Design and Development of a Small Multistage Flash Desalination System Using Aspen HYSYS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Islam ◽  
F. Banat ◽  
A. Baba ◽  
S. Abuyahya
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Process Reliability ◽  
Desalination Technology

Abstract Fresh water demands are increasing day by day because of growing population, industrialization, and increased living standards. Desalination technology has become a significant solution of fresh drinking water for many parts of the world. Lack of fresh water resources in dry environments has encouraged the establishment of desalination processes and developed technology to compensate for water scarcity. The MSF (multistage flash) desalination technique has received wide spread acceptance due to low temperature heat source (waste heat/inexpensive energy), simple construction high process reliability and simple maintenance. MSF typically has the highest water production cost among available desalination technologies, which can be reduced with using solar energy/co-generation. Since Abu Dhabi is in the solar belt region and is blessed with huge solar energy, MSF desalination can be powered by solar power in addition to industrial waste/fossil fuel energy, which will significantly reduce the cost as well as carbon, footprint. In this research, multistage flash desalination is modelled using ASPEN HYSYS package V8. We have designed each components of the system, mostly heating source, vacuum/flash chambers, heat exchangers and developed the whole system. Some parametric study, i.e. feed rate, top brine temperature, heat input, pressure, productivity etc. of multistage flash desalination system has been conducted in this research. Two case studies have been conducted and found a relation between feed flow rate and water production rate as well as chamber pressure with vapor formation. This design will help to build the pilot plant, do experimental test and validate the model.

Diffusion Driven Desalination for Simultaneous Fresh Water Production and Desulfurization

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jameel R. Khan ◽  
James F. Klausner ◽  
Donald P. Ziegler ◽  
Srinivas S. Garimella
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Mass Transport Model ◽  
Air Streams

The diffusion driven desalination (DDD) process has been previously introduced as a process for distilling water using low-grade waste heat. Here, a configuration of the DDD process is introduced for simultaneously distilling water and scrubbing sulfur dioxide (SO2) out of heated air streams, which is also known as flue gas desulfurization (FGD). This novel DDD/FGD process utilizes the low-grade waste heat carried in industrial discharge air streams. There are many applications, where the industrial air discharge also contains SO2, and in order to utilize the waste heat for the DDD process, the SO2 must be scrubbed out of the air stream. The two major components of the DDD process are the diffusion tower and the direct contact condenser. In the present work, a thermal fluid transport model for the DDD/FGD process, that includes SO2 scrubbing, is developed. It is an extension of the heat and mass transport model previously reported for the DDD process. An existing laboratory scale DDD facility was modified and tested with SO2 in the air stream and with seawater as the feed water to the diffusion tower. The experimental investigation has been completed to evaluate the fresh water production and SO2 scrubbing potential for the DDD/FGD process. The experimental results compare favorably with the model predictions. Chemical analysis on the condenser water demonstrates the capability of the DDD/FGD process to produce high quality fresh water using seawater as the input feed water to the process.

Innovative Diffusion Driven Desalination Process

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Klausner ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Mohamed Darwish ◽  
Renwei Mei
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Vapor Mixture ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Feed Water Temperature

An innovative diffusion driven desalination (DDD) process is presented, and its performance based on thermodynamic considerations is thoroughly explored. The desalination is driven by water vapor saturating low humidity air flowing through a diffusion tower. Liquid water is condensed out of the air/vapor mixture in a direct contact condenser. The desalination process is suitable for operation at low temperatures and may be driven by waste heat with low exergy. It is demonstrated that the DDD process can yield a fresh water production efficiency of 4.5% with thermal energy consumption of 0.56 kWh per kilogram of fresh water production based on a feed water temperature of only 50°C. An example is discussed in which the DDD process utilizes waste heat from a 100 MW steam power plant to produce 1.51 million gallons of fresh water per day.

Sludge Drying by Virtue of the Solar Energy and Reclaimed Water Heat Pump with Double High-Temperature Heat Source

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 4621-4625
Author(s):  
Xu Xiao ◽  
Xiao Jun Xu ◽  
Tang Zhen Guan ◽  
Xin Zheng ◽  
Xiao Hong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
Temperature Heat

Sludge is the solid waste that generated during the sewage treatment process, because of high moisture content limits the final disposal and utilization. In this paper that solar and reclaimed water as heating heat source, It's not easy to design a new drying procedure that solar energy and reclaimed water heat pump with double high-temperature heat source, the system could make full use of respective advantages which of the solar energy, the hot of reclaimed water and heat pump. It would enhance the dehydration ratio, and high efficiency, lower energy consumption, sludge of moisture content (MC) decreased greatly; have created favorable conditions for the reuse. Technology what solar energy, air and reclaimed water heat pump with double high-temperature heat source were used to deal with sludge, the solar energy and air source heat pump were the main heating source. When the heat was insufficient, reclaimed water heat pump was turned on as energy supplementary. The dry air (70°C) was pumped into drying room continually; the moisture content (MC) of sewage was shrunk from 75% to 40% after drying.

scholarly journals Technology of receiving fresh water from forcedly saturated air through the use of solar energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 04008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Mironov ◽  
Yuriy Ivanyushin ◽  
Evgeniy Zhernakov ◽  
Dmitriy Mironov ◽  
Oleg Stepanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Exhaustible Resource ◽  
Quality Of Living ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Drinking Quality

At present, as a result of climate change and man-caused impact on the environment, fresh drinking quality water deficit is observed in many regions of the world. The sufficiency of fresh water provides high quality of living, the stabilization of the internal and foreign political situation, especially in developing countries. A lot of fresh drinking quality water production technologies are known today. Most of them consume a significant amount of energy and pose a considerable danger to the environment. As a source of energy, as a rule, hydrocarbon raw material is used, which is an exhaustible resource. The authors developed a technology for obtaining fresh water of drinking quality from atmospheric air using the solar energy. The article provides a substantiation of the way of fresh water production from air and also describes the energy balance in its implementation.

scholarly journals Effect of glass thickness on performance of double slope inward solar desalination still for fresh water production

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.K. Sivakumar ◽  
Y. Robinson ◽  
K. Saravanakumar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Glass Material ◽  
Glass Thickness ◽  
Solar Desalination

This paper deals with the effect of thickness of glass material which covered on double slope solar desalination still, performance of the solar still affected by thickness of the glass, which result in to major heat losses in the system. Two inward double slope desalination still with different glass thickness were designed, constructed and experimentally tested their performance. The glasses are inclined 200 from the center of the still. The solar energy collecting area of still is 1m2.The result shows that the variation in glass thickness will affect the efficiency of the still, desalination still with 4mm thickness gives 48% higher fresh water productivity compare to 6mm glass thickness.

scholarly journals Water from Air Production System based on Solar Energy in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Production System ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Remote Areas

Fresh water supplies are among the most limiting conditions in arid regions. Drinking water shortage is chronic, acute and widespread in North Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. The extraction of fresh water from the atmosphere has been adopted and developed as a new technology to provide water in remote areas. This paper concentrates on the extracting of potable water from air in remote areas using solar energy. A theoretical study for extracting water from atmospheric air is presented and performance of water production system based on standalone PV system was simulated and evaluated for two sites in Egypt; namely, Hurghada and Khargha Oasis. The unit extracts water by using solar thermal energy as the heating source for air and solar photovoltaic energy for supplying water production system driven fan. Perturb and observe (P&O) method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been designed and simulated for the proposed PV system. A Mathematical and simulation models using MATLAB/ SIMULINK software have been developed for evaluating the performance of the proposed system. The effect of climate conditions; ambient temperature and solar radiation on the PV system output power based on P&O controller was also demonstrated. It was found that more amount of water from atmosphere can be extracted from densely humid and highly solar radiation regions.

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