Comparison of Cylindrical Wrapping Geometries to Via Points for Modeling Muscle Paths in the Estimation of Sit-to-Stand Muscle Forces

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Norman-Gerum ◽  
John McPhee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Cylindrical Geometries ◽  
Anatomical Constraints

To better understand the complexities of rising from a seated to a standing position, a model of the human has been created. Sit-to-stand kinematics as well as ground reaction forces were measured experimentally and are used in an inverse dynamics analysis to estimate nine muscle forces during motion. Calculated muscle forces are sensitive to assumptions made when modeling muscle paths. Changes in the line of action of a muscle due to interaction with anatomical constraints are often accounted for by including fixed via points in a model. Here an alternate approach of representing anatomical constraints using three-dimensional cylindrical geometries is derived and presented. In this mathematical model the course of the muscle is determined as the minimum-length path where the muscle is allowed to wrap freely over the surface of the cylinder. Muscle forces are estimated for sit-to-stand by resolving net joint torques using an objective function giving preference to solutions minimizing both muscle stresses and abrupt changes in muscle forces. This is the first time muscle forces have been presented for sit-to-stand using a musculoskeletal model with included anatomical constraints represented using cylindrical wrapping geometries alone. A comparison of calculated muscle force patterns using fixed via points and wrapping points versus three-dimensional wrapping surfaces is made with reference to electromyographic phase data. For the sit-to-stand motion, the inclusion of anatomical constraints as three-dimensional cylindrical geometries results in calculation of muscle forces more true to the experimental data and more consistent with the belief that gradual motions are created by gradual changes in muscle force over time.

Muscle Forces and Their Contributions to Vertical and Horizontal Acceleration of the Center of Mass During Sit-to-Stand Transfer in Young, Healthy Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena J. Caruthers ◽  
Julie A. Thompson ◽  
Ajit M.W. Chaudhari ◽  
Laura C. Schmitt ◽  
Thomas M. Best ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Main Contributor ◽  
Sit To Stand

Sit-to-stand transfer is a common task that is challenging for older adults and others with musculoskeletal impairments. Associated joint torques and muscle activations have been analyzed two-dimensionally, neglecting possible three-dimensional (3D) compensatory movements in those who struggle with sit-to-stand transfer. Furthermore, how muscles accelerate an individual up and off the chair remains unclear; such knowledge could inform rehabilitation strategies. We examined muscle forces, muscleinduced accelerations, and interlimb muscle force differences during sit-to-stand transfer in young, healthy adults. Dynamic simulations were created using a custom 3D musculoskeletal model; static optimization and induced acceleration analysis were used to determine muscle forces and their induced accelerations, respectively. The gluteus maximus generated the largest force (2009.07 ± 277.31 N) and was a main contributor to forward acceleration of the center of mass (COM) (0.62 ± 0.18 m/s2), while the quadriceps opposed it. The soleus was a main contributor to upward (2.56 ± 0.74 m/s2) and forward acceleration of the COM (0.62 ± 0.33 m/s2). Interlimb muscle force differences were observed, demonstrating lower limb symmetry cannot be assumed during this task, even in healthy adults. These findings establish a baseline from which deficits and compensatory strategies in relevant populations (eg, elderly, osteoarthritis) can be identified.

Three-Dimensional Model to Predict Muscle Forces and Their Relation to Motor Variances in Reaching Arm Movements

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Tibold ◽  
Gabor Fazekas ◽  
Jozsef Laczko
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Moment Arms

A three-dimensional (3-D) arm movement model is presented to simulate kinematic properties and muscle forces in reaching arm movements. Healthy subjects performed reaching movements repetitively either with or without a load in the hand. Joint coordinates were measured. Muscle moment arms, 3-D angular acceleration, and moment of inertias of arm segments were calculated to determine 3-D joint torques. Variances of hand position, arm configuration, and muscle activities were calculated. Ratios of movement variances observed in the two conditions (load versus without load) showed no differences for hand position and arm configuration variances. Virtual muscle force variances for all muscles except deltoid posterior and EMG variances for four muscles increased significantly by moving with the load. The greatly increased variances in muscle activity did not imply equally high increments in kinematic variances. We conclude that enhanced muscle cooperation through synergies helps to stabilize movement at the kinematic level when a load is added.

scholarly journals Inverse and forward dynamics: models of multi–body systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1437) ◽  
pp. 1493-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Forward Dynamics ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Multi Body

Connected multi–body systems exhibit notoriously complex behaviour when driven by external and internal forces and torques. The problem of reconstructing the internal forces and/or torques from the movements and known external forces is called the ‘inverse dynamics problem’, whereas calculating motion from known internal forces and/or torques and resulting reaction forces is called the ‘forward dynamics problem’. When stepping forward to cross the street, people use muscle forces that generate angular accelerations of their body segments and, by virtue of reaction forces from the street, a forward acceleration of the centre of mass of their body. Inverse dynamics calculations applied to a set of motion data from such an event can teach us how temporal patterns of joint torques were responsible for the observed motion. In forward dynamics calculations we may attempt to create motion from such temporal patterns, which is extremely difficult, because of the complex mechanical linkage along the chains forming the multi–body system. To understand, predict and sometimes control multi–body systems, we may want to have mathematical expressions for them. The Newton–Euler, Lagrangian and Featherstone approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. The simulation of collisions and the inclusion of muscle forces or other internal forces are discussed. Also, the possibility to perform a mixed inverse and forward dynamics calculation are dealt with. The use and limitations of these approaches form the conclusion.

Two and Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Torso Models for Pushing and Pulling

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
K.S. Lee ◽  
D.B. Chaffin ◽  
F. Aghazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Pushing And Pulling

This paper presents a two and three-dimensional biomechanical torso models for pushing and pulling. The three-dimensional model was developed by dividing the erector spinae and rectus abdominis muscle force components into right and left side and by adding the right and left oblique muscle force components to the two-dimensional model. This paper also presents the results of the muscle forces predicted by the two-dimensional model. The predicted muscle forces were compared with the measured EMG(rms) values (root-mean-square electromyogram values) from the corresponding muscles while pushing and pulling. Three different types of isometric pushing and pulling, namely trunk pushing and pulling, hand pushing and pulling in an erect posture with hips braced and hand pushing and pulling in a free posture at three differrent handle heights were studied. The results show that a simple two-dimensional biomechanical model with only one muscle active at a time may not be appropriate for the estimation of the muscle forces on the lower back.

Simulation-Based Unassisted Sit-to-Stand Motion Prediction for Healthy Young Individuals

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Ozsoy ◽  
James Yang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Motion Prediction ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Abnormalities

Sit-to-stand (STS) is a common activity in daily lives which requires relatively high joint torques and a robust coordination of lower and upper extremities with postural stability. Many elderly, people with lower limb injuries, and patients with neurological disorders or musculoskeletal abnormalities have difficulties in accomplishing this task. In contrast to the literature on numerous experimental studies of STS, there are limited studies that were carried out through simulations. In literature, mostly bilateral symmetry was assumed for STS tasks, however even for healthy people, it is more difficult to perform STS tasks with a perfect bilateral symmetry. The goal of this research is to develop a three-dimensional unassisted STS motion prediction formulation for healthy young individuals. Predicted results will be compared with experimental results found in literature for the validation of the proposed formulation.

Influence of Position and Power Output on Upper Limb Kinetics in Cycling

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Costes ◽  
Nicolas A. Turpin ◽  
David Villeger ◽  
Pierre Moretto ◽  
Bruno Watier
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Shoulder Joints ◽  
Limb Kinematics

Several suggestions on the upper limb involvement in cycling exist but, to date, no study has quantified upper limb kinetics in this task. The aim of this study was to determine how crank power and pedaling position (seated or standing) affect upper limb kinetics. Handlebar loadings and upper limb kinematics were collected from 17 participants performing seated or standing pedaling trials in a random order at 6 crank powers ranging from 20% (112 ± 19 W) to 120% (675 ± 113 W) of their spontaneous sit-to-stand transition power. An inverse dynamics approach was used to compute 3D moments, powers, and works at the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints. Over 29 parameters investigated, increases in crank power were associated with increases in the magnitudes of 23 and 20 of the kinetic variables assessed in seated and standing positions, respectively. The standing position was associated with higher magnitudes of upper limb kinetics. These results suggest that both upper and lower limbs should be considered in future models to better understand whole body coordination in cycling.

Kinematic and Dynamic Synergies of Human Precision-Grip Movements

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 2284-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Grinyagin ◽  
E. V. Biryukova ◽  
M. A. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Precision Grip ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Movement Kinematics ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Relative Contribution

We analyzed the adaptability of human thumb and index finger movement kinematics and dynamics to variations of precision grip aperture and movement velocity. Six subjects performed precision grip opening and closing movements under different conditions of movement velocity and movement aperture (thumb and index finger tip-to-tip distance). Angular motion of the thumb and index finger joints was recorded with a CyberGlove and a three-dimensional biomechanical model was used for solving the inverse dynamics problem during precision grip movements, i.e., for calculating joint torques from experimentally obtained angular variations. The time-varying joint angles and joint torques were analyzed by principal-component analysis to quantify the contributions of individual joints in kinematic and dynamic synergies. At the level of movement kinematics, we found subject-specific angular contributions. However, the adaptation to large aperture, achieved by an increase of the relative contribution of the proximal joints, was subject-invariant. At the level of movement dynamics, the adaptation of thumb-index finger movements to task constraints was similar among all subjects and required the linear scaling of joint torques, the synchronization of joint torques under high velocity conditions, and a flexible redistribution of joint torques between the proximal joint of the thumb and that of the index finger. This work represents one of the first attempts at calculating the joint torques during human precision-grip movements and indicates that the dynamic synergies seem to be remarkably simple compared with the synergies found for movement kinematics.

Women Ankle Joint Torques Comparison between Bare Foot and High Heel

2013 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
pp. 382-386
Author(s):  
Hai Bin Liu ◽  
Zhi Qiang He ◽  
Wen Xue Yuan ◽  
Zhao Li Meng
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Force System ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
High Heel ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
The Stability

Objective: Research on ankle joint torques of healthy women with high heel compared with bare foot based on Inverse Dynamics. Methods: 12 women were recruited and tested by motion and force system. Kinematical, kinetic and personal segment parameter data were used to compute ankle joint torques and compare the differences between bare foot and high heel.Conclusion: compared with bare foot, It can infer that Soleus and Gastrocnemius access the contraction in advance and keep higher muscle force. Tibia Anterior and Posterior must have to make powerful contraction that could keep the ankle joint with higher torque. Compared with sagital and frontal plane, high heel doesnt change the joint torque in horizontal plane during the whole internal phase, but the fluctuations of torque value may influence the stability during normal level walking.

scholarly journals On the Organizing Role of Nonmuscular Forces During Performance of a Giant Circle in Gymnastics

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violaine Sevrez ◽  
Guillaume Rao ◽  
Eric Berton ◽  
Reinoud J. Bootsma
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Kinematic Pattern ◽  
Triple Pendulum ◽  
Inverse Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Induced Changes

Five elite gymnasts performed giant circles on the high bar under different conditions of loading (without and with 6-kg loads attached to the shoulders, waist or ankles). Comparing the gymnasts’ kinematic pattern of movement with that of a triple-pendulum moving under the sole influence of nonmuscular forces revealed qualitative similarities, including the adoption of an arched position during the downswing and a piked position during the upswing. The structuring role of nonmuscular forces in the organization of movement was further reinforced by the results of an inverse dynamics analysis, assessing the contributions of gravitational, inertial and muscular components to the net joint torques. Adding loads at the level of the shoulders, waist or ankles systematically influenced movement kinematics and net joint torques. However, with the loads attached at the level of the shoulders or waist, the load-induced changes in gravitational and inertial torques provided the required increase in net joint torque, thereby allowing the muscular torques to remain unchanged. With the loads attached at the level of the ankles, this was no longer the case and the gymnasts increased the muscular torques at the shoulder and hip joints. Together, these results demonstrate that expert gymnasts skillfully exploit the operative nonmuscular forces, employing muscle force only in the capacity of complementary forces needed to perform the task.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document