The CGT 302 features a lean premixed low-NOx combustor having a primary diffusion burner, a set of main pre-mixed burners, single fuel injector, and air bypass to control combustion. This combustor showed a lower pressure loss and NOx emissions of 5ppm (O2 = 16%), which is less than the allowable value of 70ppm. Recent operating tests of this engine showed a maximum output power and thermal efficiency of 228kW and 36%, respectively, as of November 1996. For both the CGT 301 and CGT 302, more focused research on CGT materials and components, as well as operating tests at 1350°C TIT, are being carried out in order to reach the final target values.

Advanced Ceramic Technology Developed for Industrial 300kW CGT (Ceramic Gas Turbine) Research and Development Project in Japan

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Shimada ◽  
Hiroyasu Ushijima ◽  
Akira Yabe ◽  
Hisao Ogiyama ◽  
Yasukata Tsutsui
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
All Ceramic ◽  
Evaluation Test ◽  
Ceramic Components

The characteristics and the points of innovation for the ceramic technology established in the Japanese national energy conservation project supported by Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) MITI, entitled “The 300kW Industrial Ceramic Gas Turbine Research and Development Project” have been cleared and reviewed. Especially, from the viewpoint of the role and the characteristics of the ceramic components, the progress of the three types of the ceramic gas turbines, which are: (a) “Regenerative Single–shaft Ceramic Gas Turbine for Cogeneration” (CGT–301); (b) “Regenerative Two–shaft Ceramic Gas Turbine for Cogeneration” (CGT–302) and (c) “Regenerative Two–shaft Ceramic Gas Turbine for Mobile Power Generation” (CGT–303), has been explained in parallel. All ceramic components have already been manufactured for the turbine inlet temperature of 1200 deg C and tested as the components, which will be assembled and evaluated as the interim evaluation test in 1993. Especially, the characteristics of the ceramic components have been reviewed in several points such as the fabrication process for clearing the contrast among three types of ceramic gas turbine.

scholarly journals Reduced NOx Emissions Using Low Radial Swirler Vane Angles

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Alkabie ◽  
G. E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Curved Blade ◽  
Swirl Vane ◽  
Vane Angle

The influence of vane angle and hence swirl number of a radial swirler on the weak extinction, combustion inefficiency and NOx emissions was investigated at lean gas turbine combustor primary zone conditions. A 140mm diameter atmospheric pressure low NOx combustor primary zone was developed with a Mach number simulation of 30% and 43% of the combustor air flow into the primary zone through a curved blade radial swirler. The range of radial swirler vane angles was 0–60 degrees and central radially outward fuel injection was used throughout with a 600K inlet temperature. For zero vane angle radially inward jets were formed that impinged and generated a strong outer recirculation. This was found to have much lower NOx characteristics compared with a 45 degree swirler at the same pressure loss. However, the lean stability and combustion efficiency in the near weak extinction region was not as good. With swirl the central recirculation zone enhanced the combustion efficiency. For all the swirl vane angles there was little difference in combustion inefficiency between the swirlers. However, the NOx emissions were reduced at the lowest swirl angles and vane angles in the range 20–30 degrees were considered to be the optimum for central injection. NOx emissions for central injection as low as 5ppm at 15% oxygen and 1 bar were demonstrated for zero swirl and 20 degree swirler vane angle. This would scale to well under 25 ppm at pressure for all current industrial gas turbines.

Micro Gas Turbine With Ceramic Nozzle and Rotor

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Matsunuma ◽  
Hiro Yoshida ◽  
Norihiko Iki ◽  
Takumi Ebara ◽  
Satoshi Sodeoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Present System ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Buffer Material ◽  
Inconel 713C

A series of operation tests of a ceramic micro gas turbine has been successfully carried out. The baseline machine is a small single-shaft turbojet engine (J-850, Sophia Precision Corp.) with a centrifugal compressor, an annular type combustor, and a radial turbine. As a first step, an Inconel 713C alloy turbine rotor of 55 mm in diameter was replaced with a ceramic rotor (SN-235, Kyocera Corporation). A running test was conducted at rotational speeds of up to 140,000 rpm in atmospheric air. At this rotor speed, the compression pressure ratio and the thrust were 3 and 100 N, respectively. The total energy level (enthalpy and kinetic energy) of the exhaust gas jet was 240 kW. If, for example, it is assumed that 10% of the total power of the exhaust jet gas was converted into electricity, the present system would correspond to a generator with 24 kW output power. The measured turbine outlet temperature was 950°C (1,740°F) and the turbine inlet temperature was estimated to be 1,280°C (2,340°F). Although the ceramic rotor showed no evidence of degradation, the Inconel nozzle immediately in front of the turbine rotor partially melted in this rotor condition. As a second step, the Inconel turbine nozzle and casing were replaced with ceramic parts (SN-01, Ohtsuka Ceramics Inc.). The ceramic nozzle and case were supported by metal parts. Through tests with the ceramic nozzle, it became evident that one of the key technologies for the development of ceramic gas turbines is the design of the interface between the ceramic components and the metallic components, because the difference between the coefficients of linear thermal expansion of the ceramic and metal produces large thermal stress at their interface in the high-temperature condition. A buffer material made of alumina fiber was therefore introduced at the interface between the ceramic and metal.

Research and Development of Practical Industrial Cogeneration Technology in Japan

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Abe ◽  
Takashi Sugiura ◽  
Shuji Okunaga ◽  
Katsuhiro Nojima ◽  
Yasukata Tsutsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Resistance To Heat

This paper presents an overview of a development project involving industrial cogeneration technology using 8,000-kW class hybrid gas turbines in which both metal and ceramics are used in parts subject to high temperatures in order to achieve high efficiency and low pollution. The development of hybrid gas turbines focuses mainly on the earlier commercialization of the turbine system. Stationary parts such as combustor liners, transition ducts, and first-stage turbine nozzles (stationary blades) are expected to be fabricated from ceramics. The project aims at developing material for these ceramic parts that will have a superior resistance to heat and oxidation. The project also aims at designing and prototyping a hybrid gas turbine system to analyze the operation in order to improve the performance. Furthermore, the prototyped hybrid gas turbine system will be tested for long-term operation (4,000 hours) to verify that the system can withstand commercialization. Studies will be conducted to ensure that the system’s soundness and reliability are sufficient for industrial cogeneration applications.

scholarly journals Development of a Catalytic Combustor for a Heavy-Duty Utility Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Dalla Betta ◽  
James C. Schlatter ◽  
Sarento G. Nickolas ◽  
Martin B. Cutrone ◽  
Kenneth W. Beebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Catalytic Combustion ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Catalytic Reactor ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Catalytic Combustor

The most effective technologies currently available for controlling NOx emissions from heavy-duty industrial gas turbines are either diluent injection in the combustor reaction zone, or lean premixed Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion. For ultra low emissions requirements, these must be combined with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) DeNOx systems in the gas turbine exhaust. An alternative technology for achieving comparable emissions levels with the potential for lower capital investment and operating cost is catalytic combustion of lean premixed fuel and air within the gas turbine. The design of a catalytic combustion system using natural gas fuel has been prepared for the GE model MS9OOIE gas turbine. This machine has a turbine inlet temperature to the first rotating stage of over 1100°C and produces approximately 105 MW electrical output in simple cycle operation. The 508 mm diameter catalytic combustor designed for this gas turbine was operated at full-scale conditions in tests conducted in 1992 and 1994. The combustor was operated for twelve hours during the 1994 test and demonstrated very low NOx emissions from the catalytic reactor. The total exhaust NOx level was approximately 12–15 ppmv and was produced almost entirely in the preburner ahead of the reactor. A small quantity of steam injected into the preburner reduced the NOx emissions to 5–6 ppmv. Development of the combustion system has continued with the objectives of reducing CO and UHC emissions, understanding the parameters affecting reactor stability and spatial non-uniformities which were observed at low inlet temperature, and improving the structural integrity of the reactor system to a level required for commercial operation of gas turbines. Design modifications were completed and combustion hardware was fabricated for additional full-scale tests of the catalytic combustion system in March 1995 and January 1996. This paper presents a discussion of the combustor design, the catalytic reactor design and the results of full-scale testing of the improved combustor at MS9OOIE cycle conditions in the March 1995 and January 1996 tests. Major improvements in performance were achieved with CO and UHC emissions of 10 ppmv and 0 ppmv at base load conditions. This ongoing program will lead to two additional full-scale combustion system tests in 1996. The results of these tests will be available for discussion at the June 1996 Conference in Birmingham.

Development of a Small-Scale Catalytic Gas Turbine Combustor

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Anderson ◽  
M. A. Friedman ◽  
W. V. Krill ◽  
J. P. Kesselring
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Opposed Jet

Catalytically supported thermal combustion can provide low NOx emissions with gaseous and distillate fuels while maintaining high combustion efficiency. For stationary gas turbines, catalytic combustion may be the only emerging technology that can cost effectively meet recent federal regulations for NOx emissions. Under EPA sponsorship, a small-scale, catalytic gas turbine combustor was developed to evaluate transient and steady state combustor performance. The combustor consisted of a multiple air-atomizing fuel injector, an opposed jet igniter, and a graded-cell monolithic reactor. System startup, including opposed jet ignition and catalyst stabilization, was achieved in 250 seconds. This time interval is comparable to conventional gas turbines. Steady state operation was performed at 0.505 MPa (5 atmospheres) pressure and 15.3 m/s (50 ft/s) reference velocities. Thermal NOx emissions were measured below 10 ppmv, while fuel NOx conversion ranged from 75 to 95 percent. At catalyst bed temperatures greater than 1422K (2100°F), total CO and UHC emissions were less than 50 ppmv indicating combustion efficiency greater than 99.9 percent. Compared with conventional gas turbine combustors, the catalytic reactor operates only within a relatively narrow range of fuel/air ratios. As a result, modified combustor air distribution or fuel staging will be required to achieve the wide turndown required in large stationary systems.

Development of the Hybrid Gas Turbine: 1st Year Summary — Research and Development on Practical Industrial Cogeneration Technology in Japan

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryozo Tanaka ◽  
Testuo Tastumi ◽  
Yoshihiro Ichikawa ◽  
Koji Sanbonsugi
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Generation Technology

Based on the successful results of the Japanese national project for 300 kW ceramic gas turbine(CGT302) development (this project was finished in March 1999), the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) started “Research and Development on Practical Industrial Co-generation Technology” project in August 1999. The objective of this project is to encourage prompt industrial applications of co-generation technology that employs hybrid gas turbines (HGT; using both metal and ceramic parts in its high-temperature section) by confirming its soundness and reliability. The development activities are performed through material evaluation tests and long-term operation tests for the HGT of the medium size (8,000-kW class). It is expected that the development can realize low pollution and reducing the emission of CO2 with highly efficient use of energy. The HGT will be developed by applying ceramic components to an existing commercial 7,000-kW class gas turbine. The development targets are thermal efficiency of 34% or higher, output of 8,000-kW class, inlet temperature of 1250deg-C, and 4,000hrs of operation period for confirmation of reliability. The HGT for long-term evaluation tests and the test plant are under development. This paper gives the summary of last year’s developments in the HGT project.

Summary of CGT302 Ceramic Gas Turbine Research and Development Program

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isashi Takehara ◽  
Tetsuo Tatsumi ◽  
Yoshihiro Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Ceramic Components

The Japanese Ceramic Gas Turbine (CGT) research and development program (FY1988–1998) as a part of the New Sunshine Project funded by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) was completed in March 1999. Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (KM) participated in this research program from the beginning and developed a twin-shaft CGT with a recuperator, designated as the “CGT302”. The purposes of this program were: 1) to achieve both a high efficiency and low pollutant emissions level using ceramic components, 2) to prove a multi-fuel capability to be used in co-generation systems, and 3) to demonstrate long-term operation. The targets of this program were: i) to achieve a thermal efficiency of over 42% at a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of 1350°C, ii) to keep its emissions within the regulated value by the law, and iii) to demonstrate continuous operation for more than a thousand hours at 1200°C TIT. The CGT302 has successfully attained its targets. In March 1999 the CGT302 recorded 42.1% thermal efficiency, and 31.7 ppm NOx emissions (O2 = 16%) at 1350°C TIT. At this time it had also accumulated over two thousand hours operation at 1200°C. In this paper, we summarize the development of the CGT302.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document