Emissions Control From IC Engines Using Advanced Combustion Chamber Design

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta ◽  
Eugene L. Keating ◽  
Andrew A. Pouring
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Geometry Design ◽  
Pollutants Emission

Abstract Numerical simulation of flow, combustion phenomena and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained on an homogeneous-charged internal combustion engine having conventional flat piston and five other bowl-in-piston geometries. The code employed here uses the time marching procedure and solves the governing partial differential equations of multi-component chemically reactive flow by finite difference method. The transient solution is marched out in a sequence of time steps. The results show that the piston geometry affects the local flame properties which subsequently influences the pollutants emission level. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for the development of advanced methods for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.

Piston Geometry Design Effects on Combustion and Emission Characteristics

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwani K. Gupta ◽  
Lu Jiang ◽  
Eugene L. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Geometry Design ◽  
Pollutants Emission

Abstract Numerical simulation of flow, combustion phenomena and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained on an internal combustion engine having conventional flat piston and advanced piston geometries. The code employed the time marching procedure that solves the governing partial differential equations of multi-component chemically reactive fluid flow by finite difference method. The transient solution is marched out in a sequence of time steps. The results show that both the piston geometry and inlet flow conditions affects the local flame properties which subsequently alters the pollutants emission levels. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution levels. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.

Effect of Engine Operating Parameters on Combustion and Emission Characteristics

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta ◽  
Eugene L. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Pollutants Emission

Abstract Numerical simulation of flow, combustion, heat release rate and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained using a single cylinder internal combustion engine operating with propane as the fuel. The data are compared with experimental results and show excellent agreement for peak pressure and the rate of pressure rise as a function of crank angle. The results obtained for NO and CO are also found to be in good agreement and are similar to those reported in the literature for the chosen combustion chamber geometry. The results have shown that both the combustion chamber geometry and engine operating parameters affects the flame growth within the combustion chamber which subsequently affects the pollutants emission levels. The code employed the time marching procedure and solves the governing partial differential equations of multi-component chemically reacting fluid flow by finite difference method. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution levels. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for the development of advanced methods for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.

scholarly journals Assessment of thermodynamic cycle of internal combustion engine in terms of rightsizing

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Zbigniew SROKA ◽  
Maciej DWORACZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Swept Volume

The modification of the downsizing trend of internal combustion engines towards rightsizing is a new challenge for constructors. The change in the displacement volume of internal combustion engines accompanying the rightsizing idea may in fact mean a reduction or increase of the defining swept volume change factors and thus may affect the change in the operating characteristics as a result of changes in combustion process parameters - a research problem described in this publication. Incidents of changes in the displacement volume were considered along with the change of the compression space and at the change of the geometric degree of compression. The new form of the mathematical dependence describing the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle makes it possible to evaluate the opera-tion indicators of the internal combustion engine along with the implementation of the rightsizing idea. The work demonstrated the in-variance of cycle efficiency with different forms of rightsizing.

Effect of IC Engine Operating Conditions on Combustion and Emission Characteristics

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta ◽  
Eugene L. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Pollutants Emission ◽  
Good Agreement

Numerical simulation of flow, combustion, heat release rate, and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained using a single cylinder internal combustion engine operating with propane as the fuel. The data show that for good agreement with experimental results on the peak pressure and the rate of pressure rise as a function of crank angle, spark ignition energy and local cylinder pressure must be properly modeled. The results obtained for NO and CO showed features which are qualitatively in good agreement and are similar to those reported in the literature for the chosen combustion chamber geometry. The results have shown that both the combustion chamber geometry and engine operating parameters affects the flame growth within the combustion chamber which subsequently affects the pollutants emission levels. The code employed the time marching procedure and solves the governing partial differential equations of multicomponent chemically reacting fluid flow by finite difference method. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution levels. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for the development of advanced methods for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.

scholarly journals The issue of improving the efficiency of nitrogen oxide neutralization systems in diesel internal combustion engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
A.V. Shabanov ◽  
◽  
D.V. Kondratiev ◽  
V.K. Vanin ◽  
A.Yu. Dunin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Exhaust Gas

The most effective method of reducing nitrogen oxides in diesel exhaust gas is selective purifica-tion by the SCR-NH3 method. The method uses ammonia released during thermolysis and hydroly-sis of a urea solution when it is injected through a nozzle into a neutralizer. This method has a rela-tively low efficiency of cleaning the exhaust gas from nitrogen oxides. The main factor hindering the achievement of high efficiency of the NOx neutralization system is the insufficiently high tem-perature during the implementation of this process. The article analyzes various ways to increase the efficiency of the neutralization process and proposes a new method for neutralizing NOx by using urea injection into the cylinders of the inter-nal combustion engine at the expansion stroke in a diesel internal combustion engine. Efficiency can be achieved due to a higher exhaust gas temperature in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and an increase in the time of the process of thermolysis and hydrolysis of urea. The kinetics of the decomposition of nitrogen oxides, the process of NH3 oxidation, and the cal-culation of temperature conditions in the cylinder of a diesel internal combustion engine at the ex-haust cycle are considered. The experience of neutralization of NOx contained in the flue gases of thermal power plants, where NOx purification takes place at high temperatures without the use of a catalyst, is analyzed. It is shown that the modernization of the SCR-NH3 process, due to the injection of urea at the exhaust stroke in a diesel internal combustion engine, will simplify the existing method of NOx neutralization and at the same time obtain additional advantages for a modern high-speed engine

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of Air Capacitor Turbocharging Single Cylinder Engines on Fuel Economy and Emissions Through Modeling and Experimentation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Buchman ◽  
W. Brett Johnson ◽  
Amos G. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Power Gain ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Intake Stroke

Turbocharging can provide a cost effective means for increasing the power output and fuel economy of an internal combustion engine. A turbocharger added to an internal combustion engine consists of a coupled turbine and compressor. Currently, turbocharging is common in multi-cylinder engines, but it is not commonly used on single-cylinder engines due to the phase mismatch between the exhaust stroke (when the turbocharger is powered) and the intake stroke (when the engine intakes the compressed air). The proposed method adds an air capacitor, an additional volume in series with the intake manifold, between the turbocharger compressor and the engine intake, to buffer the output from the turbocharger compressor and deliver pressurized air during the intake stroke. This research builds on previous work where it was shown experimentally that a power gain of 29% was achievable and that analytically a power gain of 40–60% was possible using a turbocharger and air capacitor system. The goal of this study is to further analyze the commercial viability of this technology by analyzing the effect of air capacitor turbocharging on emissions, fuel economy, and power density. An experiment was built and conducted that looked at how air capacitor sizing affected emissions, fuel economy, and the equivalence ratio. The experimental data was then used to calibrate a computational model built in Ricardo Wave. Finally this model was used to evaluate strategies to further improve the performance of a single cylinder diesel turbocharged engine with an air capacitor.

Study of Combustion Anomalies of H2-ICE With External Mixture Formation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Ciatti ◽  
Thomas Wallner ◽  
Henry Ng ◽  
William F. Stockhausen ◽  
Brad Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Hydrogen Combustion ◽  
Mixture Formation

Although hydrogen is considered one of the most promising future energy carriers, there are several challenges to achieving a “hydrogen economy,” including finding a practical, efficient, cost-effective end-use device. Using hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines is seen as a bridging technology toward a large-scale hydrogen infrastructure. To facilitate high-efficiency, high-power-density use of hydrogen with near-zero emissions in an internal combustion engine, detailed analysis of the hydrogen combustion process is necessary. This paper presents thermodynamic results regarding engine performance and emissions behavior during investigations performed on a single-cylinder research engine fueled by pressurized gaseous hydrogen. Avoiding combustion anomalies is one of the necessary steps to further improve the hydrogen engine power output at high-load operation while, at the same time, reducing fuel consumption and emissions during part-load operation. The overall target of the investigations is an improved combustion concept especially designed for hydrogen-engine-powered vehicles. Future activities include performing optical imaging of hydrogen combustion by using an endoscope. We will also investigate supercharged external mixture formation, as well as hydrogen direct-injection operation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Compression Ratio by Different Piston Head Shape on the Performance of Motorcycle Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6906-6917
Author(s):  
A. Katijan ◽  
A. H. Kamardin
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Head Shape ◽  
Piston Head

The compression ratio has a significant impact on engine power, fuel economy, emission, and other performances of internal combustion engines. Basic engine theory states that a higher compression ratio produces higher torque and horsepower. One way of having different compression ratio is by changing piston head shape. A piston is a cylindrical engine component that slides back and forth in the cylinder bore via forces produced during the combustion process. The piston acts as a movable end of the combustion chamber transmitting power generated from the burning of fuel and air mixture in the combustion chamber. The objective of this study is to compare the engine performance in horsepower and torque produced by the different shapes of the piston head in an internal combustion engine. Three pistons with different head shapes -  standard, mug (low compression) and dome (high compression) with a compression ratio of 8.8:1, 7.61:1 and 10.06:1 were selected for the study. An experiment was also performed to a standard piston installed with 1.5 mm gasket, which has a compression ratio of 7.31. The experiments were carried out using a standard internal combustion engine of a Honda EX5 motorcycle. The engine runs on a chassis dynamometer to measure its torque and horsepower. Piston performance was evaluated based on the maximum available torque and horsepower. The result shows that all three pistons produce different torque and horsepower. The domed piston head produces higher torque and horsepower followed by the standard and mug. By just changing the piston head shape, torque and horsepower increased up to 7.14% and 20.05%  respectively.

scholarly journals Engines of the Future

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (12) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Robert M. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Temperature Combustion

This article elaborates the advancement in internal combustion engine technology and explains why internal combustion engines will continue to be integral to the transportation of people and goods for the foreseeable future. The internal combustion engine has seen a remarkable evolution over the past century. Before 1970, the evolution of engine design was driven by quest for performance and increase in octane in the fuel supply. Since then, however, the imperative was the need to meet new emissions and fuel economy regulations. Some game-changing advances in automotive sector in recent years are improvements in engine technologies, sensors, and onboard computing power. This combination of technologies will enable unprecedented control of the combustion process, which in turn will enable real-world implementations of low-temperature combustion and other advanced strategies as well as improved robustness and fuel flexibility. In future, new engine concepts will also blend the best characteristics of both engine types to push the boundaries of efficiency while meeting stringent emissions regulations worldwide.

A Novel Internal Combustion Engine With Simultaneous Injection of Fuel and Pre-Compressed Pre-Heated Air

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike W. Coney ◽  
Claus Linnemann ◽  
Rob E. Morgan ◽  
Tom G. Bancroft ◽  
Richard M. Sammut
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Heated Air ◽  
Under Construction

A new type of high efficiency reciprocating internal combustion engine is being developed, which has separate cylinders for compression and combustion on a common crankshaft. The combustion air is compressed quasi-isothermally using dense water sprays, preheated using engine waste heat and injected into the combustion chamber simultaneously with the fuel. This novel process is predicted to allow net electrical efficiencies of up to 60%. The present paper focuses on the combustion process and the cooling system of a 3 MW four-cylinder prototype engine, which is currently under construction. This includes development of the design for high thermal loading and for combustion, in which pre-compressed and pre-heated air is introduced into the cylinder simultaneously with the fuel. The overall development is aimed at a 7 MW commercial engine with eight cylinders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document