Advanced Ceramic Technology Developed for Industrial 300kW CGT (Ceramic Gas Turbine) Research and Development Project in Japan

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Shimada ◽  
Hiroyasu Ushijima ◽  
Akira Yabe ◽  
Hisao Ogiyama ◽  
Yasukata Tsutsui
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
All Ceramic ◽  
Evaluation Test ◽  
Ceramic Components

The characteristics and the points of innovation for the ceramic technology established in the Japanese national energy conservation project supported by Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) MITI, entitled “The 300kW Industrial Ceramic Gas Turbine Research and Development Project” have been cleared and reviewed. Especially, from the viewpoint of the role and the characteristics of the ceramic components, the progress of the three types of the ceramic gas turbines, which are: (a) “Regenerative Single–shaft Ceramic Gas Turbine for Cogeneration” (CGT–301); (b) “Regenerative Two–shaft Ceramic Gas Turbine for Cogeneration” (CGT–302) and (c) “Regenerative Two–shaft Ceramic Gas Turbine for Mobile Power Generation” (CGT–303), has been explained in parallel. All ceramic components have already been manufactured for the turbine inlet temperature of 1200 deg C and tested as the components, which will be assembled and evaluated as the interim evaluation test in 1993. Especially, the characteristics of the ceramic components have been reviewed in several points such as the fabrication process for clearing the contrast among three types of ceramic gas turbine.

Status of the Development of the CGT301, a 300 KW Class Ceramic Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Mikami ◽  
Shinya Tanaka ◽  
Masashi Tatsuzawa ◽  
Takeshi Sakida
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
All Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Primary Type

The CGT301 ceramic gas turbine is being developed under a contract from NEDO as a part of the New Sunshine Program of MTTI to improve the performance of gas turbines for cogeneration through the replacement of hot section components with ceramic parts. The project is conducted in three phases. The project currently in Phase 2 focuses on the development of the “primary type” ceramic gas turbine (turbine inlet temperature: 1,200°C). CGT301 is a recuperated, single-shaft, ceramic gas turbine. The turbine is a two-stage axial flow type. The major effort has been on the development of the turbine which consists of metallic disks and inserted ceramic blades (“hybrid rotor”). Prior to engine tests, component tests were performed on the hybrid rotor to prove the validity of the design concepts and their mechanical integrity. The engine equipped with all ceramic components except the second stage turbine blades was tested and evaluated. The engine was operated successfully for a total of 23 hours without failure at the rated engine speed of 56,000 rpm with the turbine inlet temperature of 1,200 °C. Further, the engine equipped with all ceramic components was successfully tested for one hour under the same conditions. Engine testing of the “primary type” ceramic gas turbine is continuing to improve the performance and the reliability of the system for the purpose of moving forward to the development of the “pilot” ceramic gas turbine (turbine inlet temperature: 1,350 °C) as the final target of this project. This paper summarizes the progress in the development of the CGT301 with the emphasis on the test results of the hybrid rotor.

scholarly journals Development of 300 kW Class Ceramic Gas Turbine (CGT302)

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aklo Watanabe ◽  
Tetsuo Tatsumi ◽  
Kazuhiko Tanimura ◽  
Isashi Takehara ◽  
Tatsuo Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
All Ceramic ◽  
Hybrid Concept ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Energy Saving Technology

The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) is promoting the Ceramic Gas Turbine (CGT) project for energy saving technology development under the ‘New Sunshine project’. The objective of this project is to develop a 300 kW ceramic gas turbine with 42% thermal efficiency at 1350°C turbine inlet temperature. Three types of CGT are under development for individual purposes and concepts. CGT302 is the recuperated two-shaft ceramic gas turbine for cogeneration use. Ceramic materials have many advantages in the application of high temperature gas turbines, but there are still several problems of practical use. Therefore, we introduce the unique technology of monolithic - FRC hybrid concept to fabricate large ceramic components, stress free supporting structure, joining technology, etc. The all ceramic components of the 1200°C CGT were successfully fabricated and engine tests are in progress. This paper will describe the technologies of the CGT302 development and results of engine tests.

Development of a Low NOx Combustor for 300kW-Class Ceramic Gas Turbine (CGT302)

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okuto ◽  
T. Kimura ◽  
I. Takehara ◽  
T. Nakashima ◽  
Y. Ichikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Nox Emissions

Research and development project of ceramic gas turbines (CGT) was started in 1988 promoted by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in Japan. The target of the CGT project is development of a 300kW-class ceramic gas turbine with a 42 % thermal efficiency and a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of 1350°C. Three types of CGT engines are developed in this project. One of the CGT engines, which is called CGT302, is a recuperated two-shaft gas turbine for co-generation use. In this paper, we describe the research and development of a combustor for the CGT302. The project requires a combustor to exhaust lower pollutant emissions than the Japanese regulation level. In order to reduce NOx emissions and achieve high combustion efficiency, lean premixed combustion technology is adopted. Combustion rig tests were carried out using this combustor. In these tests we measured the combustor performance such as pollutant emissions, combustion efficiency, combustor inlet/outlet temperature, combustor inlet pressure and pressure loss through combustor. Of course air flow rate and fuel flow rate are controlled and measured, respectively. The targets for the combustor such as NOx emissions and combustion efficiency were accomplished with sufficient margin in these combustion rig tests. In addition, we report the results of the tests which were carried out to examine effects of inlet air pressure on NOx emissions here.

Research and Development of 300kW Class Ceramic Gas Turbine (Development of the Static Ceramic Components for CGT303)

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuharu Murota ◽  
Issei Ohhashi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ito ◽  
Sadao Arakawa
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Heat Cycle ◽  
Ceramic Components

As the result of setting the low pressure ratio at 4.5, sizes of the static ceramic components forming the gas passage in CGT303 have been increased, and establishing reliability of these components was thought to be the most important task. So, the heat-cycle tests were conducted, in advance of the engine operation, and improvements have been made on their material and constructions. After conducting 600 times of the heat-cycle tests, so far, up to the gas temperature of 1200°C, we have succeeded in the engine operation at the turbine inlet temperature of 1200°C Examples of the problems encountered in the test and of the solutions therefore are introduced in this paper.

Development Summary of the 300 kW Ceramic Gas Turbine CGT302

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Tatsumi ◽  
Isashi Takehara ◽  
Yoshihiro Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Ceramic Components

Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry has been promoting a 300 kW Ceramic Gas Turbine (CGT) research and development program for 10 years. It was begun in 1988 as a part of the “New Sunshine Project”. The development target is to achieve thermal efficiency of over 42% at a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of 1350°C. We have been taking a part in this project and developing a regenerative two-shaft CGT302. This project will be finished at the end of FY1998. In 1998, we confirmed 31.7 ppm NOx emission at 1350°C by engine test. This result cleared the target emission level of 70 ppm. We also achieved 40.5% of thermal efficiency at 1412°C TIT and we are working to achieve the final target and cumulating operating hours to confirm reliability of ceramic components at 1200°C TIT which is considered to be reasonable temperature for commercial use. This paper describes about ten years development summary of the CGT302.

Development and Fabrication of Silicon Nitride Components for Ceramic Gas Turbine

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Makino ◽  
Ken-Ichi Mizuno ◽  
Toru Shimamori
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Power Turbine

NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. has been developing various silicon nitride materials, and the technology for fabricating components for ceramic gas turbines (CGT) using theses materials. We are supplying silicon nitride material components for the project to develop 300 kW class CGT for co-generation in Japan. EC-152 was developed for components that require high strength at high temperature, such as turbine blades and turbine nozzles. In order to adapt the increasing of the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) up to 1,350 °C in accordance with the project goals, we developed two silicon nitride materials with further unproved properties: ST-1 and ST-2. ST-1 has a higher strength than EC-152 and is suitable for first stage turbine blades and power turbine blades. ST-2 has higher oxidation resistance than EC-152 and is suitable for power turbine nozzles. In this paper, we report on the properties of these materials, and present the results of evaluations of these materials when they are actually used for CGT components such as first stage turbine blades and power turbine nozzles.

scholarly journals Development of 300 kW Class Ceramic Gas Turbine (CGT302)

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozi Nishio ◽  
Junzo Fujioka ◽  
Tetsuo Tatsumi ◽  
Isashi Takehara
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Iso Standard ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ceramic Components

With the aim of achieving higher efficiency, lower pollutant emissions, and multi-fuel capability for small to medium-sized gas turbine engines for use in co-generation systems, a ceramic gas turbine (CGT) research and development program is being promoted by the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) as a part of its “New Sunshine Project”. Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI) is participating in this program and developing a regenerative two-shaft CGT (CGT302). In 1993, KHI conducted the first test run of an engine with full ceramic components. At present, the CGT302 achieves 28.8% thermal efficiency at a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of 1117°C under ISO standard conditions and an actual TIT of 1250°C has been confirmed at the rated speed of the basic CGT. This paper consists of the current state of development of the CGT302 and how ceramic components are applied.

Expanding Fuel Flexibility in MHPS’ Dry Low NOx Combustor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyoshi Tada ◽  
Kei Inoue ◽  
Tomo Kawakami ◽  
Keijiro Saitoh ◽  
Satoshi Tanimura
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Fuel Flexibility

Gas-turbine combined-cycle (GTCC) power generation is clean and efficient, and its demand will increase in the future from economic and social perspectives. Raising turbine inlet temperature is an effective way to increase combined cycle efficiency and contributes to global environmental conservation by reducing CO2 emissions and preventing global warming. However, increasing turbine inlet temperature can lead to the increase of NOx emissions, depletion of the ozone layer and generation of photochemical smog. To deal with this issue, MHPS (MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS) and MHI (MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES) have developed Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion techniques for high temperature gas turbines. In addition, fuel flexibility is one of the most important features for DLN combustors to meet the requirement of the gas turbine market. MHPS and MHI have demonstrated DLN combustor fuel flexibility with natural gas (NG) fuels that have a large Wobbe Index variation, a Hydrogen-NG mixture, and crude oils.

Research and Development of Practical Industrial Cogeneration Technology in Japan

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Abe ◽  
Takashi Sugiura ◽  
Shuji Okunaga ◽  
Katsuhiro Nojima ◽  
Yasukata Tsutsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Resistance To Heat

This paper presents an overview of a development project involving industrial cogeneration technology using 8,000-kW class hybrid gas turbines in which both metal and ceramics are used in parts subject to high temperatures in order to achieve high efficiency and low pollution. The development of hybrid gas turbines focuses mainly on the earlier commercialization of the turbine system. Stationary parts such as combustor liners, transition ducts, and first-stage turbine nozzles (stationary blades) are expected to be fabricated from ceramics. The project aims at developing material for these ceramic parts that will have a superior resistance to heat and oxidation. The project also aims at designing and prototyping a hybrid gas turbine system to analyze the operation in order to improve the performance. Furthermore, the prototyped hybrid gas turbine system will be tested for long-term operation (4,000 hours) to verify that the system can withstand commercialization. Studies will be conducted to ensure that the system’s soundness and reliability are sufficient for industrial cogeneration applications.

Recent Advances of Internal Cooling Techniques for Gas Turbine Airfoils

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minking K. Chyu ◽  
Sin Chien Siw
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Turbine Inlet

The performance goal of modern gas turbine engines, both land-base and air-breathing engines, can be achieved by increasing the turbine inlet temperature (TIT). The level of TIT in the near future can reach as high as 1700 °C for utility turbines and over 1900 °C for advanced military engines. Advanced and innovative cooling techniques become one of the crucial major elements supporting the development of modern gas turbines, both land-based and air-breathing engines with continual increment of turbine inlet temperature (TIT) in order to meet higher energy demand and efficiency. This paper discusses state-of-the-art airfoil cooling techniques that are mainly applicable in the mainbody and trailing edge section of turbine airfoil. Potential internal cooling designs for near-term applications based on current manufacturing capabilities are identified. A literature survey focusing primarily on the past four to five years has also been performed.

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