scholarly journals The issue of improving the efficiency of nitrogen oxide neutralization systems in diesel internal combustion engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
A.V. Shabanov ◽  
◽  
D.V. Kondratiev ◽  
V.K. Vanin ◽  
A.Yu. Dunin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Exhaust Gas

The most effective method of reducing nitrogen oxides in diesel exhaust gas is selective purifica-tion by the SCR-NH3 method. The method uses ammonia released during thermolysis and hydroly-sis of a urea solution when it is injected through a nozzle into a neutralizer. This method has a rela-tively low efficiency of cleaning the exhaust gas from nitrogen oxides. The main factor hindering the achievement of high efficiency of the NOx neutralization system is the insufficiently high tem-perature during the implementation of this process. The article analyzes various ways to increase the efficiency of the neutralization process and proposes a new method for neutralizing NOx by using urea injection into the cylinders of the inter-nal combustion engine at the expansion stroke in a diesel internal combustion engine. Efficiency can be achieved due to a higher exhaust gas temperature in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and an increase in the time of the process of thermolysis and hydrolysis of urea. The kinetics of the decomposition of nitrogen oxides, the process of NH3 oxidation, and the cal-culation of temperature conditions in the cylinder of a diesel internal combustion engine at the ex-haust cycle are considered. The experience of neutralization of NOx contained in the flue gases of thermal power plants, where NOx purification takes place at high temperatures without the use of a catalyst, is analyzed. It is shown that the modernization of the SCR-NH3 process, due to the injection of urea at the exhaust stroke in a diesel internal combustion engine, will simplify the existing method of NOx neutralization and at the same time obtain additional advantages for a modern high-speed engine

Possibility of using gas lubricant in the cylinders of internal combustion engines of transport vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Piston ◽  
Suspension Stiffness ◽  
Gas Layer

The prospects of using the gas-static suspension of the internal combustion engine piston in transport vehicles and power plants are considered. The diagram of the piston and the method for calculating the stiffness and bearing capacity of the gas layer surrounding the piston are presented, as well as the results of experiments that showed the relevance of this method. The possibility of gas and static centering of the engine piston is confirmed. Keywords: internal combustion engine, piston, gasstatic suspension, stiffness, bearing capacity, gas medium. [email protected]

Emissions Control From IC Engines Using Advanced Combustion Chamber Design

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta ◽  
Eugene L. Keating ◽  
Andrew A. Pouring
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Geometry Design ◽  
Pollutants Emission

Abstract Numerical simulation of flow, combustion phenomena and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained on an homogeneous-charged internal combustion engine having conventional flat piston and five other bowl-in-piston geometries. The code employed here uses the time marching procedure and solves the governing partial differential equations of multi-component chemically reactive flow by finite difference method. The transient solution is marched out in a sequence of time steps. The results show that the piston geometry affects the local flame properties which subsequently influences the pollutants emission level. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for the development of advanced methods for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.

Piston Geometry Design Effects on Combustion and Emission Characteristics

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwani K. Gupta ◽  
Lu Jiang ◽  
Eugene L. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Geometry Design ◽  
Pollutants Emission

Abstract Numerical simulation of flow, combustion phenomena and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained on an internal combustion engine having conventional flat piston and advanced piston geometries. The code employed the time marching procedure that solves the governing partial differential equations of multi-component chemically reactive fluid flow by finite difference method. The transient solution is marched out in a sequence of time steps. The results show that both the piston geometry and inlet flow conditions affects the local flame properties which subsequently alters the pollutants emission levels. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution levels. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.

Nitrogen oxides in internal combustion engine gases

1937 ◽  
Vol 163 (912) ◽  
pp. 90-100 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Hydrocarbon Combustion ◽  
Made In

An account was given in a paper entitled “Proknocks and Hydrocarbon Combustion” (Ubbelohde, Drinkwater and Egerton 1935) of some experiments made to trace the source of the nitrogen peroxide which had been found by sampling the products from the cylinder of a petrol engine at various stages of the stroke. Those experiments indicated that it was not simply a matter of nitric oxide formed by the flame giving rise to the nitrogen peroxide, for different results were obtained using different exhaust-valve surfaces. Nevertheless it seemed probable that the flame should be mainly responsible for the formation of nitric oxide, and so further experiments have been made. In order to make progress it was essential to determine the amount of nitric oxide as well as the amount of nitrogen peroxide, and analytical methods had to be devised to do this. The first part of this note deals with the methods of determining small quantities (of the order of 10 -4 mol. fraction) of total nitrogen oxides and of nitrogen peroxide, and the second part with the results of analyses of the gases sampled from the cylinder of internal combustion engines by the methods described by Egerton, Smith and Ubbelohde (1935) and by Drinkwater and Egerton for the C. I. engine in a paper shortly to be published.

Design of a Method for Test Diagnostics of an Internal Combustion Engine Based on the Analysis of the Exhaust Gas Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Gritsenko ◽  
Grigoriy N. Salimonenko ◽  
Maksim V. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Diagnostic Parameters

The introduction of methods for timely diagnostics of internal combustion engines allows maintaining the environmental indicators of the car fleet at the highest level. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the reliability of diagnostics of internal combustion engines by using data obtained by selective sampling of exhaust gases. (Materials and methods) Informational, mathematical and experimental research methods, including methods for statistical processing of results and analysis of data obtained during experiments were used during the study. (Results and discussion) The main systems that affect the environmental performance of internal combustion engines has been identified: the fuel supply system, the ignition system and the exhaust gas neutralization system. The article describes a generalized mathematical model for calculating the characteristics of exhaust gases. Authors conducted operational tests on 35 internal combustion engines with justification of their number according to standard methods. The actual value of diagnostic parameters was processed into relative percentages for drawing a nomogram. A zero value has been set for the reference state of the elements specified by the manufacturer. (Conclusions) It was found that the dominant number of failures accounted for internal combustion engines, in detail: the ignition system produces 15-25 percent of failures, the power system produces 30-44 percent, the exhaust system produces 10-15 percent. It was found that for unambiguous identification of any combination of factors, it is necessary to have output values of at least three evaluation criteria. It was found that the most sensitive parameters for evaluating the technical condition of the three systems are: changes in the engine crankshaft speed, the parameters of exhaust gas toxicity, CO, CO2, CH, O2 when providing test modes (operation of the internal combustion engine on 1 cylinder at 20 and 40 percent of the throttle opening). The article describes designed a gasoline engine loader for the implementation of diagnostic modes and control of diagnostic parameters, that allows to create operating loads with an accuracy of 0.1 percent.

scholarly journals Environmental effect of molecular degradation of internal combustion engine exhaust gases

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
В.В. Мурамович ◽  
В.Ю. Каминский ◽  
С.Н. Турусов
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Toxic Components

Рассматривается экологическая проблема очистки отработавших газов углеводородных энергетических установок от токсичных компонентов. Показан состав основных токсичных компонентов, приведены значения энергии связи их молекул. Представлены существующие методы улучшения экологических характеристик двигателей внутреннего сгорания: рециркуляция отработавших газов, снижение степени сжатия, уменьшение угла опережения впрыска, добавление присадок к топливу и др. Перечислены их достоинства и недостатки. Предлагается новый метод – использование электромагнитных полей для очистки отработавших газов от токсичных компонентов. Выполнен оценочный расчет его эффективности. Показано, что применение устройств модификации в топливной системе двигателей внутреннего сгорания, а также в системе выпуска отработавших газов позволяет существенно снизить выбросы в окружающую среду вредных веществ, и, при этом, не требует принципиальных изменений в конструкции двигателей. Рабочий ресурс предлагаемых устройств электромагнитной обработки обусловлен применяемыми для их изготовления материалами. The ecological problem of cleaning the exhaust gases of hydrocarbon power plants from toxic components is considered. The composition of the main toxic components is shown; the values of the binding energy of their molecules are given. The existing methods of improving the environmental characteristics of internal combustion engines are presented: exhaust gas recirculation, reduction of the compression ratio, reduction of the injection advance angle, addition of fuel additives, etc. Their advantages and disadvantages are listed. A new method is proposed – the use of electromagnetic fields for cleaning exhaust gases from toxic components. An estimated calculation of its effectiveness is performed. It is shown that the use of modification devices in the fuel system of internal combustion engines, as well as in the exhaust gas system, can significantly reduce emissions of harmful substances into the environment, and, at the same time, does not require fundamental changes in the design of engines. The materials used for their manufacture determine the working life of the proposed electromagnetic processing devices.

scholarly journals Aging of engine oils and their influence on the wear of an internal combustion engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Idzior
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Base Oils ◽  
The Impact

New designs of internal combustion engines require the use of engine oils that can cope with more demanding conditions, primarily with greater loads and higher temperatures. The requirements of recent years have led to a wider use of modern base oils and specially designed additive packages. This avoids the formation of impurities and changes in viscosity as a result of shearing of the viscosity additives under high loads. The article discusses the important problem of oil aging during operation and the impact of this phenomenon on the operation of internal combustion engines. The influence of oil service life and its replacement on the emission of toxic exhaust gas components was discussed, and the results of research on the effect of oil service life on changes in their viscosity were presented.

scholarly journals Reduction of the carbon footprint of cargo vehicles with pneumatic recovery of braking energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (5) ◽  
pp. 052017
Author(s):  
A V Egorov ◽  
Yu F Kaizer ◽  
A V Lysyannikov ◽  
R B Zhelukevich ◽  
A V Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Internal Combustion

Abstract Reducing carbon dioxide emissions by passenger vehicles allows you to achieve the use of electric power plants and hybrid power plants made on the basis of thermal internal combustion engines and electric machines. However, the application of the above-mentioned approach for trucks is associated with significant difficulties due to the low specific capacity of the chemical current sources currently used. The recovery of braking energy of cargo vehicles in the pneumatic form is constrained by the need to achieve a high speed of switching on the pneumatic recuperator. In order to minimize the energy losses of the pneumatic recuperator during acceleration and steady-state. Without changing the design and reducing the reliability of the internal combustion engine, it is possible to supply air to its inlet at pressures not exceeding 350 kPa. When air is supplied to the internal combustion engine inlet at pressures of 200 and 300 kPa, it is possible to reduce specific carbon dioxide emissions by 16 and 37 % per unit of generated mechanical energy, respectively, compared to air supply under normal atmospheric conditions.

АКУСТИЧНА ПОМІТНІСТЬ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ З СИЛОВИМИ УСТАНОВКАМИ НА БАЗІ ПОРШНЕВИХ ДВИГУНІВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-80
Author(s):  
В. В. Руденко ◽  
И. В. Калужинов ◽  
Н. А. Андрущенко
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Acoustic Signature ◽  
Static Conditions

The presence in operation of many prototypes of UAVs with propeller propellers, the use of such devices at relatively low altitudes and flight speeds makes the problem of noise reduction from UAVs urgent both from the point of view of acoustic imperceptibility and ecology.The aim of the work is to determine a set of methods that help to reduce the visibility of UAVs in the acoustic range. It is shown that the main source of noise from the UAV on the ground is the power plant, which includes the engine and the propeller. The parameters of the power plants influencing the processes that determine the acoustic signature of the UAV were investigated. A comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting visibility was carried out. The power plants include two-stroke and four-stroke engines, internal combustion and two-blade propellers. The use of silencers on the exhaust of the internal combustion engine was considered. The spectral characteristics of the acoustic fields of the propeller-driven power plants for the operating sample of the UAV "Eco" were obtained. The measurements were carried out in one-third octave and 1/48 octave frequency bands under static conditions. The venue is the KhAI airfield. Note that the propellers that were part of the power plants operated at Reynolds numbers (Re0,75<2*105), which can significantly affect its aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics. It is shown that when choosing a UAV control system, one should take into account the fact that two-stroke piston engines are the dominant source in the noise of propeller-driven control systems in the absence of a hood and mufflers in the intake and exhaust tracts. The use of a four-stroke internal combustion engine significantly reduces the noise of the control system. In the general case, the position of the boundaries of the zone of acoustic visibility of a UAV at the location of the observer is determined by the ratio between the intensity of acoustic radiation perceived by the observer from the UAV and the intensity of sound corresponding to the natural acoustic background and depends on the degree of manifestation of acoustic effects accompanying the propagation of sound in a turbulent atmosphere - the refraction of sound waves. Absorption and dissipation of acoustic energy. The calculation and comparison of the UAV detection range was carried out taking into account the existing natural maskers.The results of experimental studies are presented that allow assessing the degree of acoustic signature of the UAV. A set of measures aimed at reducing the intensity of the acoustic signature of the UAV in various regions of the radiation spectrum has been determined.

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