Towards “Green Tribology”: Self-Organization at the Sliding Interface for Biomimetic Surfaces

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nosonovsky
Keyword(s):  
Self Organization ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Biomimetic Surfaces ◽  
Tidal Turbines ◽  
Biological Impacts ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
Surface Modification Techniques ◽  
Green Tribology

“Green tribology” is the concept that was introduced in 2009 by the founder of Tribology, Prof. P. Jost, who defined it as “the science and technology of the tribological aspects of ecological balance and of environmental and biological impacts.” This includes tribological technology that mimics living nature (biomimetic surfaces) and thus is expected to be environment-friendly, the control of friction and wear that is of importance for energy conservation and conversion, environmental aspects of lubrication and surface modification techniques, and tribological aspects of green applications such as the wind-power turbines, tidal turbines, or solar panels. It is clear that a number of tribological problems could be put under the umbrella of “green tribology” and is of mutual benefit to one another. Biomimetic applications are of particular interest for the Green Tribology, because of their environment-friendliness. Nosonovsky and Bhushan suggested the “12 principles of the Green Tribology.” The common feature in various biomimetic surfaces is their hierarchical structure and the ability for self-organization. I will discuss the principles of self-organization in hierarchical tribological systems on the basis of the concepts of the non-equilibrium thermodynamics (the Onsager formalism). In particular, I will show that the thermodynamic approach in tribology can yield new and practically important results.

Towards the “Green Tribology”: Biomimetic Surfaces, Biodegradable Lubrication, and Renewable Energy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nosonovsky ◽  
Bharat Bhushan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Theoretical Modeling ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Biomimetic Surfaces ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Green Tribology

The Green Tribology is a new concept that was suggested in 2009. We discuss the scope of the new discipline and the publications on Green Tribology which are to appear in 2010 and 2011. The three areas relevant to Green Tribology are: (i) biomimetic and self-lubricating materials / surfaces (ii) biodegradable and environment-friendly lubricants (iii) tribology of renewable and/or sustainable sources of energy. The hypothesis is that these three areas can benefit from each other and, therefore, it is justified to combine these three areas into the novel field of Green Tribology. We discuss recent theoretical, modeling, and experimental research in these areas of interest and present theoretical, modeling, and experimental results in the area of environment-friendly tribology.

eu Policy and Law Regarding Railways and the Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Ludwig Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Railway Freight ◽  
Planning And Operation

For decades, railway issues were considered, in Europe, as being almost entirely in the responsibility of the Member States. This history is even reflected in the present eu approach on railway issues which has, as one of its political priorities, the objective to ensure the interoperability of national legal and technical standards all over the eu. The development of trans-European transport networks, the upcoming of high-speed transboundary trains and the internationalisation of railway freight transport which are of relative recent date, all contribute to the greater awareness of railway impacts on the environment. Policies can no longer promote railways with the argument that rail is the most environment-friendly means of transport, but are more and more obliged to take into consideration, during the planning and operation of railways, local, provincial and regional environmental concerns. The contribution passes in review the most relevant environmental concerns with regard to railways. After a short description of the regulatory frame, the different environmental aspects of railways – land use, nature conservation, noise, water, air pollution, and waste management – are discussed. Some concluding remarks follow.

Thermodynamics of surface degradation, self-organization and self-healing for biomimetic surfaces

2009 ◽  
Vol 367 (1893) ◽  
pp. 1607-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nosonovsky ◽  
Bharat Bhushan
Keyword(s):  
Entropy Production ◽  
Excess Entropy ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Entropy Production Rate ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Minimum Entropy ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Biomimetic Surfaces ◽  
Minimum Entropy Production ◽  
Self Cleaning

Friction is a dissipative irreversible process; therefore, entropy is produced during frictional contact. The rate of entropy production can serve as a measure of degradation (e.g. wear). However, in many cases friction leads to self-organization at the surface. This is because the excess entropy is either driven away from the surface, or it is released at the nanoscale, while the mesoscale entropy decreases. As a result, the orderliness at the surface grows. Self-organization leads to surface secondary structures either due to the mutual adjustment of the contacting surfaces (e.g. by wear) or due to the formation of regular deformation patterns, such as friction-induced slip waves caused by dynamic instabilities. The effect has practical applications, since self-organization is usually beneficial because it leads to friction and wear reduction (minimum entropy production rate at the self-organized state). Self-organization is common in biological systems, including self-healing and self-cleaning surfaces. Therefore, designing a successful biomimetic surface requires an understanding of the thermodynamics of frictional self-organization. We suggest a multiscale decomposition of entropy and formulate a thermodynamic framework for irreversible degradation and for self-organization during friction. The criteria for self-organization due to dynamic instabilities are discussed, as well as the principles of biomimetic self-cleaning, self-lubricating and self-repairing surfaces by encapsulation and micro/nanopatterning.

scholarly journals Solar Powered Self-Charging Circuit for Mobile Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Padmashree V Kulkarni ◽  
A Jahnavi ◽  
Madhurya L
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Solar Powered

Electric vehicles were invented as an alternative to save fuel and to make more environment-friendly vehicles. With the increase in pricing for fuels, all are looking at effective alternatives for fuelled vehicles. Although electric vehicles [EV] are alternatives for our daily means of travel, they have not been very effective with the distance we can travel by fully charging them. The problem with EV is that once fully charged they may run for about 60 km. But considering our society, most of us travel more than 60 km every day. An alternate EV will make a better future. In this project we have aimed at making EVs more efficient and effective for normal usage. We have implemented a prototype of a new circuit with two batteries where each battery works alternatively. Apart from this, we have used solar panels to charge these batteries with solar energy.

Preliminary Design of Solar Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

2012 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Jashnani ◽  
Prahsant Shaholia ◽  
Ali Khamker ◽  
Muhammad Ishfaq ◽  
Tarek Nada
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Electromechanical Drive ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Main Components

Applications involving the use of alternate, renewable energy sources are expanding exponentially, and are in high demand. Solar power has long been harnessed for such applications and aviation is no stranger to it with its strong drive towards becoming an environment-friendly industry. This paper describes a straight forward procedure to design and test a solar powered unmanned aerial vehicle that can fly continuously for 24 hours at any day of the year. The paper introduces the modeling and preparation of hardware testing of the propulsion and power sub-system. The main components of this sub-system are solar panels, the electromechanical drive train and the propeller. A design for a thrust stand to measure the performance of the system is also introduced.

Self-organization at the frictional interface for green tribology

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1929) ◽  
pp. 4755-4774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nosonovsky
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Systems ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Diffusion Systems ◽  
Green Tribology

Despite the fact that self-organization during friction has received relatively little attention from tribologists so far, it has the potential for the creation of self-healing and self-lubricating materials, which are important for green or environment-friendly tribology. The principles of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and of the nonlinear theory of dynamical systems are used to investigate the formation of spatial and temporal structures during friction. The transition to the self-organized state with low friction and wear occurs through destabilization of steady-state (stationary) sliding. The criterion for destabilization is formulated and several examples are discussed: the formation of a protective film, microtopography evolution and slip waves. The pattern formation may involve self-organized criticality and reaction–diffusion systems. A special self-healing mechanism may be embedded into the material by coupling the corresponding required forces. The analysis provides the structure–property relationship, which can be applied for the design optimization of composite self-lubricating and self-healing materials for various ecologically friendly applications and green tribology.

Optical behavior of antibiofouling additives in environment-friendly coverglass materials for bio-sensors and solar panels

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 626-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Booth ◽  
Phil Wheeler ◽  
Jesse Hancock ◽  
Ray Ximenes ◽  
Donald E. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Solar Panels ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Optical Behavior

scholarly journals Green tribology: principles, research areas and challenges

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1929) ◽  
pp. 4677-4694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nosonovsky ◽  
Bharat Bhushan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Green Tribology

In this introductory paper for the Theme Issue on green tribology, we discuss the concept of green tribology and its relation to other areas of tribology as well as other ‘green’ disciplines, namely, green engineering and green chemistry. We formulate the 12 principles of green tribology: the minimization of (i) friction and (ii) wear, (iii) the reduction or complete elimination of lubrication, including self-lubrication, (iv) natural and (v) biodegradable lubrication, (vi) using sustainable chemistry and engineering principles, (vii) biomimetic approaches, (viii) surface texturing, (ix) environmental implications of coatings, (x) real-time monitoring, (xi) design for degradation, and (xii) sustainable energy applications. We further define three areas of green tribology: (i) biomimetics for tribological applications, (ii) environment-friendly lubrication, and (iii) the tribology of renewable-energy application. The integration of these areas remains a primary challenge for this novel area of research. We also discuss the challenges of green tribology and future directions of research.

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