Modeling Hybrid Hydro-Electro-Mechanical Power-Split Propulsion Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Haughery ◽  
Brian L. Steward ◽  
Saxon J. Ryan ◽  
R. Gallolu Kankanamalage
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Coupling Techniques ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
Full Power

Abstract Hydrostatic and hydro-mechanical transmissions (HSTs and HMTs, respectively) are commonly used in off-highway vehicles. While both transmission technologies can provide continuously variable torque or speed ratios, they suffer from poor efficiencies and limited operating ranges. Electric variable transmissions (EVTs), in contrast, offer complementary strengths via higher efficiencies at low forward and reverse speeds, full torque from zero to full power, and increased control capabilities. While HST, HMT, and EVT powertrain architectures are not novel, the authors are not aware of work integrating these technologies into hydro-electro-mechanical (HEMT) transmission architectures. Thus, this research aimed to develop a physical modeling methodology to explore different power-split transmission technologies using hydraulic, electrical, and mechanical pathways to understand how the complementary nature of the technologies could be used for overall power transmission performance. Steady-state modeling was performed using the Modelica® (Modelica Association) modeling language in the Dymola (Dassault Systems®) integrated development environment. Overall efficiency vs. output speed was presented for HMT, EMT, and HEMT input-coupled architectures, including circulating power considerations. This research extends the state-of-the-art of off-road powertrain technologies by providing the literature an exemplar modeling of HEMT coupling techniques, system integration, and power flow architectures in Modelica® modeling language.

Design and Analysis of a Novel Power-Split Infinitely Variable Power Transmission System

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ender İnce ◽  
Mehmet A. Güler
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Infinitely Variable Transmission ◽  
Variable Power ◽  
New System ◽  
Agricultural Machines

In the last few decades, power-split infinitely variable transmission (IVT) systems have attracted considerable attention as they ensure high driving comfort with high total efficiencies, especially in off-highway vehicles and agricultural machines. In this study, a novel power-split-input-coupled IVT system is developed. The effects of various dynamic parameters such as power flow and Willis transmission ratio on the mechanical efficiency of the systems are investigated. Kinematic analysis of the new system has been carried out. In addition power flow equations are derived as functions of the power that flows through the infinitely variable unit (IVU). The results indicate that the main parameters, which are strictly related to mechanical efficiency are the power and torque flows through the IVU.

Improving Power Flow of Power Transmission System Using UPFC

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9th) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Heba Allah Ahmed ◽  
T. Abdel Salam ◽  
M. Mostafa ◽  
M. Badr
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Power Transmission System

Structure-Borne Power Transmission in Thin Naturally Orthotropic Plates: General Case

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1189-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Kumar Mandal ◽  
Roslan Abd. Rahman ◽  
M. Salman Leong
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Orthotropic Plates ◽  
Flow Estimation ◽  
Structural Intensity ◽  
Vibration Power Flow ◽  
Conventional Idea ◽  
Bending Wave

The structural intensity technique is usually used to estimate vibration power flow in structures. This method is used to determine vibration power flow in thin naturally orthotropic plates. The bending wave is considered to find general vibration power transmission in the frequency domain that is not approximated by far field conditions. This intensity formulation defines power flow per unit width of the plates (W m−1) similar to that of the conventional idea. Power flow estimation is formulated using cross-spectra of field signals, facilitating the use of a fast Fourier transform analyzer.

scholarly journals STUDY ON EFFECT OF UPFC DEVICE IN ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM: POWER FLOW ASSESSMENT

2013 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
CH. CHENGAIAH ◽  
R.V.S. SATYANARAYANA ◽  
G.V. MARUTHESWAR MARUTHESWAR
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Time Control

The power transfer capability of electric transmission lines are usually limited by large signals ability. Economic factors such as the high cost of long lines and revenue from the delivery of additional power gives strong intensive to explore all economically and technically feasible means of raising the stability limit. On the other hand, the development of effective ways to use transmission systems at their maximum thermal capability. Fast progression in the field of power electronics has already started to influence the power industry. This is one direct out come of the concept of FACTS aspects, which has become feasible due to the improvement realized in power electronic devices in principle the FACTS devices should provide fast control of active and reactive power through a transmission line. The UPFC is a member of the FACTS family with very attractive features. This device can independently control many parameters. This device offers an alternative mean to mitigate transmission system oscillations. It is an important question is the selection of the input signals and the adopted control strategy for this device in order to damp power oscillations in an effective and robust manner. The UPFC parameters can be controlled in order to achieve the maximal desire effect in solving first swing stability problem. This problem appears for bulky power transmission systems with long transmission lines. In this paper a MATLAB Simulink Model is considered with UPFC device to evaluate the performance of Electrical Transmission System of 22 kV and 33kV lines. In the simulation study, the UPFC facilitates the real time control and dynamic compensation of AC transmission system. The dynamic simulation is carried out in conjunction with the N-R power flow solution sequence. The updated voltages at each N-R iterative step are interpreted as dynamic variables. The relevant variables are input to the UPFC controllers.

scholarly journals 2D Propagation Simulation of Variation Parameters of U-shape Fiber Optic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Core Fiber

Fiber optic has extraordinary properties and is suitable in sensor applications due to its special potential. Currently, macro bending characteristics of newly developed hetero core fiber optic element are designed and evaluated. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained from the numerical simulation analysis of the bending sensitivity of U-shape fiber optics toward the 2D electromagnetic wave in terms of mesh, curvature radius, core fiber size, and turn number. Fiber optics with core sizes of 4, 9, 50, and 62.5 μm were designed. In addition, the combination of core diameters 50-4-50, 50-9-50, 62.5-4-62.5, and 62.5-9-62.5 μm is evaluated to compare the outcome of transmission power in terms of hetero core structure of fiber optic. Simulation is performed using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation tool. The developed U-shape fiber optic is designed to sense the distortion of reducing power transmission by comparing input and output power. Results show that the selected mesh depends on the size of geometry bending fiber optics, and fine and finer mesh is the best for U-shape fiber optic. Furthermore, the power flow on the fiber decreases with the decreasing curvature radius and increasing turn number. The fiber with a core size combination of 62.5–4–62.5 um has high sensitivity in terms of loss. The attained results possess higher potential in the field of sensor applications, such as displacement, strain, pressure, and monitoring respiration, on human body. This study serves as a basis for further investigation of nanomaterial coating on fiber optics, thereby enhancing its credibility for sensing.

Multilevel Inverter Based DSTATCOM with Energy Storage Device

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 1361-1364
Author(s):  
Jun Li Zhang ◽  
Xiao Feng Lv ◽  
Chao Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Multilevel Inverter ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Energy Storage Device ◽  
Reactive Power Flow

With the growth of industry manufacturers and population, power quality becomes more and more important issue, and is attracting significant attention due to the increase in the number of sensitive loads. A distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is a voltage source inverter (VS1)-based power electronic device, which is usually used to compensate reactive power and sustain the system voltage in distribution power system. Compared with the traditional STATCOM, multilevel STATCOMs exhibit faster dynamic response, smaller volume, lower cost, and higher ratings. A multilevel inverter connected to an energy storage device can control both active and reactive power flow, providing more flexible and versatile power transmission operation. SPWM is actually a kind of multi-pulse trigger mode and used to trigger the switches in DSTATCOM.

The unified power flow controller: a new approach to power transmission control

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1085-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gyugyi ◽  
C.D. Schauder ◽  
S.L. Williams ◽  
T.R. Rietman ◽  
D.R. Torgerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Unified Power Flow Controller ◽  
Transmission Control ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Flow Controller ◽  
Power Flow Controller

scholarly journals Optimal Sizing and Spatial Allocation of Storage Units in a High-Resolution Power System Model

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Wienholt ◽  
Ulf Müller ◽  
Julian Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Renewable Generation ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Transmission Grid ◽  
Storage Units

The paradigm shift of large power systems to renewable and decentralized generation raises the question of future transmission and flexibility requirements. In this work, the German power system is brought to focus through a power transmission grid model in a high spatial resolution considering the high voltage (110 kV) level. The fundamental questions of location, type, and size of future storage units are addressed through a linear optimal power flow using today’s power grid capacities and a generation portfolio allowing a 66% generation share of renewable energy. The results of the optimization indicate that for reaching a renewable energy generation share of 53% with this set-up, a few central storage units with a relatively low overall additional storage capacity of around 1.6 GW are required. By adding a constraint of achieving a renewable generation share of at least 66%, storage capacities increase to almost eight times the original capacity. A comparison with the German grid development plan, which provided the basis for the power generation data, showed that despite the non-consideration of transmission grid extension, moderate additional storage capacities lead to a feasible power system. However, the achievement of a comparable renewable generation share provokes a significant investment in additional storage capacities.

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