Adaptive Motor Control During Experiments With Brain Machine Interfaces

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koren Beiser ◽  
Miriam Zacksenhouse
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brain Machine Interfaces ◽  
Neural Modulation ◽  
Insight Into

Recent experiments with Brain Machine Interfaces indicate that the extent of neural modulations increases abruptly upon starting to operate the interface. In contrast, neural modulations due to the trajectory profile remain relatively unchanged. Furthermore, the enhanced modulations subside with further training, mirroring the trend in task performance, which degraded upon starting to operate the interface and improved gradually with training. Here we investigate the hypothesis that the enhanced modulations reflect internal representation of trajectory errors, which results in corrective commands in the short term and adaptive modifications of internal models in the long term. A simplified uni-dimensional model is analyzed to demonstrate the observed transient enhancement in neural modulations during the operation of Brain machine Interfaces. Identifying the source of the transient enhancement in neural modulation would provide insight into adaptive motor control and facilitate the improvement of future Brain Machine Interfaces.

Athletes Play Through Pain—What Does That Mean for Rehabilitation Specialists?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Barrette ◽  
Katherine Harman
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Sport Organization ◽  
The University ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Competitive Nature ◽  
And Training ◽  
Insight Into

Context: Pain in sport has been normalized to the point where athletes are expected to ignore pain and remain in the game despite the possible detrimental consequences associated with playing through pain. While rehabilitation specialists may not have an influence on an athlete’s competitive nature or the culture of risk they operate in, understanding the consequences of those factors on an athlete’s physical well-being is definitely in their area of responsibility. Objective: To explore the factors associated with the experiences of subelite athletes who play through pain in gymnastics, rowing, and speed skating. Design: The authors conducted semistructured interviews with subelite athletes, coaches, and rehabilitation specialists. They recruited coach participants through their provincial sport organization. Athletes of the recruited coaches who were recovering from a musculoskeletal injury and training for a major competition were then recruited. They also recruited rehabilitation specialists who were known to treat subelite athletes independently by e-mail. Setting: An observation session was conducted at the athlete’s training facility. Interviews were then conducted either in a room at the university or at a preferred sound-attenuated location suggested by the participant. Participants: The authors studied 5 coaches, 4 subelite athletes, and 3 rehabilitation specialists. Interventions: The authors photographed athletes during a practice shortly before an important competition, and we interviewed all the participants after that competition. Our photographs were used during the interview to stimulate discussion. Results: The participant interviews revealed 3 main themes related to playing through pain. They are: Listening to your body, Decision making, and Who decides. Conclusion: When subelite athletes, striving to be the best in their sport continue to train with the pain of an injury, performance is affected in the short-term and long-term consequences are also possible. Our study provides some insight into the contrasting forces that athletes balance as they decide to continue or to stop.

scholarly journals Az etopozid szervezeten belüli eloszlásában és metabolizmusában szerepet játszó epigenetikai hatások

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (32) ◽  
pp. 1295-1302
Author(s):  
Erika Rozália Kovács ◽  
Sára Tóth ◽  
Dániel János Erdélyi
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
And Personalized Medicine ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Pharmacogenomic Studies

Abstract: Etoposide is a topoisomerase II inhibitor antitumor agent which is widely used in the treatment of several hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The therapeutic index of etoposide is quite high, thus its application causes several short-term and long-term side effects which can decrease the chance to cure patients. Drug dosing is based on body surface area calculation; recommendations for individual dosing do not exist yet. The biotransformation and transportation of etoposide are carried out by enzymes and transporters as reported in pharmacogenomic studies published in this area. Nowadays pharmacoepigenetics research has come to the fore. The authors wish to give an insight into the research of the epigenetical changes of the etoposide pathways, especially focusing on published findings on enzymes and transporters with pharmacokinetic relevance. In the future, epigenetical changes of the etoposide pathway might have a great role in diagnostics, prognostics and personalized medicine. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(32): 1295–1302.

Intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1266-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnan Ravindran ◽  
Lauren A Dalvin ◽  
Jose S Pulido ◽  
Waleed Brinjikji
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
First Line ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity ◽  
Insight Into

Background and purposeIntra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma has been adopted as a first-line treatment option by numerous tertiary centers. The effect of intra-arterial chemotherapy on future rates of metastatic disease as well as on globe salvage in advanced eyes remains relatively unknown.MethodsA search of PubMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science electronic databases was conducted from inception until January 2019 for studies with a minimum of 10 patients reporting outcomes and complications following intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma.ResultsA total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis, comprising 873 patients and 1467 eyes. Only one study was comparative; there was substantial heterogeneity in reported outcomes and several overlapping patient cohorts that were published. Across all studies, 174 of 1467 eyes were enucleated (11.8%). Metastatic disease occurred in 8 of 513 patients (1.6%). Globe salvage was achieved in 318 of 906 (35.6%) cases of advanced retinoblastoma. The most common ocular complication was retinal detachment, occurring in 23% of eyes, and the most common systemic complications were transient fever and nausea/vomiting.ConclusionsThere is a paucity of higher-level evidence with adequate follow-up surrounding the long-term safety of intra-arterial chemotherapy and effect on metastasis in retinoblastoma. Studies to date have been limited by short-term follow-up. Longitudinal prospective studies could provide greater insight into the ability of intra-arterial chemotherapy to reduce the risk of retinoblastoma metastasis.

scholarly journals The use of borehole inclinometry in determining basal sliding and internal deformation at Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Copland ◽  
Jon Harbor ◽  
Marie Minner ◽  
Martin Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Digital Inclinometer ◽  
Basal Sliding ◽  
Internal Deformation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Annual Scale ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Displacement Measurements

A series of boreholes were drilled with high-pressure hot water across a section of Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, in summer 1995. Twenty-three of the boreholes were profiled with a digital inclinometer soon aller drilling, and 14 were re-profiled up to 6 weeks later to determine changes in the longitudinal shape of boreholes with time. In addition to the main surveys, three boreholes were surveyed 14 times each to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of inclinometry measurements. These repeat surveys suggest that caution is needed in the interpretation of short-term borehole displacement measurements, and that the reoccupation of boreholes from one year to the next may be a better way to determine patterns of internal deformation and basal sliding. The annual scale may also have advantages in providing more long-term insight into glaciological processes than short term (single season) measurements.

scholarly journals The financial and structural capabilities of key infrastructure sectors in Serbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (195) ◽  
pp. 7-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Malinic ◽  
Vlade Milicevic
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Financial Strength ◽  
Energy Transportation ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
Insight Into

Experts and economic policy creators debate various economic growth rates without a direct insight into the capabilities of the different economic sectors motivated us to devote this paper to the research of key infrastructure sector capabilities, both in terms of the economic prosperity of the Serbian national economy and as a support for the development of other sectors. This paper examines the energy, transportation, and telecommunications sectors? exposure to short-term and long-term risks, and assesses their financial strength, investment possibilities, and long-term profitability. We believe that the following results will be a valuable information input for making better strategic decisions and more expedient planning of economic sustainable growth.

The Psychology of Consumerism in Business and Marketing

2015 ◽  
pp. 1845-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Tran
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Branding Strategy ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Global Branding ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

In the past decade or so, various models have emerged concerning the study of culture and marketing in regards to consumerism, of which Geert Hofstede's dimensional model of national culture has been applied to various areas of global branding and advertising, and the underlying theories of consumer behavior. Hofstede's model has been used to explain differences regarding the concepts of self, personality and identity, which in turn explain variations in branding strategy and communications. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to address the psychology of consumerism in business and marketing from the macro and micro behaviors of Hofstede's cultural consumers. The chapter emphasizes Hofstede's fifth cultural dimension, long-term versus short-term orientation regarding marketing. In so doing, both macro and micro paradigms on the psychology of consumers' behaviors will be covered in relation to marketing, as well as a brief history of marketing and the marketing field.

scholarly journals The use of borehole inclinometry in determining basal sliding and internal deformation at Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Copland ◽  
Jon Harbor ◽  
Marie Minner ◽  
Martin Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Digital Inclinometer ◽  
Basal Sliding ◽  
Internal Deformation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Annual Scale ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Displacement Measurements

A series of boreholes were drilled with high-pressure hot water across a section of Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, in summer 1995. Twenty-three of the boreholes were profiled with a digital inclinometer soon aller drilling, and 14 were re-profiled up to 6 weeks later to determine changes in the longitudinal shape of boreholes with time. In addition to the main surveys, three boreholes were surveyed 14 times each to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of inclinometry measurements. These repeat surveys suggest that caution is needed in the interpretation of short-term borehole displacement measurements, and that the reoccupation of boreholes from one year to the next may be a better way to determine patterns of internal deformation and basal sliding. The annual scale may also have advantages in providing more long-term insight into glaciological processes than short term (single season) measurements.

scholarly journals Superiority of Mild Interventions against COVID-19 on Public Health and Economic Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Makoto Niwa ◽  
Yasushi Hara ◽  
Yusuke Matsuo ◽  
Hodaka Narita ◽  
Yeongjoo Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Quantitative Modeling ◽  
Loop Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Causal Loop ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Insight Into

(1) Background: During the global spread of COVID-19, Japan has been among the top countries to maintain a relatively low number of infections, despite implementing limited institutional interventions and its high population density. This study investigated how limited intervention policies have affected public health and economic conditions in the COVID-19 context and aimed to gain insight into the effective and sustainable measures against new infectious diseases in densely inhabited areas. (2) Methods: A system dynamics approach was employed. Qualitative causal loop analysis and stock and quantitative flow model analysis were performed, using a Tokyo Metropolitan area dataset. (3) Results: A causal loop analysis suggested that there were risks in prematurely terminating such interventions. Based on this result and the subsequent quantitative modeling, we found that the short-term effectiveness of a short-term pre-emptive stay-at-home request caused a resurgence in the number of positive cases, whereas an additional request provided a limited negative add-on effect for economic measures (e.g., number of electronic word-of-mouth communications and restaurant visits). (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest the superiority of a mild and continuous intervention as a long-term countermeasure under epidemic pressures when compared with strong intermittent interventions.

scholarly journals Pre-existing long-term memory facilitates the formation of visual short-term memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhen Xie ◽  
Weiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Neural Data ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

The current chapter aims to solidify converging observations in the literature concerning the contribution of pre-existing LTM to the formation of VSTM. Our approach primarily focuses on identifying conditions under which pre-existing LTM can facilitate VSTM (Xie & Zhang, 2017c), instead of the traditional focus on whether or not pre-existing LTM affects VSTM task performance (e.g., Brady, Störmer, & Alvarez, 2016; Quirk, Adam, & Vogel, 2020). This approach could provide a novel context for the development of theories about VSTM, LTM, and their interactions. Here, we will begin with some theoretical predictions of the roles of pre-existing LTM in VSTM formation. Next, we will summarize converging evidence from behavioral and neural data in support of some of these predictions. Finally, we will discuss mechanisms underlying these empirical observations and propose some open questions for future investigations.

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